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Storm Water Drainage System Standards

This document provides standards for storm water drainage systems. It references standards from the American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for materials like reinforced concrete pipes. It outlines design requirements such as calculating time of concentration using a formula from the Federal Aviation Administration, setting a 5-year storm return frequency, and using rainfall intensity data from another standard. It also provides formulas for determining runoff quantity and velocity in storm drain pipes and open channels.

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Xue Dong
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145 views7 pages

Storm Water Drainage System Standards

This document provides standards for storm water drainage systems. It references standards from the American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for materials like reinforced concrete pipes. It outlines design requirements such as calculating time of concentration using a formula from the Federal Aviation Administration, setting a 5-year storm return frequency, and using rainfall intensity data from another standard. It also provides formulas for determining runoff quantity and velocity in storm drain pipes and open channels.

Uploaded by

Xue Dong
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Document Responsibility: Civil Standards Committee SAES-S-030

Issue Date: 16 March 2011


Next Planned Update: 5 July 2014 Storm Water Drainage Systems

American Society for Testing & Materials


ASTM C76M Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and
Sewer Pipe (Metric)
ASTM C443 Joints for Circular Pipe and Manholes, Using
Rubber Gaskets
ASTM C14 Standard Specification for Non-reinforced
Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Federal Highway Administration


FHWA HDS No. 5 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts

4 Design

4.1 General

4.1.1 Storm water drainage shall be designed to protect all buildings, roads,
equipment, structures, and pipeways and to minimize erosion of soils.

4.1.2 Surface drainage from unpaved areas shall not drain over paved areas.

4.2 Time of Concentration

4.2.1 The initial time of concentration (Tc) for drainage area shall be
determined from FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) formula:

3.26 (1.1 - C) (L)1/2


Tc  (1)
(S) 1/3
Where:
Tc = Time of concentration (surface flow time) in minutes.
C = The runoff coefficient Table 1
L = Distance to the most remote point (m).
S = Slope (%).
Commentary Note:

1% will be inputted in the formula as 1.00.

Page 4 of 10
Document Responsibility: Civil Standards Committee SAES-S-030
Issue Date: 16 March 2011
Next Planned Update: 5 July 2014 Storm Water Drainage Systems

4.2.2 The Tc(i) of different ground character or land use within a drainage
subarea shall be calculated separately and adjusted to arrive at the
initial Tc for the entire sub-area.

4.2.3 The Tc from drainage junction to junction shall be cumulative as:

Tc(2) = (1) + travel time in a storm drain pipe or open channel from
junction to junction.

4.2.4 The Tc used for the calculation of the quantity of runoff shall be not
less than 10 minutes. In the event that the actual initial Tc is less than
10 minutes, then a 10 minute Tc shall be used until the Tc as calculated
per Section 4.2.1 exceeds 10 minutes.

4.3 Storm Return Frequency

The storm return frequencies for Saudi Aramco facilities and types of drainage
systems shall be 5 years.

4.4 Rainfall Intensity

The rainfall intensity (I) in millimeters per hour, for the determined time of Tc
and the specified return frequency shall be calculated in accordance with
SAES-A-112 Note 3.

The data in SAES-A-112 shall be taken as a minimum. Site specific data that
exceed SAES-A-112 shall be used if available.

4.5 Runoff Quantity

4.5.1 The runoff coefficient shall be adjusted for each drainage area
according to the character of the land use or ground.

4.5.2 The runoff quantity for each drainage area shall be determined by the
use of the rational formulae:

Drainage area is less than or equal to 81 hectares (200 acres).

Q = 0.002755 * C * I * A (2)
Commentary Note:

Drainage area more than 81 hectares (200 acres) should be divided


into smaller parcels less than 81 hectares each and the runoff quantity
is calculated separately. For more information about the limitations of
the rational formula, the reader is referred to ASCE 77 Design and
Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems.

Page 5 of 10
Document Responsibility: Civil Standards Committee SAES-S-030
Issue Date: 16 March 2011
Next Planned Update: 5 July 2014 Storm Water Drainage Systems

Where:
Q = Runoff quantity in cubic meters per second.
C = Runoff coefficient from Table 1 of this Standard.
I = Rainfall intensity in millimeters per hour in accordance
with SAES-A-112 for duration equal to time of
concentration.
A = Drainage area in hectares.

Table 1 – Runoff Coefficient

Character of Drainage Area C


Pavement, roads and parking lots 0.9
Compacted marl or open rocky areas 0.8
Commercial or Community Services areas 0.7
Residential areas 0.6
School sites 0.5
Parks and open sandy areas 0.3

4.5.3 Where two drainage systems join as a single system and the Tc for the
two systems are not equal, the downstream flow quantity shall be
determined from the following formula:

I(1)
Q(3)  Q(1)  Q(2) x (4)
I(2)
Where:
Q(1) = Runoff quantity from area with the greater Tc.
Q(2) = Runoff quantity from area with the lesser Tc.
Q(3) = Downstream runoff flow quantity.
I(1) = Rainfall intensity in accordance with SAES-A-112, for
area with the greater Tc.
I(2) = Rainfall intensity in accordance with SAES-A-112, for
area with the lesser Tc.

Page 6 of 10
Document Responsibility: Civil Standards Committee SAES-S-030
Issue Date: 16 March 2011
Next Planned Update: 5 July 2014 Storm Water Drainage Systems

4.6 Storm Drain Pipe, Culverts and Open Channel Flow

4.6.1 Storm drain pipe and open channel flow velocities shall be determined
from the Manning formula:

(r 2/3 ) * (s0.5 )
V  (5)
n
Where:
V = Average velocity in meters per second.
r = Hydraulic radius (cross-sectional area divided by the wetted
perimeter) in meters.
s = Hydraulic slope (slope of the pipe or channel) in meters per
meter.
n = Roughness coefficient of pipe or channel, given in Table 2
below.

Table 2 – Roughness Coefficient

Surface n
Vitrified clay or RTR pipe 0.013
Concrete or steel pipe 0.015
Paved streets with curb and gutter 0.015
Concrete lined open channels and box culverts 0.016
Constructed open channels with concrete side slopes 0.019
Constructed open channels with earth side slopes 0.023
Constructed open channels with rip-rap side slopes 0.027
Smooth natural stream channels 0.040
Rough or rocky natural stream channels 0.050

4.6.2 Culverts should be designed in accordance with FHWA Hydraulic


Design of Highway Culverts.

4.6.3 The flow velocity in a storm drain, pipe, culvert, or a fully lined open
channel shall be not less than 0.9 m/s or more than 3 m/s at peak flow.

4.6.4 The flow velocity shall not be more than 0.76 m/s in constructed open
channels without side slope protection, and not more than 1.52 m/s in
constructed channels with rip-rap or concrete side slopes.

Page 7 of 10
Document Responsibility: Civil Standards Committee SAES-S-030
Issue Date: 16 March 2011
Next Planned Update: 5 July 2014 Storm Water Drainage Systems

4.6.5 Piping design flow depth shall not exceed 2/3 of the pipe diameter.
Box culverts shall be designed at no less than 50% greater than
required by hydraulic calculation.

4.6.6 The minimum diameter of a storm drain pipe (except building


connections) or road crossing culvert shall be 300 mm. Branch lines to
individual drain inlets shall not be smaller than 200 mm.

4.6.7 The ends of road crossing culverts and the exit of storm drains at an
open channel shall have concrete headwalls. The headwalls, as well as
the ends of concrete box culverts, shall have a cut-off wall at the
entrance or exit lip of not less than 0.6 m below the channel invert.

4.6.8 The maximum spacing between drainage inlets should not exceed 90 m.

4.6.9 Manholes are required at the following locations:


a) At changes of horizontal or vertical direction of storm drain pipes.
b) Maximum Spacing of manholes shall be 60 m for sewers less
than or equal to 300 mm in diameter and 150 m for sewers larger
than 300 mm in diameter.

4.6.10 Storm drain manholes shall have a minimum inside diameters:

[Link] 1.2 m for straight run manholes with a pipe diameter size of
600 mm or less.

[Link] 1.8 m for straight run manholes for pipes larger than 600 mm
diameter.

[Link] 1.8 m for junction manholes.

4.6.11 Lift stations shall be in accordance with SAES-S-010 with the


exception that stand-by pumps and alarms are not required.
Commentary Note:

The need for stand-by pumps and alarms shall be determined by the
project's risk tolerance for flooding.

4.6.12 Minimum ground cover for piping shall be in accordance with


Section 9.12 of SAES-S-070.

4.7 Considerations for Existing Facilities

4.7.1 Existing systems to which new systems will connect shall be reviewed
to verify service compatibility and to ensure that sufficient capacity is

Page 8 of 10
Document Responsibility: Civil Standards Committee SAES-S-030
Issue Date: 16 March 2011
Next Planned Update: 5 July 2014 Storm Water Drainage Systems

available to accept the additional flow, unless Saudi Aramco has


provided a written notice that the downstream system can
accommodate the additional flow.

4.7.2 If construction of new storm drainage systems interfere with existing


drainage systems, satisfactory temporary bypass facilities shall be
provided.

4.7.3 Open ends of existing storm drainage pipes that are cut or abandoned
in place shall be securely closed with a plug or wall of concrete having
a minimum thickness of 3 pipe diameters.

4.8 All storm drain systems shall be identified on plant drawings in accordance with
SAES-A-100. Locations (coordinates) and elevations shall be shown in the
drawings.

4.9 Catch Basins

Catch basins shall be as described in SAES-S-020 Section 4.9.

4.10 Cleanouts

Cleanouts shall be as described in SAES-S-020 Section 4.11.

5 Materials and Installation

5.1 Materials

5.1.1 Following are the acceptable materials for storm drainage piping:
a) The materials listed in Section 6.1 of SAES-S-010 are acceptable
for storm drainage piping.
b) Reinforced concrete pipe, ASTM C76M Class III, Wall B, for
pipes 300 mm and larger. Joints shall be sealed using
elastomeric "O" rings according to ASTM C443 unless otherwise
noted in project specification.
c) Concrete pipe 250 mm and smaller shall be in accordance with
ASTM C14 Class III non-reinforced, bell and spigot, or tongue
and groove sewer pipe.

5.1.2 Reinforced concrete pipe in direct contact with earth shall be coated with
two coats of coal tar or bitumen coating that conforms to SAES-H-101.

5.1.3 Rip-rap shall be solid stone or concrete measuring at least 300 mm in


all dimensions as per Standard Drawing AE-036470.

Page 9 of 10
Document Responsibility: Civil Standards Committee SAES-S-030
Issue Date: 16 March 2011
Next Planned Update: 5 July 2014 Storm Water Drainage Systems

5.2 Installation

5.2.1 Storm drains shall be installed in accordance with SAES-S-070.


The piping not covered in SAES-S-070 shall be installed in accordance
with the pipe manufacturer's recommendations.

5.2.2 Concrete structures (except reinforced concrete pipe) shall be in


accordance with SAES-Q-001.

5.2.3 Rip-rap shall be hand laid to provide a tight fit between the individual
pieces. The rip-rap shall be solid grouted for a distance of not less than
3 m upstream and downstream of concrete box culverts and along the
outside face of all curves plus 3 m upstream and downstream of the
curve tangent points. The grout shall be in accordance with
SAES-Q-010.

5.3 Testing

The hydrostatic testing of exclusive storm water drainage systems, as specified


in Section 18 of SAES-S-070, is not applicable as far as this standard is
concerned.

Revision Summary
5 July 2009 Revised the "Next Planned Update". Reaffirmed the contents of the document, and reissued
with minor changes.
16 March 2011 Minor revision for update and clarifications.

Page 10 of 10

Common questions

Powered by AI

Design requirements stipulate that flow velocity within storm drains, pipes, and culverts must not be less than 0.9 m/s or exceed 3 m/s to ensure self-cleaning velocity while preventing erosion and damage . For constructed open channels without side slope protection, velocity should stay below 0.76 m/s, but can go up to 1.52 m/s with rip-rap or concrete side slopes, balancing efficiency and erosion control .

Stormwater drainage systems must be designed to protect all buildings, roads, equipment, structures, and pipeways while minimizing soil erosion. This includes ensuring that surface drainage from unpaved areas does not drain over paved areas, which would otherwise lead to surface weakening and erosion .

Concrete headwalls and cut-off walls at the ends of road-crossing culverts and storm drains prevent soil erosion and structural damage by stabilizing entry and exit points. They must extend at least 0.6 meters below the channel invert to provide adequate reinforcement and erosion control .

Manholes are essential for accessing storm drainage systems for maintenance and inspection. They must be placed at every change in horizontal or vertical pipe direction and at specified intervals based on pipe diameter—every 60 meters for pipes 300 mm or smaller, and up to 150 meters for larger pipes. These criteria facilitate efficient drainage system management and prevent potential blockages or failures .

To prevent overflow and maintain structural integrity, the design flow depth must not exceed two-thirds of the pipe diameter. The minimum diameter for primary storm drainage pipes is 300 mm, and branch lines to inlets must be at least 200 mm to ensure adequate flow capacity and prevent blockages .

Materials for storm drainage piping include ASTM C76M Class III reinforced concrete for pipes 300 mm and larger, and ASTM C14 Class III non-reinforced concrete for smaller pipes, based on load and exposure conditions. Selection considers durability, load-bearing capacity, and environmental compatibility, like coating requirements for pipes in contact with the earth .

Runoff coefficients vary by land use to reflect how much rainfall turns into runoff; they are higher for impervious surfaces such as pavements (0.9) and lower for permeable surfaces like parks (0.3). This coefficient is crucial in the rational formula for determining runoff quantities, shaping the design and capacity of drainage systems to prevent flooding .

For drainage areas exceeding 81 hectares, they should be divided into parcels less than 81 hectares each before calculating runoff quantities separately. This ensures accuracy and manageability, as larger areas may introduce significant variability in factors like topography and land use, affecting runoff calculations .

The 'time of concentration' (Tc) is calculated using the formula: Tc = 3.26 * ((L/C)^0.5) * (1/S)^0.33, where L is the distance to the most remote point, S is the slope, and C is the runoff coefficient. The Tc is critical for determining the rainfall intensity that should be applied to the rational formula for calculating runoff, as it reflects how quickly the drainage area responds to rainfall .

Integration requires reviewing existing systems for compatibility and capacity to handle additional flow. If construction affects existing system performance, temporary bypass facilities are necessary. Abandoned or open pipe ends must be securely closed to prevent environmental hazards .

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