CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the nature and the importance of the study, objectives

of the study, scope and delimitation, definition of terms, significance of the study,

theoretical framework, and conceptual framework.

Nature and Importance of the Study

Today motorcycle has a significant role of transportation due to high speed

and small size and high power mobility for its low cost and easy to go from one place

to another. The motorcycle is one of the most popular vehicles in the Southeast

Asian region because of its low cost, ability to transfer people to any destination, and

its ease in squeezing through congestion. It is a small subset of all motor vehicles

and is one of the easiest kinds of land transportation in the country. It is small and

narrow, offers less protection than being inside a vehicle, and is built for speed and

performance levels significantly higher than automobiles. Motorcycle is one of the

most dangerous modes of transportation in the country for it can have a high speed

that can be a cause for accident and can result for injuries or death.

In 2017, 5,172 motorcyclists were killed.  Additionally, 88,000 were injured on

our nation’s roads in 2015, the most recent year injury data is available.  NHTSA

estimates that helmets saved the lives of 1,870 motorcyclists in 2017 and that 750

more lives in all states could have been saved if all motorcyclists had worn helmets.

Motorcyclists who do not wear helmets are at a much higher risk of sustaining head

injuries and from dying from these injuries. In addition, riders who do not wear

helmets will cost more in the hospitals, while the disability that results from these

head injuries incurs costs at an individual, family (or career) and societal level which

can result to a financial problems of the family.

1
 The Republic Act 10054, otherwise known as the Motorcycle Helmet Act of

2010, Section 3 on Mandatory Use of Motorcycle Helmets states that all motorcycle

riders, including drivers and back riders, shall at all times wear a standard protective

motorcycle helmets while driving, whether long or short drives, in any type of road

and highway (Congress of the Philippines, 2010). The motorcycle helmet is use as

an effective way to reduce road accidents and injury. There is an enactment of law

that means to make helmets as obligatory to use that can lessen casualties. The

most effective way to make people obliged to wear helmet is to abide the law, as it

requires that every driver and rider must wear it whenever they ride, to save money,

and save lives and prevent injury. Its usage is the best way to prevent critical

accidents on the road. According to a 2012 Government Accountability Office (GAO)

report, “laws requiring all motorcyclists to wear helmets are the only strategy proved

to be effective in reducing motorcyclist fatalities.”

The lack of awareness of using helmet is still the problem in every

municipality, city, region and the country in terms of wearing standard protective

helmet as to lessen fatalities of the riders and the pillion person in motorcycle. With

this, the researchers were motivated to evaluate the awareness of wearing standard

protective motorcycle helmets among the selected motorcycle riders in the

Municipality of Palo. Furthermore, this study served as available reference material

for future researchers related to the awareness of wearing standard protective

motorcycle helmets of the motorcycle riders.

Objectives of the Study

This study aimed to determine the awareness of wearing standard protective

motorcycle helmets among the selected motorcycle riders in the Municipality of Palo,

Leyte.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub problems;

2
1. To identify the socio demographic profile of the selected motorcycle riders in terms

of the following;

1.1. Age

1.2. Gender

1.3. Education Level

2. To determine the level of awareness of the selected motorcycle riders in the

municipality of Palo, Leyte in terms of the following;

2.1. Standard protective motorcycle helmets

2.2. Importance to reduce fatality

3. To come up with recommendation to improve level of awareness among the

selected motorcycle riders on standard protective motorcycle helmets.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focused on the awareness of wearing standard protective

motorcycle helmets among the selected motorcycle riders in the Municipality of Palo,

Leyte. The information which were gathered were limited only to the selected

motorcycle riders of the said locality. This study was conducted from the month of

November to December 2021.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding, the researchers provided conceptual and

operational definitions of the following terms;

3
 Awareness. According to Merriam Webster awareness is the quality or state

of being aware. In this study, the concept of awareness is having a piece of

knowledge or perception about a situation or a fact in terms of wearing a standard

protective motorcycle helmet.

Standard Protective Motorcycle Helmet. According to R.A 10054 the

standard protective motorcycle helmet is a protective head covering and appropriate

types of helmets for motorcycle riders that comply with the specifications issued by

the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). In this study, the concept of a standard

protective motorcycle helmet is to know the necessary use and importance of it.

Motorcycle Riders. The free dictionary defines the motorcycle rider as the

one who rides a motorbike while the concept of motorcycle riders in this study is the

one who rides the motorcycle in which necessary to know the important protocols to

apply.

Pillion. According to Oxford Languages pillion is a seat for a passenger

behind a motorcyclist while the concept of a pillion in this study is the back riders in

the motorcycle.

Transportation. According to Britannica, it is the movement of goods and

persons from place to place and the various means by which such movement is

accomplished. The concept of transportation in this study is moving places from one

another by using transportation vehicles like a motorcycle.

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:

4
 Motorcycle Riders. This would help the respondents to know the benefits of

using standard protective helmets.

LGU. This will help them to make a policy within the municipality and to

strengthen the rules and regulations for the motorcycle riders and to mandated to

wear the standard protective motorcycle helmets.

Land Transportation Office. This would help them to understand and

improve their regulations about the standard protective motorcycle helmet.

Highway Patrol Group. This would aid them in making programs that will

effectively solve cases and prevent accidents due to non-wearing of safety helmets.

Community. This would help them to understand and know that wearing a

standard protective motorcycle helmet can less accident and have a peaceful

community.

Future Researchers. This study would serve as an available reference

material for the future researchers related to the awareness of wearing standard

protective motorcycle helmets of the motorcycle riders.

Theoretical Framework

This study was anchored by the following theories; Systems Theory of Good

Governance by Stoker et al. (1998); Provan (2000); and Goggin, et al. (1990), The

Health Belief Model by Hochbaum, Rosenstock, et al. (1950s) and Agentic State

Theory by Stanley Milgram (1963).

Systems Theory of Good Governance. According to Stoker et al. (1998);

Provan (2000); and Goggin, et al. (1990) states that the national and local authorities

utilize strategic supervision in the implementation of The Motorcycle Helmet

5
Act in the country along with how the authorities formulate policies and to

determine whether the qualities of good governance is present in the enactment of

the ordinance or not. Basically, governance is about power, relationships and

accountability: who has influence, who decides, and how decision-makers are held

accountable (Institute on Governance, 2003).

Moreover, the concept of governance includes how an organization, including

how a nation is run, along with the processes, systems, and controls that are used to

safeguard and grow assets (UNDP, 1997). Moreover, government is responsible for

the formulation and implementation of policies and ordinances that benefits the

people. It says there that the state is dependent to the government, and it is primarily

because the people, as members of the state, gain comfort and help in living through

acquiring the services offered by the latter.

These concepts about governance are applicable to the research study for it

serves as an eye opener, showing if the decision-makers can be held accountable of

the consequences in enacting different policies and ordinances. Also, it aims to figure

out what are the procedures and processes in implementing a law, or a mandate.

Governance is a two-way process. It does not only cover the politicians, and other

law enforcers, but also the people of the society that are benefited with the different

services. The government only requires them cooperation and support for the

different programs, and of course obedience to the rules and regulations. With good

governance and the people’s obedience to the rules and regulations comes a safer

place to have in community.

The Health Belief Model (1963). According to Hochbaum, Rosenstock, et al.

the Health Belief Model predicts that individuals who perceive that they are

susceptible to a particular health problem will engage in behaviors to reduce their risk

of developing the health problem. The perceived susceptibility to motorcycle related

6
injury among other things influences one’s attitude towards helmet use. However, the

use or non-use of helmet was influenced by the modifying factors such as age,

gender, location (urban vs. peri-urban) and the nature of the trip; and level of

education. The helmet usage (possible behavior to manifest/likelihood of action) was

reflected by the practice of helmet use as it was ascertained through interview and

observation. Therefore, the likelihood of helmet usage depends on one’s feelings

about the protective nature of helmet against head injury secondary to one’s

perception of being susceptible to head injury; modifying factors, attitude towards the

protective nature of helmet and ability to overcoming the costs of buying helmet.

According to this model, one begins to act safely only when she/he is assured

there is a possibility of accident, which may cause suffering. Once the driver feels

threatened, one begins to act to prevent such undesirable events. It is likely that

driving behaviors, in particular unsafe behaviors, are partly related to the constructs

of the HBM model because previous studies have shown that risk perception as a

potential factor that can affect unsafe driving behaviors. The model suggests that the

higher risk a behavior is, the less likely a person is to behave in that manner in the

future.

Use of HBM can be useful in reducing unsafe driving behaviors, such as

driving at high speeds. In other words, if the perceived susceptibility and perceived

severity of risky driving behaviors increase, the tendency to these behaviors will

decrease. Health Belief Model is very useful in this study because it relates and apply

to the respondents and the citizen wherein they take an action for their safety

whenever they recognized that it will affect to them.

Agentic State Theory (1963). According to Milgram, which states that

Agentic State Theory is the essence of obedience consists in the fact that a person

comes to view themselves as the instrument for carrying out another person's

7
wishes. People act as agents for another person’s will. Ordinary people are likely to

follow orders given by an authority figure. Obedience to authority is ingrained in us all

from the way we are brought up. People tend to obey orders from other people if they

recognize their authority as morally right or legally based.

Moreover, Milgram suggested that two things must be in place in order for a

person to enter the Agentic state. The person giving the orders is perceived as being

qualified to direct other people’s behavior. That is, they are seen as legitimate. The

person being ordered about is able to believe that the authority will accept

responsibility for what happens. Agency theory says that people will obey an

authority when they believe that the authority will take responsibility for the

consequences of their actions. The Agentic State Theory is applicable for the

research study because it indicates the consequences if a person obeys or disobeys

the authority and can help to minimize violations in following the rules and regulations

of the government in terms of using the standard protective motorcycle helmets.

Conceptual Framework

This conceptual framework shows the flow of the study from level of

awareness of the motorcycle riders to process of using research method the simple

random sampling and data gathering procedure and use the statistical treatment of

data. To come up a recommendation to improve the level of awareness among the

selected motorcycle riders on standard protective motorcycle helmets.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Level of awareness Simple random Recommendation

of the Motorcycle sampling to improve level of
riders Data gathering awareness among
procedure the selected
Statistical motorcycle riders 8
Treatment of Data on standard
protective
motorcycle helmets
 Figure 1: Conceptual Framework used in the study to determine the Awareness of
Wearing Standard Protective Motorcycle Helmets Among the Selected Motorcycle
Riders in the Municipality of Palo, Leyte.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter presented the related literature and studies through different

sources. Those that are included in this chapter helps in familiarization of information

that are significant and similar to the present. This chapter discussed some of the

previous researches or journals, internet references and other articles that bear

relevance in the past and of importance to present studies about Awareness of

Wearing Standard Protective Motorcycle Helmets Among the Selected Motorcycle

Riders in The Municipality of Palo, Leyte. This will help the readers to gain insights

regarding the aspect of the main problem of the study.

Related Literatures

The motorcycle has become one of the most common modes of

transportation in the country. It required less maintenance and provides better

transportation. Motorcycles have become widespread as means of transportation

because of their high maneuverability which is a great advantage in heavy traffic

(Olakulehin et al., 2015), ability to pass along narrow paths and relatively affordable

costs as compared to motor vehicles. As rightly observed by Ogunrinola (2011)

motorcycles have become indispensable for transporting people and their goods and

also serve as source of employment for large number of people in the country.

However, despite its positive contributions, commercial motorcycle operation is

known to have many negative effects in the country. For instance, apart from

significantly contributing to the increasing trend of road traffic accidents, commercial

9
motorcycle operation is known to negatively affect agriculture by attracting labor from

farming. The motorcycles can easily evade traffic jams, making them an attractive

means of transport in these countries.

Despite the advantages that motorcycles have, motorcyclists form a large

proportion of those injured or killed on the roads. This is because they often share

the traffic space with fast moving, heavier and bigger cars, buses and trucks, and

also because they are less visible. Motorcyclists with no helmets were also found to

be over three times more likely to suffer brain injury compared to those who wear

helmet (The United State National Highway Traffic Safety Administration / NHTSA,

2012). And in terms of safety, protecting the head is the highest priority and helmet is

the most essential piece of protection that people can wear, yet two wheelers

account for the most number of road accidents. Though careless and rash driving is

the cause of most of the accidents, head injury is one of the single largest reasons

for the majority of road accidents (Manorama, 2017). Lack of safe driving concepts is

another factor that increases the vulnerability of the motorcyclists in road traffic

accidents.

According to Larona & Yan (2012), the Administrative Order gave rules on

speed limit, accessories, passenger and cargo load, and helmet use. The order

explicitly banned motorcycle driving under the influence of alcohol/prohibited drugs.

The second policy is the Republic Act 10054, entitled “Motorcycle Helmet Act”. Under

the law, all motorcycle riders including drivers and back riders, are required to wear

standard protective motorcycle helmets at all times while driving, whether long or

short drives, in any type of road and highway.

Republic Act 10054, otherwise known as the Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2010,

Section 3 on Mandatory Use of Motorcycle Helmets states that all motorcycle riders,

including drivers and back riders, shall at all times wear a standard protective

motorcycle helmets while driving, whether long or short drives, in any type of road

10
and highway (Congress of the Philippines, 2010). The Department of Transportation

(DOTr) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) issued Joint Administrative

Order 2011-01 providing the rules and regulations for the manufacturing, selling, or

dealing of proactive motorcycle helmets (Office of the National Administrative

Register, 2012).

The World Health Organization (WHO) in the Philippines expresses support

for the nationwide implementation of the new rules and regulations of Republic Act

10054. The organization reiterates the necessity of effective enforcement of road

safety laws, to save lives and prevent injuries and disabilities from road crashes. The

DOTr announces the strict enforcement of the Implementing Rules and Regulations

(IRR) of Republic Act 10054 on the use and distribution of standard protective

helmets. DOTr and other officials from DTI, LTO, and the Philippine National Police –

Highway Patrol Group (PNP-HPG) appeal to the members of media to inform the

public on the target date of the nationwide implementation and the need to use

standard protective helmets among motorcyclists.

The Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) or Philippine Standards (PS) stickers

are provided to helmets which passed the criteria set by the Bureau of Public

Standards (BPS) of the DTI. The WHO provides the support to the DOTr in

discussing the implementing guidelines and issues on the nationwide implementation

of the IRR. Information Kits on the use of motorcycle helmets to save lives is also

developed in collaboration with the Department of Health (DOH), with assistance

from the WHO (World Health Organization - Western Pacific Region, 2012).

Related Studies

Motorcycles as a means of mobility have become an issue, specifically

among developing countries. While it is a valid mode of transportation and

accessibility, it is not originally intended for public transport. Issues raised against

11
motorcycle-based public transport are traffic congestion, decrease safety, and

worsening the environment. Anyone who decides to ride a motorcycle must consider

that wearing of helmets from preventing injuries from a crash or fall. Riders are

vulnerable in crashing or falling even how knowledgeable and alert a rider is

([Link], 2011).

In the international scenario, a study is being conducted by the National

Safety Authority (NHTSA) and private institutions examining the crash statistics from

several states demonstrating a direct correlation between lack of helmet laws and

increased incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and death. It is also indicated by

the NHTSA that in the states were national helmet laws are entirely or partially

appealed, the rates of helmet use drop significantly (Satkoske, 2013). The effect on

death may be modified by other factors surrounding the crash, such as the speed the

motorcyclist was travelling when the crash occurred. It can result crashes at higher

speeds may result in multiple injuries likely to cause death, regardless of how well

the head is protected.

Motorcycle riders who do not wear a helmet run a much higher risk of

sustaining head and traumatic brain injuries, or a combination of them. Helmets

create an additional layer for the head and thus protect the wearer from some of the

more severe forms of traumatic brain injury. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, many

provinces also enacted the helmet act. This is an act mandating all motorcycle to use

helmets while driving and providing penalties to the violators. It was approved in

March 2010 signed by Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declaring that motorcycle

riders shall at all times wear standard protective motorcycle helmets while driving

including their back riders, whether short or long distances, in any road and highway.

It is also stated that standard protective motorcycle helmets are appropriate types of

helmets for motorcycle riders that comply with the specifications issued by the DTI.

12
 In the Philippines, most residents in Dumaguete still view the Republic Act

10054 or the Mandatory Helmet Act of 2009 as impractical and ineffective even four

years after the law was implemented in the city. The helmet law was passed in 2010

but its Implementing Rules and Regulations took effect only in January 2012.

Dumaguete, known as the "Motorcycle Capital of the Philippines," has been

mandated to implement it since 2012, but the Land Transportation Office (LTO) head

Marliza Elesterio herself admitted that they have difficulty implementing such, as the

local government units and several sectors are against it. (Geronimo, 2016)

In addition, David (2012) stated that over the past week, thousands of

motorcycle riders throughout the country descended on the offices of the Department

of Trade and Industry seeking a small sticker for their helmets. Like recruits for a

ragtag army waiting to have their weapons inspected before marching to war, they

waited for harried DTI personnel to paste an ICC sticker on their helmets attesting to

their worthiness.

13
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter describe the research methodology and explain the process on

how the research instrument was used with the data collected in order for the

researcher to clarify their question to the respondents on the awareness of wearing

standard protective motorcycle helmets among the selected motorcycle riders in the

Municipality of Palo, Leyte.

Research Design

This study used simple random sampling research design. Simple random

sampling selects a smaller group (the sample) from a larger group of the total

number of participants (the population). The technique relies on using a selection

method that provides each participant with an equal chance of being selected, giving

each participant the same probability of being selected. Research method used to

measure, evaluate and to find out the level of awareness of wearing standard

protective motorcycle helmets among the selected motorcycle riders in the

Municipality of Palo, Leyte.

Research Instrument

This study used a survey questionnaire that seeks to gather data to assess

and find out the level of awareness of wearing standard protective motorcycle

14
helmets among the selected motorcycle riders in the Municipality of Palo, Leyte. The

research questionnaire was divided into two parts:

Part I Socio-demographic profile of the respondents as to their age, gender

and educational level.

Part II Level of awareness of wearing standard protective motorcycle helmets

among the selected motorcycle riders in the Municipality of Palo, Leyte in terms of;

Standard protective motorcycle helmets and Importance to reduce fatality.

The tool that was used is the 5 – point Likert’s scale in the gathering of

responses as regards to the awareness of wearing standard protective motorcycle

helmets among the selected motorcycle riders and rating scale as follows: Very Much

Aware (5); Highly Aware (4); Moderately Aware (3); Slightly Aware (2); Not Aware

(1).

Validation of the Instrument

The researchers used a researcher-made questionnaire and validated

through a pilot testing survey that will be conducted to the motorcycle riders at the

Municipality of Palo, Leyte. This is to ensure that the questionnaire is understandable

regardless of the educational attainment of the respondents. The responses will be

analyzed and modifications will be made to serve the purpose of the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher provided a transmittal letter to the Municipal Mayor of Palo,

Leyte for approval. Upon approval the researchers retrieve the request letter. The

selected motorcycle riders of the Municipality of Palo, Leyte are the respondents of

study. In administering the survey questionnaire, the researchers asked the selected

seventy (70) motorcycle riders in Palo, Leyte specifically at the Market side and

Metro Bank who have spare time to answer the questionnaire. After collecting all the

15
data, researchers tally it and apply the statistical treatment that was used in this

study.

Research Respondent

The respondents of this study were the selected seventy (70) motorcycle

riders who are available to answer the survey questionnaire at Palo Public Market

and Metro Bank in the Municipality of Palo, Leyte.

Research Locale

This study was conducted in the Municipality of Palo, Leyte. The municipality

is located in the north-eastern part of the province of Leyte, 8 miles from the capital

city of  Tacloban and a 3rd class municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines.

According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 76,213 people.

PALO, LEYTE

16
Figure 2: Map of Palo, Leyte (Source:[Link]). Retrieved November 21,2021.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To interpret the data effectively the researchers used the following treatment.

Percentage was used to determine each variable and the socio- demographic

profile of the respondents as to their age, gender and educational level. The following

formula will be used.

% =
N

Where:

% = Percentage

X = Scores

N = No. of respondents

The percentage weighted mean was used to interpret and to determine the

level of awareness of wearing standard protective motorcycle helmets among the

selected motorcycle riders in the Municipality of Palo in terms of; Standard protective

motorcycle helmets and Importance to reduce fatality.

Ʃƒx
X=
N

17
 Where:
X = Mean

Ʃƒx = Sum of all frequency score

N = No. of respondent

Method of Scoring

The method of scoring was used to determine by the sum of all observation

divided by the number of respondents. It is interpreted by the following mean as a

result of all observation.

SCALE MEAN RANGE INTERPRETATION

5 4.26 – 5.0 Very Much Aware

4 3.26 - 4.25 Highly Aware

3 2.26 – 3.25 Moderately Aware

2 1.26 – 2.25 Slightly Aware

1 1.0 – 1.25 Not Aware

18
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter contains the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

based on the objectives of the study.

Profile of Respondents

The profile of the respondents was determined to identify the age, gender and

educational level of the motorcycle riders.

Table 1 presented the Age of the Motorcycle Riders.

NO. OF

AGE RESPONFDENTS PERCENTAGE RANK

16-20 5 7.15 % 5

21-30 17 24.30 % 2

31-40 23 32.85 % 1

41-50 13 18.55 % 3

51-60 12 17.15 % 4

61-70 0 0 6

19
 Table 1 shows that the percentage of 16-20 of 5 respondents was 7.17 %

with the rank of 5 out of 6, the age 21-30 has 17 respondents with a percentage of 24

% with rank 2 out of 6, the age of 31-40 has 23 respondents with a percentage of

32.85 % with the rank of 1. The age 41-50 has 13 respondents with a percentage of

18.55 % with the rank of 3, 51-60 has 12 respondents with a percentage of 17.15 %

with the rank of 4 and the 61-70 has 0 percent with rank 6.

This implies that majority of age was 31-40 years’ old which in this age more

motorcycle riders are using motorcycle and the lowest was 61-70 years’ old which

means that there no rider who rides a motorcycle in this age.

Table 2 presented the Gender of the Motorcycle Riders.

Gender No. of Respondents Percentage

Male 62 88.60%

Female 8 11.40%

Table 2 shows that the majority of respondents are male with a percentage of

88.60% who rides a motorcycle mostly and the female with having 11.40% who drive

less of the motorcycle in the study.

Table 3 presented the Educational Level of Motorcycle Riders.

Educational Level Percentage Rank

Elementary Level 0 8

Elementary Graduate 10% 5

High School Level 17.15% 3

High School Graduate 12.85% 4

20
 Senior High Level 2.85% 7

Senior High Graduate 5.75% 6

College Level 30% 1

College Graduate 21.40% 2

Table 3 shows that the Elementary Level has 0 percent of respondents

which is no motorcycle riders who is elementary level, the Elementary Graduate has

a percentage of 10% with the rank of 5 which means lowest percentage of

educational level which is elementary graduate and High School Level has a

percentage of 17.15% with the rank of 3 and High School Graduate has a percentage

of 12.85% with the rank of 4. The Senior High School Level has a percentage 2.85%

with the rank of 7, the Senior High Graduate has a percentage of 5.75% with the rank

of 6 and College Level has a percentage of 30% with the rank of 1 and the last is

College Graduate with a percentage of 21.40% as rank 2.

This implies that the majority of Educational Level is the College Level with a

percentage of 30% as the highest educational level of attainment which is more

motorcycle riders are college level and the Elementary Level as the lowest with a 0

percentage.

STANDARD PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE HELMETS

The standard protective motorcycle is the standard of helmet that should be

follow of the motorcycle riders.

Table 4 presented the awareness of the motorcycle riders of wearing

standard protective motorcycle helmet; its items, means and interpretation.

Items Mean Interpretation

1. Are you aware that there is a standard 4.49% Very Much Aware
protective helmet to use?

21
 2. Are you aware that you must use a standard 4.46% Very Much Aware
protective helmet?

3. Are you aware that the standard protective

helmet should have (PS) mark or Import 4.19% Highly Aware
Commodity Clearance (ICC) of the Bureau of
Product Standards (BPS)?

4. Are you aware that there is a law for the 4.53% Very Much Aware
standard protective helmet?

5. Are you aware that there are penalties for not 4.81% Very Much Aware
wearing a standard protected helmet?

Weighted Mean 4.43% Very Much Aware

Table 4 shows that the majority of awareness that they are much aware in the

item number 5 that there are penalties for not wearing a standard protective

motorcycle helmet that has the highest mean percentage of 4.81% which is very

much aware on the penalties to impose of not wearing a standard protective

motorcycle helmet and can have consequences if it will not follow. Followed by item

number 4 that they are aware that there is a law for the standard protective

motorcycle helmet with a mean of 4.53% that is very much aware which means that

more motorcycle riders are very much aware to the regulations about the law for the

standard protective motorcycle helmet and followed by item number 1 with mean of

4.49% that is very much aware that there is a standard protective motorcycle helmet

to use and the item number 2 that has a mean of 4.46% which is very much aware

that you must use a standard protective motorcycle helmet.

The lowest mean is the item number 3 with mean of 4.19% that is highly aware that

the standard protective motorcycle helmet should have (PS) mark or Import

Commodity Clearance (ICC) of the Bureau of Product Standards (BPS) meaning

most of the motorcycle riders have no ideas about the sticker that should be followed

and need to have in the standard protective motorcycle helmet.

22
 This implies that the majority of awareness is very much aware that “there

are penalties for not wearing a standard protective motorcycle helmet” meaning most

of the riders are very much aware to the rules and regulations impose to those who

are not wearing standard protective motorcycle helmet.

IMPORTANCE TO REDUCE FATALITY

The importance to reduce fatality is to be safe as a motorcycle rider by

wearing the standard protective helmet.

Table 5 presented the Importance to Reduce Fatality; its items, means

and interpretation.

Items Mean Interpretation

1. Are you aware that wearing a standard Very Much Aware
protective helmet is important for your safety 4.96%
and your back riders?
2. Are you aware that wearing standard 4.91% Very Much Aware
protective helmet can reduce your risk of head
injuries?

3. Are you aware that wearing standard Very Much Aware

protective helmet can save lives? 4.91%

4. Are you aware that wearing standard Very Much Aware

protecting helmet can reduce the risk of 4.93%
death?

Weighted Mean 4.93% Very Much Aware

Table 5 shows that the majority of awareness on the importance of reducing

fatality is the item number 1 that states that they are aware that wearing a standard

protective helmet is important for your safety and your back riders with a mean of

4.96% which is very much aware to statement meaning more of the motorcycle is

23
concern for their safety, followed by the item number 4 that they are aware that

wearing standard protecting helmet can reduce the risk of death with a mean of

4.93% which is very much aware to the statement wherein they are afraid to the

situation they don’t want to come. The item number 2 and 3 has mean 4.21% which

is very much aware that if they will not wear a standard protective motorcycle

helmets they know that it will affect head injuries if they will encounter accident. They

are very much aware that wearing motorcycle helmets can save lives.

This implies that the majority of awareness on the importance to reduce

fatality is very much aware that “wearing a standard protective helmet is important for

your safety and your back riders with a mean of 4.96% which is very much aware to

statement that more of the motorcycle riders is concern for their safety and to his or

her back rider.

24
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter present the summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendation

of the study.

Summary of Findings

On the profile of the respondents, the result or findings of this study in terms of

age, the majority of age was 31-40 years old with the highest percentage of 32.85%

which in this age more motorcycle riders are using motorcycle and in gender the

highest majority is the male with a percentage of 88.60% who rides a motorcycle

mostly. The majority of the educational level of the respondents is the college level

with the highest percentage of 30% as the highest educational level of attainment

which is more motorcycle riders are college level.

On the awareness of wearing standard protective motorcycle helmet the

findings on this study has the highest mean of 4.81% which is very much aware that

“there are penalties for not wearing a standard protective motorcycle helmet”

meaning most of the riders are very much aware to the rules and regulations impose

to those who are not wearing standard protective motorcycle helmet.

25
 On the awareness of the importance to reduce fatality the findings of the

study have the highest mean of 4.96% which is very much aware that wearing a

standard protective helmet is important for your safety and your back riders which is

very much aware to statement that more of the motorcycle riders is concern for their

safety and to his or her back rider.

Conclusion

Therefore, based on the objective it has been answered that the motorcycle

riders are very much aware on the awareness of wearing standard protective

motorcycle helmet in terms of using the standard protective helmet, should have (PS)

mark or Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) of the Bureau of Product Standards

(BPS), and the law and the penalties of not wearing a standard protective motorcycle

helmet which is there are violations to impose to those who is not following the

ordinance of the rules and regulations. The motorcycle riders are also aware on the

importance to reduce fatality in order to protect and reduce fatalities like the risk of

head injuries, the safety of the back riders and can save lives that can reduce risk of

death.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusion, the researchers hereby present the

following recommendation:

1. To strengthen the policies in terms of wearing standard protective motorcycle

helmets.

2. The LGU must have information–drive regarding the rules and regulations of

wearing a standard protective motorcycle helmet.

3. Motorcycle riders wear a standard protective motorcycle helmet to prevent from

violations and reduce fatalities.

26
4. The motorcycle riders must know that the standard protective helmet must have

(PS) mark or Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) of the Bureau of Product Standards

(BPS).

5. The back riders must also have a standard protective motorcycle helmet.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Batuhan, A (2010). Helmet Compliance: Condition of Habal-habal Drivers

in Metro Cebu. Retrieved December 5, 2021 from [Link]

Lawphil Project (2009). REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10054. Congress of

The Philippines. Republic Act No. 10054 Retrieved December 5,
2021 from ([Link])

Lleonag.J, Rose Valencia D.L. et al. (2017). Implementation of The No-

Helmet No-Travel Policy in Candon. Retrieved December 5, 2021
from Scribd Inc.

Milgram, S. (1964). Agentic State Theory. Explanations for Obedience.

Retrieved December 5,2021 from
[Link]
milgram-1974/

Mwakapasa, E.G (2011). Attitude Towards and Practice of Helmet Use

Among Commercial Motorcyclists in Dar Es Salaam Region,
Tanzania. Retrieved December 5, 2021 from [Link]

Pongyeela, A (2018). The Awareness and Behavior of Using Helmet of

Motorcycle Riders in Thailand. Retrieved December 5, 2021 from
International Journal of Management and Applied Science
(IJMAS), pp. 84-88, Volume-4, Issue-12

Rosenstock, H. (1963). The Health Belief Model. Retrieved December 5,

27
 2021 from [Link]

Stoker et al. (1998); Provan (2000); and Goggin, et al. (1990).

Systems Theory of Good Governance. Retrieved December 5, 2021
from[Link]
entation_Of_The_No-Helmet_No-Travel_Policy_In_Candon

Usman, B. A., & Abdulkadir, O. M. (2019). Usage of Crash Helmet Among

Commercial
Motorcyclists in Ilorin, Nigeria. Analele Universităţii din Oradea,
Seria Geografie, 29(2), 86-95. Retrieved December 5, 2021 from
[Link]

Variations of Milgram. (1963). Retrieved December 5, 2021 from

[Link]
obedience-variations-of-milgram-1963

28
 APPENDIX 1
LETTER TO MAYOR FRANCES ANN PETILLA

APPENDIX 2

29
LETTER TO RESPONDENTS

APPENDIX 3
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

30
 AWARENESS OF WEARING STANDARD PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE
HELMETS AMONG THE SELECTED MOTORCYCLE RIDERS IN THE
MUNICIPALITY OF PALO

“SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE”
Survey questionnaire on the Awareness of Wearing Standard Protective
Motorcycle Helmets Among the Selected Motorcycle Riders in the Municipality of
Palo

Part I: Socio-Demographic Profile of the Motorcycle Riders

Direction: Please check (√) the given information to determine your profile as
respondent.

NAME(OPTIONAL): ____________________________

AGE:
( ) 16-20 ( ) 21-30 ( ) 31-40 ( ) 41-50 ( ) 51-60 ( ) 61-70

GENDER: ( ) Male ( ) Female

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL:

Elementary Level

Elementary Graduate

High School Level

High School Graduate

Senior High Level

Senior High Graduate

College Level

College Graduate

Part II. Please check (√) the given information data given to determine your
level of awareness of the standard protective motorcycle helmets and
importance to reduce fatality.

SCALE INTERPRETATION

31
 5 Very Much Aware
4 Highly Aware
3 Moderately Aware
2 Slightly Aware
1 Not Aware
QUESTIONS LEVEL OF AWARENESS

STANDARD PROTECTIVE MOTORCYCLE HELMETS (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

1. Are you aware that there is a standard protective helmet to use?

( Maaram kaba na mayda sakto ngan protektado na helmet na
kailangan gamiton.)
2. Are you aware that you must use a standard protective helmet?
( Maaram kaba na kailangan mo gumamit hin sakto ngan
protektado na helmet.)

3. Are you aware that the standard protective helmet should have
(PS) mark or Import Commodity Clearance (ICC) of the Bureau of
Product Standards (BPS)?
( Maaram kaba na mayda sakto ngan protektado na helmet na
kailangan may tatak na PS o ICC tikang ha Bureau of Product
Standards )
4. Are you aware that there is a law for the standard protective
helmet?
( Maaram kaba na mayda balaud para ha sakto ngan protektado
na helmet)
5. Are you aware that there are penalties for not wearing a standard
protected helmet?
(Maaram kaba na mayda penalidad an dre pagsul-ot hin sakto
ngan protektado na helmet)

IMPORTANCE TO REDUCE FATALITY (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

1. Are you aware that wearing a standard protective helmet is

important for your safety and your back riders?
( Maaram kaba na an pagsul-ot han sakto ngan protektado na
helmet in may importansya para haimo kaupayan ngan han im
angkas)

2. Are you aware that wearing standard protective helmet can

reduce your risk of head injuries?
( Maaram kaba na an pagsul-ot han sakto ngan protektado na
helmet in makaka-iban ha kadelikaduhan ha disgrasya ha ulo)

3. Are you aware that wearing standard protective helmet can save
lives?
( Maaram kaba na an pagsul-ot han sakto ngan protektado na
helmet in makakatalwas hit kinabuhi)

32
4. Are you aware that wearing standard protecting helmet can
reduce the risk of death?
( Maaram kaba na an pagsul-ot han sakto ngan protektado na
helmet in makaka-iban ha kadelikaduhan ha kamatayun)

APPENDIX 4
PICTURES DURING THE SURVEY

33
 The group of researchers conducted this survey at the Metro Bank at the

Municipality of Palo, with the

respondents of this study and able to

answer the corresponding

questionnaire.

34
 The researchers conducted this survey at the Palo Public Market to the

Vendors who are motorcycle riders that response the questionnaire honestly.

The researchers conducted this survey at the Palo Public Market to the

motorcycle riders that is parking along the highway, the respondents willfully

cooperated to answer the questionnaire.

APPENDIX 5

LIST OF MEMBERS GROUP 8

BLOCK 89

Karen T. Cobacha

Amiel Ian Martija

Mike Nicko Susaya

35
 CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: Karen T. Cobacha

DATE OF BIRTH: October 29, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH: Palo, Leyte

PARENTS

FATHER: Benito Cobacha

36
MOTHER: Felly Cobacha

EDUCATION

ELEMENTARY: Brgy. Salvacion Elementary School

SECONDARY:

Junior High: Palo National High School

Senior High: San Joaquin National High School

TERTIARY: Visayas State University Tolosa Campus

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: Amiel Ian V. Martija

DATE OF BIRTH: June 21, 1998

PLACE OF BIRTH: San Miguel, Leyte

PARENTS

FATHER: Romeo L. Martija

37
MOTHER: Angeles V. Martija

EDUCATION

ELEMENTARY: San Miguel Central School

SECONDARY:

Junior High: San Miguel National High School

Senior High: San Miguel National High School

TERTIARY: Visayas State University Tolosa Campus

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: Mike Nicko G. Susaya

DATE OF BIRTH: April 17, 2000
PLACE OF BIRTH: Brgy. Aslum, Alangalang Leyte

PARENTS

FATHER: Nestor T. Susaya

MOTHER: Marissa G. Susaya

38
EDUCATION

ELEMENTARY: Brgy. Pepita Elementary School

SECONDARY:
Junior High: Alang alang National High School

Senior High: Alang alang Integrated Senior High School

TERTIARY: Visayas State University Tolosa Campus

39