Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
This chapter presents the research methodology with the research design,
population and sample size, sampling technique, description of respondents, and
instrumentation including data gathering procedures and statistical treatment of
data.
Research Method
The method of research that will be employed in this study is descriptive
method and the documentary analysis. According to Gay (2000), descriptive
method involves the collection of data in order to test hypothesis and to fully
describe the level of operational capability of Taguig City Police Station Scene of
the Crime Operatives with the end of view to serve as a basis for an enhanced its
operation. This particular method and technique will be chosen because it allowed
quantitative and qualitative description of current status, traits, nature and
characteristics of the respondents. It also described and presented both factual
and practical information that were used to evaluate conditions. Further, it also
revealed significant differences of the conditions under study.
For purposes of clear understanding, descriptive method is used to obtain
information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe “what
exist” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. The methods involved
range from the survey which describes the status quo, the correlation study which
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which
seek to determine changes over time. Descriptive research answers the questions
who, what, where, and how.
The objective of descriptive method of research is to gather information
about the current condition, its emphasis is to describe the present existing
situations rather than to judge or interpret (Creswell, 2009).
Descriptive method also attempts to accurately describe or characterize an
individual or group’s attitudes, behaviors or characteristics. In other words, it may
be defined as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, and
tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends
and cause and effect relationships and then making adequate and accurate
interpretation about such data with the aid of statistical method.
Population and Sampling Scheme
The researcher will be floats one hundred sixty-six (166) survey
questionnaires to the three (3) groups of respondents. Fifteen (15) Taguig SOCO
personnel as the first group of respondents, and the second groups of respondents
are fifty-one (51) TCPS investigator it includes both commission and non-
commission officers and the last group of respondents is composed of one
hundred (100) selected BPATs personnel of different Barangays in Taguig City.
The survey questionnaires are composed of respondents’ profile presented in
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
terms of age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment and designation
will be presented in the next chapter.
The total group of respondents has an actual strength of one sixty-six (166)
as representatives of this study.
Instrumentation
The study will be utilizing the primary and secondary sources of data. The
primary source of data came from the actual responses of the three-groups of
respondents. The researcher will distribute a questionnaire to the fifteen (15)
Taguig SOCO personnel and fifty (51) TCPS investigators the researcher will be
use purposive sampling technique to the both respondents and to the last group of
respondents, the one hundred (100) BPATs personnel of different Barangays of
Taguig City the researcher will use simple random sampling technique.
The researcher will gather all the necessary materials in order to make a
rough draft of the questionnaires. These includes books with regards to the
methods in dealing with crime scene operation as well as journals, magazines,
newspapers, and articles from the internet that are related to the study. The
researcher will also interview some individuals to find out what are their initial
perspectives on the capabilities of Taguig SOCO unit to enhance its operation.
After the development of the rough drafts, pre-test will make to five (5) top
ranking PNP officials of Taguig City Police Station the questionnaires by
eliminating the redundant questions and inconsistencies in the instrument.
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
Criticisms of the persons who participated in dry-run will be secured before the
rough drafts are finalized. The five (5) top-ranking PNP officials who will be
participated in the dry-run/ try out/pre-test of the questionnaires will not be include
among the actual respondents. The final drafts then will be reproduced.
Afterwards, the researcher will be secure permit from the Chief of Police,
Taguig City Police Station before distributing the drafts of the questionnaires to
Taguig SOCO personnel, TCPS investigator and BPATs personnel
The questionnaire composed of two parts: part one indicates the personal
information of the respondents like their age, sex, designation, civil status, and
highest educational attainment. The last part is about the capabilities, problems
encountered in the operation Taguig SOCO unit. The questions will be consisted of
the following:
The perception of the respondents to the level of capabilities of Taguig
SOCO unit, the problems or issues and concerns encountered on the extent of
implementation of the said unit and the proposed measure to enhanced the
operation aforesaid unit. These statements of the problem are keys in designing
and formulating questions used for the questionnaires and interviews in gathering
information.
The secondary data consisted of collections of information that includes
reference such as number of SOCO personnel assigned in Taguig City Police
Station and publications which have bearing on the study, and other sources of
data gathered through survey and research data.
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
The researcher also used mathematical and statistical tools in order to
interpret the data gathered from the survey questionnaire responses. The Four
Point Scale is particularly use by the researcher, such as for the level of
implementation, issues and concerns and proposed measures in order to measure
the levels of respondent’s perception.
Validation of Instrument
The content of the validity of the research instruments will be used is
ensured by consulting the researcher adviser and research professor as well as
the Dean of the Graduate School for the constructed instruments to show for the
content and meaning of the questionnaire if it is applicable to float. Correctness of
form or structure, which render the data gathered valid for statistical analysis and
validated by a professional statistician.
Data Gathering Procedures
Questionnaire. After the approval by the Chief of Taguig City Police
Station to administer the questionnaires, the researcher purposively distributed
the questionnaires based on the Rooster of Troops of the aforementioned station
and based on the data gathered. Some, of the questionnaires, however, will be
distributed through the help of personnel departments of the said first group of
respondents.
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
The researcher will be administered the questionnaire depending on the
availability and convenience on the part of the group of respondents.
The questionnaires will be coded to identify the respondents participated in
the study. This aided in the speedy retrieval of the floated questionnaires. The
researcher made use of the questionnaire as the primary research instrument
complemented by the personal interview and personal knowledge of the
researcher. Specifically, Part 1 dealt with the personal profile of the respondents
like their age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment and designation.
The second part will be focused on the level of capability Taguig SOCO unit
in terms of Personnel, Equipment, Budget and Coordination to other law
enforcement.
The third part will be dealing with the problems encountered on the
capabilities of Taguig SOCO unit.
The last part is about the proposed measures to assess the Taguig SOCO
unit which is the focal point or objectives of the study. The questions composed of
the following: the perception of the respondents on the participation of SOCO unit
the problems encountered and the suggested proposal for operational
enhancement.
The results will be tallied and tabulated according to the items checked by
the participants. The percentages of the number of checks for each item will be
taken.
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
Document Analysis. Review of documents pertaining or printed materials
which are relevant on the assessment on the level of operational capability of
SOCO unit of Taguig City Police Station, the researcher will be included references
such as records of activity being conducted by Taguig SOCO unit and publications
which has bearing to the study, and other sources of data gathered through survey
and research.
Interview technique, in gathering additional data and information will be
used. The researcher conducted unstructured interview to the first group of
respondents which since they are the best persons to objectively determine the
level of operational capability of SOCO unit of Taguig City Police Station.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The quantitative data obtained through the conduct of survey will be analyze
and evaluate using the following statistical treatments:
Frequency. This was utilized to determine the actual number of responses
to specific questions or items in the questionnaire.
Percentage. The percentage formula was used to analyze and evaluate the
data on the profile of the respondents according to each description.
Following is the percentage formula:
F
P= _______ x 100
N
Where:
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
F = number of responses under a particular category
N = number of respondents
100 = constant factor
P = Percentage
The Average Weighted Mean (AWM) was used to determine the central tendency
in relation to the assessment of the respondents on issues that focused in the
study. The AWM refers to the accumulated responses which determined the
corresponding weight using the formula below:
WM = ∑ fx
N
Where:
WM = weighted mean
∑ = summation of all scores
f = frequency obtained from the number of responses
x = weight of each value scale
N = total number of respondents
Larson SD 2008, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pioneered by Sir Ronald Fisher is
a statistical technique to analyze variation in a response variable (continuous
random variable) measured under conditions defined by discreet factors
(classification variables, often with nominal levels. Frequently ANOVA is used to
test the quality among by several means by comparing variance among groups
relative to variance within groups (random error).
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
ANOVA. One-way Analysis of Variance among and between groups or the
F-Test was used for testing the significance of the difference on the assessment of
the two groups of respondents
Formula:
F = MSSB_
MSSW
Where:
F = Anova
M = mean
SS = sum square
B = between
W = within
Likert Scale. The researcher used the Likert Scale in rating the responses of
the three groups of respondents. The verbal interpretations and numerical mean
ranges as follows:
Descriptive/Verbal Rating Point Value Mean Scale
Highly Implemented (HI) 4 3.50 – 4.00
Implemented (I) 3 2.50 – 3.49
Less Implemented (LI) 2 1.50 – 2.49
Not Implemented (NI) 1 1.00 – 1.49
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
For addressing the issues and concerns the verbal interpretations and
numerical mean ranges as follows:
Descriptive/Verbal Rating Point Value Mean Scale
Very Serious (VS) 4 3.50 – 4.00
Serious (S) 3 2.50 – 3.49
Less Serious (LS) 2 1.50 – 2.49
Not Serious (NS) 1 1.00 – 1.49
In the measures which can be proposed the verbal interpretations and
corresponding numerical mean values are as shown below:
Descriptive/Verbal Rating Point Value Mean Scale
Highly Recommended (HR) 4 3.50 – 4.00
Recommended (R) 3 2.50 – 3.49
Less Recommended (LR) 2 1.50 – 2.49
Not Recommended (NR) 1 1.00 – 1.49
Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
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Pepper, & Ian. (2010). Crime Scene Investigation: Methods and Procedures.
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Republic of the Philippines
City of Taguig
Gen. Santos Avenue, Central Bicutan, Taguig City
Taguig City University
Rayner (2014). Re-evaluating the Criminal Investigative Process: An Empirical
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Resurreccion (2019). Effectiveness of Scene of the Crime Operation Response.
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