Pangasinan State University

Bayambang Campus
Laboratory Integrated Schools - High School
Bayambang, Pangasinan
S.Y. 2022-2023

A Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan

in
PATHWAYS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP
(Recognizing Assessing and Exploiting Opportunity)

Submitted by:
Kennedy V. Sabugo
Teaching Intern

Submitted to:
Mr. Marvin Roy C. Ferrer
Supervising Instructor

Date of Teaching: April 16, 2023

I. Objectives
At the end of the 60-minute lesson, the student should be able to:
a) explain the difference between opportunity process, recognition and
assessment,
b) name the different some examples of opportunity process,
recognition and assessment, and
c) create their own opportunity assessment plan.
II. Subject Matter
Topic: Recognizing Assessing and Exploiting Opportunities

References: (Book) Pathways to Entrepreneurship chapter3: pages 31-

40, Phoenix publishing House, Inc.
(Raymund B. Harabas, DBA and Tereso S. Tullao Jr., PhD)

Materials: Laptop, PowerPoint presentation, chalk, chalkboard eraser,

blackboard, and HDMI

Value Integration: Students would be able to understand the different ways

in building or creating a business.

III. Procedures:

A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
Who wants to volunteer to lead the prayer?.

2. Greeting
Good morning grade 12 ABM.

3. Classroom Management
Class can you pick the trash behind, beside and back of
your chair.

4. Checking Attendance
Class mayor or secretary who is absent today?

B. Review
1. In your own opinion what is generating ideas: harnessing logic and
creativity?
2. Are you familiar in opportunity process, recognition and
assessment?
3. What comes into your mind when you heard the word opportunity?

C. Motivation
The teacher will ask the student what are the next number that the
teacher need.. Students will answer in a high-speed time, they have 5
 minutes to answer this game called ‘’ ang hindi marunong lumingon sa
pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan’’.

D. Presentation of Lesson

1. What is opportunity recognition process?

2. What are the stages in opportunity recognition process?
3. What are the factors in opportunity recognition?
4. What are the major factors in factor in opportunity recognition?
5. What is opportunity assessment?
6. What are the elements in opportunity assessment?
7. What is opportunity pathways?
8. What are the types of opportunity pathways?
9. What is product, planning, and development?
10. What are the types of product, planning and development?

 What is opportunity?
According to Cambridge Dictionary opportunity is a situation or occasion
that makes it possible to something you want to do.
There are three simple definition of opportunity;
a. you want to do something,
b. condition for the realization of the objective and;
c. you must take decision or take action on these condition to
realize your objective

 What is opportunity recognition process?

Entails phases that potentials entrepreneurs take before introducing a
product or service to the market.

 What re the stages in opportunity recognition process?

According to Hills, Shrader, and Lumpkin (n.d.) there are five stages of
opportunity recognition are summarized as follows. The Precondition
Conception Visioning Assessment and Realization

 What is precondition?
A preparatory stage, during which the individuals assesses his knowledge
of the market, shaped by his educational background, from formal training,
personal experience and have valuable information on the market that he wants
to enter.

 What is conception?
This is the gestation phase, during which entrepreneurial intentions and
ideas are generated, using logic creative thinking or both. Creativity is the
capacity of the mind to reprocess and recreate new ideas by connecting idea
from existing products or services.
  What is visioning?
Provides the individual a hunch that can serve as an opportunity for
business. This comes about as ideas become clearer and how the logic of
connections leads the individual to a new idea.

 What is assessment?
This stages involves the evaluation on whether the idea can be realized or
not. Aside from the resources needed and technology to be used, the paramount
questions to the individual is whether the idea can be actualized.

 What is a realization?
The last phase suggests the production of the prototype. This stage when
the mental construct or idea is now felt in its tangible or physical form.

 What is a factors in opportunity recognition?

A framework on recognizing opportunities crafted by Hisrich, Peters, and
Sheperd (2010), provide some of the key factors in opportunity recognition.
According to them a successful recognition of business opportunities is
influence by three major factors: (a) market awareness (b) entrepreneurial
readiness and (c) connections.

 What is market awareness?

Refers to personal exposure to the market and its components including
customers and supplier. Information on the market, in turn, can be acquired
from formal training. Tools on market analysis are usually learned from business
training program and business education.
Beyond formal training, experience can be major sources of
understanding the market. Your dissatisfaction with a particular product can be
part of your personal experience that can push you to improve on the product,
your own work experience and knowledge about the market and its prospects.

 What is entrepreneurial readiness or entrepreneurial alertness?

Refers to a variety of features of an individual to a start a business
venture. It covers all types of resources that the individual possesses including
financial, physical and human resources.

 What is connections or networks in business?

Business opportunity recognition is heightened when the individual has a
diversity of networks. Families and friends as well as business associates can
bring about the opportunities that we can pursue.

 What is opportunity assessment?

Once the idea has been generated and an opportunity has been
recognized from it, there is need to assess whether this opportunity is feasible
to implement. Refers to the process of evaluating the likelihood that the
 opportunity can be realized. Elements in opportunity assessment are the
following; Product or service, market opportunity, costing and pricing,
profitability, resource requirement, risks and entrepreneurial commitment.

 What is product or service?

A business opportunity is primarily the potential of introducing new
product or service to the market. This new product or service can be result of
various creative ways of differentiating an existing product or service. What is
the unique feature of the product or service?Why will the consumer purchase
this commodity?What need or want is the product or service trying to fill?What is
the competitive edge of this commodity compared with existing product or
service?

 What is market opportunity?

This element in the assessment process refers the appraisal of the
characteristics of the market included in the assessment process is the
competitive environment in the market. It is easy to enter the market? If there is
a barriers to entry, can they be overcome? How strong is the bargaining power
of existing players in the market? How different is the product or service that
you want to introduce compared to the existing products and service in the
market? What segment of the market is your product or service?

 What is costing and pricing?

a product which may be considered valuable by consumers may not be
affordable. Thus, the cost of production as well as the unit price of the
commodity is very important in the assessment phase.

 What is profitability?
is based on how the market will receive your product and the cost of
producing it. There are business ventures that are very profitable but will require
huge capital and long gestation period.

 What is resource requirement?

In any business venture you will need inputs in the production process.
The intermediate inputs and the factors inputs.

 What are the intermediate inputs?

Are also called raw materials that need further processing. Aside from
that the availability, accessibility and reliability of raw materials
.
 What is factors inputs?
Are also called the processing inputs which includes labor, capital and
technology. The main major concern of factor inputs are on their productivity
and cost.

 What is risks?
 Any business enterprise will dace risks in the course of its operations.
Risk are uncertain situation that can increase the probability of loss or failure of
a business venture. Risks comes from internal and external risks
.
 What is internal risks?
Which emanate from the management of resources can be prepared or
controlled.

 What is external risks?

Which arise from various environments affecting business, can be
managed.

 What is entrepreneurial commitment?

The last element in the process of entrepreneurial assessment relates to
the commitment of the individual to pursue the realization of its business idea.
Commitment may include the motivations of the individual, his skills, experience
, resource and the mount of time he can devote in the operation of the business.
The seriousness of the individual can define his commitment and can proceed
with the introduction of product or service.

 What is opportunity pathways?

Once the opportunity has been identified, the individual can subject it to
an assessment as described above, proceed with its implementation, or put the
business idea on hold. If the decision is to proceed, the individual two options to
follow or pathways in transforming the opportunity into a business venture. The
two opportunity pathways are the following; the Rational Approach and Intuitive
Approach.

 What is rational or traditional approach?

It uses systematic procedures in proceeding of the implementation of a
business opportunity. Usually applicable for business ideas that require
substantial initial investments or those that are undertaken by what we refer to
as Schumpeterian entrepreneurs. Rational and systematic it implies that
entrepreneurship can be learned.

 What is a intuitive approach?

It starts with there cognition of an opportunity and proceed directly to the
grabbing of the opportunity after sensing that it can be done. Rather than using
systematic process, this alternative approach relies primarily on the intuition of
the individual , which is informed by his prior knowledge and previous work and
life experience. The individual has an immediate hunch or feel that an
opportunity can be realized.

 What is product, planning and development?

This section summarizes the development process of the product from its
inception, introduction in the market, and final decline. Hisrich, Peters and
 Sheperd (2010). Identified the various stages that a product or service undergo
in its product [Link] takes two phases; The precommercialization phase and the
commercialization phase.
The precommercialization phase

 What is idea stage?

This refers to the formation of business ideas. It starts with an
entrepreneurial intent and proceeds with the development of a business idea
using of a logic and creativity.

 What is concept stage?

The refinement of ideas and visualization of the idea that can serve as
business opportunity is called the concept stage. The initial customer evaluation
also happens during this stage. Feasibility study or market study is used to
determine if there is a demand for the product and service.

 What is product development stage?

After the visualization of the idea the business idea is concertized with
the production of a prototype.

 What is test marketing stage?

At this phase the product or service is introduced in the market after a
series of evaluation and feedback from potential customers.
The commercialization phase

 What is a introduction?
With a positive feedback after a series of market testing, the product is
formally introduced in the market. At this stage, the entrepreneur has to devote
resources and time for marketing of the product.

 What is a growth?
With a successful marketing campaign the product is recognized by the
market . This market recognition is translated into a decision to purchase a
product. There is a growth if there are repeat purchases or sustained demand
from the initial and subsequent buyers.

 What is a maturity?
At this stage the product is widely accepted with the emergence of brand
loyalty and patronage from its target market. The product is considered the
leading brand in a particular market with the considerable market share. To stay
on top, the entrepreneur must engage in innovative activities to improve and
further differentiate the product.

 What is a decline?
Once the market for the product has been saturated and innovation
possibilities for it have been fully explored, the product may start to lose its
 market power. The decline becomes real when competitive products with newer
innovations and creative differentiation are introduced and get accepted by the
market.

E. Generalization
 What are the things to remember in building a business?
 What the stages or life cycle of a product?
 What is the meaning of opportunity pathways?

IV. Evaluation:
Enumeration: Enumerate what is ask for each the following:
What are the two types of opportunity pathways?
1)
2)
What are the types of precommercialization phase? Give atleast two
types.
1)
2)
What are the three (3) types of factors in opportunity recognition?
1)
2)
3)
What are elements of opportunity assessment? Give atleast three
elements.
1)
2)
3)
Answers key:
Opportunity pathways
 Rational approach (Traditional)
 Intuitive approach
Precommercialization phase
 Idea stage
 Concept stage
 Product development stage
 Test marketing stage
Factors in recognition process
 Market awarenness
  Entrepreneurial readiness (alertness)
 Connection (networks)
Opporunity assessment
 Product or service
 Market opportunity
 Costing and pricing
 Profitability
 Resource requirement
 Risk
 Entreprenuerial commitment
V. Assignment:

Search on the book or internet about business plan. And read about the
following questions:
 What is a business plan?
 How do we write a business plan? Who reads it?
 What information is needed for major section of the business plan?
 What are the major sections of a business plan?
 What are the reason why the business plan fail?
 How do we present a business plan?

(Book) Pathways to Entrepreneurship chapter 4 : pages 42-58, Phoenix

publishing House, Inc. (Raymund B. Harabas, DBA and Tereso S. Tullao
Jr., PhD)