2

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions [40 marks]

1 The prefixes nano (n), micro (μ) and pico (p) are often used with units.

Which row shows their correct values?

n µ p
A 10-6 10-9 10-12
B 10-6 10-12 10-9
C 10-9 10-6 10-12
D 10-12 10-9 10-6

2 A student determines the circumference of a ping pong ball.

Which instrument gives a reading that is the circumference of the ping pong ball?

A calipers B micrometer C rule D tape

3 Which property of a body resists change from a state of rest or of motion?

A density B mass C volume D weight

4 The level of water in a measuring cylinder is 85 cm3. A stone of volume 10 cm3 is

lowered into the water.

What is the new reading of the water level?

A 20 cm3 B 55 cm3 C 75 cm3 D 95 cm3

5 The diagram shows the height of a stack of identical coins.

3.0 cm

What is the thickness of one coin?

A 0.20 mm B 2.5 mm C 0.22 cm D 2.0 cm

 3

6 Four balls with different masses are dropped from the heights shown.

Air resistance may be ignored.

Which statement about the balls is correct?

A Ball P has the greatest acceleration.

B Balls Q and R take the same time to fall to the ground.

C The acceleration of ball R is half the acceleration of ball P.

D Ball S has the greatest average speed.

7 A free-fall skydiver jumps from a plane. As he falls there is a force acting upwards and a
force acting downwards on his body. These produce a resultant force.

Before he reaches terminal velocity, how do the sizes of the forces change?

downward force upward force resultant force

A decreases decreases stays the same
B increases stays the same decreases
C stays the same increases decreases
D stays the same increases increases
 4

8 The speed-time graph represents a short journey.

Which distance-time graph represents the same journey?

9 A ball of mass 0.16 kg is moving forwards at a speed of 50 cm/s. A second ball of mass
0.10 kg is stationary. The first ball strikes the second ball. The second ball moves
forwards at a speed of 50 cm/s.

What is the speed of the first ball after the collision?

A 0.0 m/s B 0.19 m/s C 0.31 m/s D 0.50 m/s

0.16x0.5 = 0.16xV1 + 0.1x0.5

 5

10 Forces of 4.0 N and 2.0 N act at a point.

Which diagram shows the forces that have a possible value of resultant force of 4.0 N?

11 The graph shows extension-load curves for four fibres.

Which fibre is the most difficult to stretch over the range of loads shown?

12 A student cycles along a level road at a speed of 5.0 m/s.

The total mass of the student and bicycle is 120 kg.
The student applies the brakes and stops. The braking distance is 10 m.

What is the average braking force?

A 150 N B 300 N C 15 000 N D 30 000 N

KE= 1/2 x 120 x 5 square = 1500J

Work done = energy transferred
F x d= 1500
F x 10= 1500
F= 150N
 6

13 Two objects X and Y are suspended from a uniform rod, pivoted at its centre.
The rod is in equilibrium.
14 cm 35 cm

Which statement about X and Y is correct?

A The mass of X is 0.4 times the mass of Y.

Y x 35= X x 14
B The mass of X is 2.5 times the mass of Y. X/Y = 35/14 = 2.5
C The mass of X is 3.5 times the mass of Y.

D The mass of X is equal to the mass of Y.

14 An object is pivoted at point P. A student ties a length of string to a peg on the object. He
pulls the string with a force F.

Perpendicular

What is the moment of the force F about the point P?

A F×q B F×r C F×s D F×t

15 The diagrams show four solid cones. The centre of mass of each cone is marked by a
point labelled M.

Which cone is the most stable?

 7

16 Five blocks have the same mass but different base areas. They all rest on a horizontal
table.

A graph is plotted to show the relationship between the pressure exerted on the table and
the base area of the block.

Which graph shows this relationship?

17 The diagram shows a mercury manometer connected to a gas container.

80 cm

40 cm

The density of mercury is 14 000 kg/m3. The gravitational field strength g is 10 N/kg.

What is the pressure difference between the gas in the container and the atmosphere?

A 28 000 Pa B 42 000 Pa C 56 000 Pa D 84 000 Pa

P=pgh
= 14000 x 10 x 0.4 = 56000Pa
 8

18 Water of depth 10 m exerts a pressure equal to atmospheric pressure.

An air bubble rises to the surface of a lake which is 30 m deep. When the bubble
reaches the surface, its volume is 9.0 cm3.

What is the volume of the air bubble at the bottom of the lake?

A 2.0 cm3 B 3.0 cm3 C 12 cm3 D 18 cm3

19 A car is driven along a level road. The total energy input from the petrol is 80 kJ, and the
car wastes 60 kJ of energy.

What is the efficiency of the car?

A 15 % B 25 % C 45 % D 75 %

20 A builder lifts ten slabs from the ground on to the back of a lorry 2.0 m high.
The total time taken is 50 s and each slab weighs 200 N.

How much useful power does the builder produce?

A 80 W B 400 W C 2400 W D 3200 W

21 Which force does no work?

A the force from a car’s engine that causes the car to accelerate

B the force that causes a box to slide over a rough horizontal surface

C the force that causes a satellite to move in a circular orbit

D the force that causes a spring to stretch

22 An object has a mass of 500 kg.

It moves with a speed of 108 km/h.

What is its kinetic energy?

A 7.5 kJ B 15 kJ C 225 kJ D 450 kJ

 9

23 A pendulum bob swings along the path WXYZ and back again.
Resistive forces can be ignored.

Which statement describes the total energy of the bob?

A It has a maximum value at X.

B It has a maximum value at Y.

C It has a maximum value at Z.

D It has the same value at W, X, Y and Z.

24 The bulbs of the four thermometers shown all contain mercury.

Which thermometer is the most sensitive?

25 The resistance R of a wire increases uniformly with temperature. The values of R at the
fixed points are shown in the table.

300

What is the temperature when R = 180 Ω?

A 24 °C B 40 °C C 60 °C D 64 °C
 10

26 The thermal energy produced by an electric heater in three minutes is used to melt wax.
The wax is initially at its melting point of 60 °C.

The specific latent heat of the wax is 250 J/g. The heater supplies 8000 J of thermal
energy to the wax.

How much wax melts?

A 0.58 g B 1.7 g C 12 g D 32 g

27 Some of the liquid in a dish evaporates, as shown in the diagrams.

Which molecules leave the liquid and which molecules in the liquid have greater average
kinetic energy?

molecules in the liquid have greater average

molecules that leave have
kinetic energy
A high energy before evaporation
B high energy after evaporation
C low energy before evaporation
D low energy after evaporation

28 Equal masses of copper and water are heated to the same temperature. As they cool
down, the copper and the water lose thermal energy at the same rate.

The temperature of the copper falls faster.

Why is this?

A Copper has a larger specific heat capacity.

B Copper has a larger specific latent heat.

C Copper has a smaller specific heat capacity.

D Copper has a smaller specific latent heat.

 11

29 A metal box has four different surfaces; dull black, shiny black, dull silver and shiny
silver.

The box is filled with boiling water so that each surface is at the same temperature.
A sensor measures the amount of radiation from each surface.

Which surface emits the least radiation and which surface emits the most radiation?

least most
A dull black shiny silver
B dull silver shiny black
C shiny black dull silver
D shiny silver dull black

30 Which statement about waves is correct?

A All electromagnetic waves are transverse waves.

B All transverse waves travel at 300 000 000 m/s.

C Longitudinal waves cannot be refracted.

D Water waves are longitudinal waves.

31 A wave passes through a gap and diffraction causes the wave to spread out.
Which wave spreads out the most?

A large wavelength through a gap slightly larger than the wavelength

B large wavelength through a gap much smaller than the wavelength

C small wavelength through a gap much larger than the wavelength

D small wavelength through a gap much smaller than the wavelength

 12

32 Both the amplitude and the frequency of a sound wave decrease.

What happens to the sound heard?

A The sound is louder and has a higher pitch.

B The sound is louder and has a lower pitch.

C The sound is quieter and has a higher pitch.

D The sound is quieter and has a lower pitch.

33 The diagram represents plane wavefronts of a water wave about to strike a solid barrier.

Which diagram shows the position of the wavefronts after reflection at the barrier?
 13

34 A communications system uses microwaves with a wavelength of 15 cm.

What is the frequency of the microwaves?

A 2.0 × 107 Hz B 4.5 × 107 Hz C 2.0 × 109 Hz D 4.5 × 109 Hz

35 The diagram shows two divergent rays of light from an object O being reflected from a
plane mirror.

At which position is the image formed?

36 A ray of light is incident on the surface of a glass block, as shown in the diagram below.

The refractive index of the glass is 1.5.

The light ray changes direction when entering the glass.

What is the angle x through which the ray moves?

A 30° B 28° C 17° D 15°

37 Which statement about blue light is correct?

A Blue light has a smaller frequency than red light.

B Blue light has a longer wavelength than red light.

C Blue light has the same speed in glass as red light.

D Blue light is refracted more by a glass prism than red light.

 14

38 The ray diagrams, X and Y, show two ways in which a thin converging lens produces an
image that is larger than the object.

Which devices use a lens as shown in diagram X and in diagram Y?

X Y
A camera magnifying glass
B magnifying glass projector
C photographic enlarger camera
D photographic enlarger projector

39 A sound wave travels through air. The lines in the diagram show the positions of layers
of air at one particular time.

Which distance shows the wavelength of the wave?

40 The diagram shows the electromagnetic spectrum with three components named. The
spectrum is in order from long wavelength to short wavelength.

Which component of the spectrum is used in a sunbed to produce a suntan?

 15

SECTION B: STRUCTURED QUESTIONS [60 marks]

1 A student is given the following apparatus in order to find the density of a piece of rock.

100 g mass, metre rule, suitable pivot on which the rule will balance, measuring cylinder
that is big enough for the piece of rock to fit inside, cotton and water.

The rock has a mass of approximately 80 g.

(a) (i) In the space below, draw a labelled diagram of apparatus from this list set up so
that the student is able to find the mass of the piece of rock. [2]

(ii) State the readings the student should take and how these would be used to find
the mass of the rock.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………….…………………………………………….. [2]

(b) Describe how the volume of the rock could be found.

.……………………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
 16

(c) The mass of the rock is 80 g and its volume is 20 cm3.

Calculate the density of the rock.

density of rock = .............................. [2]

[Total : 9]

2 Fig. 2.1 is the speed-time graph for a racing car of total mass 1500 kg as it sets off from
rest at the start of a race.

Fig. 2.1

The car travels in a straight line until time t = 7.0 s.

(a) State the speed of the car at time t = 7.0 s.

speed = ....................................................... [1]

 17

(b) Calculate, for the car between times t = 0 and t = 7.0 s,

(i) the distance travelled,

distance = .................................................... [2]

(ii) the resultant force acting on the car.

force = ......................................................... [3]

(c) The acceleration of the car is constant between t = 0 and t = 9.0 s.

Suggest and explain why the driving force on the car must increase to keep the
acceleration constant.

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... [3]

(d) After t = 9.0 s, the car starts to turn a corner and follows a circular path at constant
speed.

(i) Explain why the car is accelerating even though its speed is constant.

.............................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) State the direction of this acceleration.

...................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 12]
 18

3 Fig. 3.1 shows apparatus used to investigate the turning effect of a force.

40 cm

60 cm
6.0 N

Fig. 3.1

The uniform metre rule is freely pivoted at its centre.

The newton meter is 40 cm from the pivot and a 6.0 N weight is 60 cm from the pivot.
The metre rule is in equilibrium.

(a) State the conditions for a body to be in equilibrium.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Calculate the reading on the newton meter.

reading = ................................................ [2]

[Total: 4]
 19

4 (a) A manufacturer of car tyres estimates that the area of a car tyre in contact with the
road is about the same as the area ‘X’ of a person’s shoe in contact with the
ground. The car mass is 1200 kg while the person mass is 60 kg

(i) Calculate the pressure of the person and the car on the ground interms of X. Take
a note that a person has 2 feet and a car has 4 tyres.

Pressure from person= ………………………. Pa [1]

Pressure from car = ……………………….Pa [1]

(ii) Calculate the ratio between the pressure from the person compare to the pressure
from the car

Ratio= ………………………….. [1]

(b) Suggest why it might be a good idea to reduce the pressure of the air in car tyres if
the car is to be driven over soft sand or over snow.

..................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

5 A student wishes to work out how much power he uses to lift his body when climbing a
flight of stairs.
His body mass is 90 kg and the vertical height of the stairs is 6.0 m.
He takes 16 s to walk up the stairs.

(a) Calculate

(i) the work done in raising his body mass as he climbs the stairs,

work = ................................................ [2]

 20

(ii) the output power he develops when raising his body mass.

power = ................................................ [2]

(b) At the top of the stairs he has gravitational potential energy. Before climbing the
flight of stairs, the student ate 700 g of chocolate.

If 100 g of chocolate provides 2700 J of energy, what is the efficiency of student’s

body in converting the energy from chocolate to useful work?

efficiency = .................................... [3]

[Total: 7]
 21

6 Fig. 6.1 is a full-scale drawing of a small aluminium bar.

The bar is placed in a small furnace. Fig. 6.2 shows how the temperature of the bar
varies with time t.

(a) State what happens to the bar between t = 600 s and 1000 s.

....................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Explain what effect the energy supplied to the bar has on its molecules between

t = 0 and 1000 s.

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]
 22

(c) The mass of the bar is 30 g and the specific heat capacity of aluminium is

880 J/(kg °C). Calculate the energy supplied to the bar between t = 0 and 600 s.

energy = .............................................. [3]

(d) Between t = 600 s and 1000 s the furnace supplies 30 joules of energy per second
to the bar. Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of aluminium.

specific latent heat of fusion = .............................................. [3]

[Total : 9]
 23

7 Fig. 7.1 shows a girl standing a few hundred metres in front of a large building.

Fig. 7.1 (not to scale)

The girl uses a signal generator and a loudspeaker to send a short pulse of sound
towards the building. The sound has a frequency of 3000 Hz.

A short time later, the girl hears an echo.

(a) State what is meant by the term echo.

.......................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The pitch of the echo is the same as that of the original sound but the echo is not as
loud.

State what has happened to

(i) the amplitude of the sound wave,

........................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the frequency of the sound wave.

........................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The speed of sound in air is 330 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of this sound.

wavelength = ...........................................................[2]

[Total:5]
 24

8 (a) An object is placed in front of a converging lens. A real image is formed, as shown in
Fig. 8.1. The converging lens is not shown.

Fig. 8.1

(i) Rays of light from point A on the object form point B on the image.

On Fig. 8.1, draw

1. a ray to find the position of the converging lens, showing the lens as a vertical
straight line in this position,

2. a ray to find the position of a principal focus of the lens, marking this position F,

3. a third possible ray from A to B. [3]

(ii) The distance between the object and the lens is increased. State any changes which
take place in

1. the distance of the image from the lens,

...............................................................................................................................

2. the size of the image.

. ......................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total:5]
 25

9 Fig. 9.1 shows a ray of light, travelling in air, incident on a glass prism.

Fig. 9.1

(a) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s. Its speed in the glass is 2.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the refractive index of the glass.

refractive index = ...........................................................[2]

(b) Show that the critical angle for the glass-air boundary is 42°.

[1]

(c) On Fig. 9.1, draw carefully, without calculation, the continuation of the ray through
the prism and into the air. [2]

[Total:5]

END OF QUESTIONS
26