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Forensic Firearm and Bullet Analysis

This document summarizes the process of firearm and tool mark examinations to compare fired and unfired bullets. It discusses analyzing bullet impacts to determine the firearm type, and examining firearms, ammunition, and tool marks to establish whether a specific firearm was used in a crime. Key aspects covered include cartridge case examination of breech face marks, firing pin impressions, extractor and ejector marks, and expansion marks. Bullet examination compares markings on questioned bullets to test bullets to determine if a particular gun fired them.

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Maithili
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28 views49 pages

Forensic Firearm and Bullet Analysis

This document summarizes the process of firearm and tool mark examinations to compare fired and unfired bullets. It discusses analyzing bullet impacts to determine the firearm type, and examining firearms, ammunition, and tool marks to establish whether a specific firearm was used in a crime. Key aspects covered include cartridge case examination of breech face marks, firing pin impressions, extractor and ejector marks, and expansion marks. Bullet examination compares markings on questioned bullets to test bullets to determine if a particular gun fired them.

Uploaded by

Maithili
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Aim:

Revolver and pistol firearm


To compare fired and unfired bullet

Dr Kiran Malik
UID-27333
4/22/2022 Chem-195 H 2
• Analysis of bullet impacts to determine the type.
• Firearm and tool mark examinations involve analyzing
firearm, ammunition, and tool mark evidence in order
to establish whether a certain firearm or tool was used
in the commission of a crime

4/22/2022 3
• [Link]
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Working mechanism
Firearms Identification:
A discipline mainly concerned with determining
whether a bullet or cartridge was fired by a
particular weapon.
• Ballistics: the study of bullets and firearms

• Barrel: the long, metal tube that guides a projectile out


of a firearm

4/22/2022 Chem-195 H 18
• Breech: end of barrel
attached to firing mechanism
of a firearm where the
cartridge is loaded and
unloaded

• Bullet: the projectile that is


sent flying when a firearm is
shot

4/22/2022 19
• Caliber a measure of the inside diameter of a firearm
barrel.

• Cartridge a case that holds a bullet, primer powder,


and gunpowder.

4/22/2022 20
• Firearm a weapon capable of firing a
projectile using a confined explosive
as a propellant.

• Fully automatic: a firearm with a clip


fed mechanism that fires repeatedly
as long as the trigger is pressed.

4/22/2022 21
Cartridge Case Examination

• Breech Face Marks:- These marks come from the


area surrounding the firing pin of the gun.
• After the propellant powder is ignited by the firing
pin striking the primer cup, tremendous pressure is
exerted in the chamber of the weapon that forces
the back of the chamber of the cartridge case against
the breech face of the weapon.
Firing Pin Impression

• As the firing pin strikes the primer cap with force,


there will be marks of the firing pin on its surface.
• These marks are due to imperfections, finishing
marks, etc. they are different for different firearms
and are rarely or never duplicated.
Marks from Extractors and Ejectors
• All firearms have some form of extractor or ejector.
• The extractor marks are not found on the pistol
cartridge cases.
• The pistols have special ejectors, which are likely to
leave marks on cartridges cases fired in them.
• Repeater and automatic arms usually impress
definite and recognizable marks like size, shape, and
location on the rim of the cartridge cases.
Marks Due to Expansion

• At the time of firing, the cartridge cases expand and


may take up marks or certain irregularities, which
may occur in the region where the barrel,
breechblock, and extractor meet.
Bullet Examination
• Bullets fired through the rifled firearms receive both the class
and individual characteristics of the barrel from which they are
fired.
• The bullet will show primary markings left by the gun barrel’s
lands and grooves and reveal the fine striations in all the marks.
• These are the imprint of the minor irregularities in the barrel
and are never duplicated by the different firearms.
• To determine whether or not a particular gun has fired the
questioned bullet, a detailed comparison is made of markings
on the questioned bullet with the corresponding marks made
on the test bullets fired through the suspected gun.
• When the bullet seized from the crime scene is greatly
deformed, or when only fragments are recovered, comparative
chemical analysis of the questioned and the known bullets by
spectrographic analysis may yield helpful information.
Online video link
• [Link]
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• [Link]
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• [Link]
m-examination
• [Link]
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• [Link]
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