ENG011

Fundamentals Of Engineering
ByLaw 2018 Prepared by
Freshmen Level Dr. M ElBanna
Spring 20 Dr. M Mokhtar
 Lecture 1

Introduction
to
Fundamentals Of Engineering
 1. What is “ Engineer” ?
• The word “ Engineer” has its roots in the
latin word “ Ingeniator” which means
ingenious, to devise in the sense of construct
or craftsmanship

• The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

ABET defines engineering as
“Profession in which knowledge of mathematical and natural sciences
gained by study, experience, and practice is applied with judgment to
develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of
nature for the benefit of mankind”
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 1. What is “ Engineer” ?

• Both the Engineer and Scientist are thoroughly

educated in the mathematical and natural
sciences,
• The scientist primarily uses this knowledge to
acquire new knowledge, whereas the engineer
applies the knowledge to design and develop
usable devices, structures and processes.
• In other words, the scientist seeks to know, the
engineer aims to do.

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 2. Engineering Support Personnel
• The most commonly that engineers work with a group
of support personnel.

• This spectrum includes the engineer, engineering

technologists, engineering technicians, and craftsmen.

• At the top of the spectrum is the Engineer who serves

as innovator, designer, decision maker, and leader of
the engineering team
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 2. Engineering Support Personnel

• Next is the Engineering Technologist, who assists the

engineer in the planning, construction, and operation of
engineering facilities.

• Typical activities for technologists include technical

sales, construction supervision, routine product
development, and coordination of work force,
equipment, and materials.
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 2. Engineering Support Personnel

• Engineering Technicians are specialists in methodology

devoted to the accomplishment of practical objectives.

• Typical activities of technicians include drafting,

surveying, estimating, collecting data, and performing
field inspections on construction projects.

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 2. Engineering Support Personnel

• Craftsmen are skilled workers who produce the

materials and products or facilities specified by the
design. Such specialists include electricians, carpenters,
welders, machinists, and model builders.

• Craftsmen normally acquire their skills by on the job

training; their education typically does not extend
beyond high school.
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 3. History of Engineering

• Pre-Scientific revolution

• Industrial revolution

• Second industrial revolution

• Information revolution

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 Engineering In The Early Civilizations

• Significant engineering achievements must be credited

to the ancient dwellers of Mesopotamia, currently the
country of Iraq.

• In this area, the wheeled cart is said to have first

appeared.

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 Engineering In The Early Civilizations

• In the ancient Egyptian civilization, experts in planning

and construction emerged.

• These engineering forerunners

held top positions as the trusted

Figure 1 Hieroglyphs from Ancient Egypt
advisors of the Egyptian kings. translated “chief of works.”

• The man who held this position was a general

construction expert who was known as the king’s “chief
of works”.
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 Engineering In The Early Civilizations
• These ancient engineers practiced the earliest known
form of surveying, developed irrigation systems.

• Egyptian engineers used

sections of rope that had
been soaked in water,
dried, and then coated
Figure 1.2 Survey party and officials using coiled
with a wax material to “measuring rope” as portrayed in
wall painting of an Egyptian superintendent,
insure constant length. about 2000 B.C.

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 Engineering In The Early Civilizations

• The ancient Egyptians temples and monuments such as

stone blocks were floated to the site using ropes, levers,
rollers, wooden sledges and earth ramps.

• The Egyptian workers built the pyramid with precise

and exacting engineering standards

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 Industrial Revolution

• From the eighteenth through early nineteenth century,

civil and mechanical engineers changed from practical
artists to scientific professionals.

• This phase of engineering lasted through the First

Industrial Revolution, when machines, increasingly
powered by steam engines, started to replace muscles in
most production.
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 Second Industrial Revolution

• In the century before World War II, chemical,

electrical, and other science-based engineering
branches developed electricity, cars, airplanes,
telecommunications, and mass production.

• The second industrial revolution, symbolized by the

advent of electricity and mass production, was driven
by many branches of engineering.
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 Information Revolution

• As engineering science matured after the war,

microelectronics, telecommunications, and computers
jointly produced information technology.

• Microelectronics, telecommunications, and computer

engineering joined force to precipitate the information
revolution in which intellectual chores are increasingly
alleviated by machines.
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 4. Responsibilities

1. Safety of the public

2. Welfare of the society

3. Environmental concerns

4. Abide by laws, regulations, standards and ethical code

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 4. Responsibilities

5. Produce products/devices that have the following

characteristics:

o Adequate performance

o Cost-efficient

o Low operating and maintenance cost

o Longevity/durability

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 5. Value of Engineering Profession

• Engineers are responsible of development of

civilizations. They provide:

o Infrastructure

o Communication to link people

o Products to make our lives easier and more

enjoyable

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 6. Legal Framework of Engineering
Profession
• Codes and standards set minimum requirements to
ensure public safety and adequate performance.

• Example of the first structural design code: the code of

Hammourabi

• Code of ethics of the profession such as conflict of

interest.
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 Engineering Majors-Traditional
• Civil Engineering

• Environmental Engineering

• Mechanical Engineering

• Electrical Engineering

• Computer Engineering

• Chemical Engineering

• Architectural Engineering

• Construction Engineering
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 Engineering Majors: Non-Traditional
• Bioengineering

• Building Engineering

• Materials Engineering

• Communication Systems Engineering

• Manufacturing Engineering

• Energy & Renewable Energy Engineering

• Petroleum Engineering

• Genetic Engineering
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 8. Functions Of Engineering

• Within a given engineering field of specialization, there

is a wide range of functions or activities in which
engineers may be involved.

• These functions include: research, development, design,

production, construction, operations, sales, and
management.

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 8. Functions Of Engineering

1. Research involves seeking new knowledge or a better

understanding.

2. Development involves making the discoveries and

results of research available in the form of useful
products, methods, or processes.

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 8. Functions Of Engineering

3. Design is the process of converting concepts and

information into detailed plans and specifications from
which a finished product or facility can be
constructed.

4. Production is the industrial process by which products

or articles are manufactured from raw materials.

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 8. Functions Of Engineering
5. Construction is the process of translating designs and
materials into structures and facilities such as buildings,
highways, and power and communication facilities.

6. Operations in engineering means the application of

engineering principles or the performance of practical
work. Engineers are prominently involved in the
operations of utility companies
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 8. Functions Of Engineering
7. Sales in technological industries often requires services
of trained engineers to recommend the machines, tools,
or services to serve the customers’ needs.

8. Management positions in many industries are occupied

by engineers. They are responsible for the solution of
problems of policy, finance, organization, public
relations, and sales.
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Thanks for your Attention

Any Questions

Dr. ………………………
………….@[Link]