LESSON 001 SEMESTER II

MASTERS OF ARCHITECTURE
NOTABLE ARCHITECTS’ DICTUM AND WORKS

▪ Based after an exhibition of modernist

MODERNISM architecture in America in 1932 by Ar.
▪ MODERN MOVEMENT Philip Johnson
- Born in the 20th century ▪ The term was first used in 1932 by
- Took off after WW1 Henry-Russell Hitchcock & Philip
Johnson in their essay –
▪ MODERN ARCHITECTURAL THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE:
MOVEMENTS ARCHITECTURE SINCE 1922
- Architectural styles developed
from 1910 -1980s The International Style dictated the search for an
honest, economical, and utilitarian architecture that
MODERN ARCHITECTURE would both use the new materials and satisfy
▪ Also known as MODERNISM society’s new building needs while still appealing
▪ Puts an emphasis on experimentation to aesthetic taste.
▪ rejects predetermined “rules”
▪ has freedom of expression in art, NOTABLE ARCHITECTS
literature, architecture, and music.
▪ Advancements in engineering, building 1. LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN
materials, social equality, health, and - Considered as the “father of
industry converged. skyscrapers” and the “father of
▪ Past historical styles were rejected. modernism.”
- Widely considered america’s first truly
this created a perfect storm that allowed modern architect.
architecture to enter a new era of design - Best known as a major player in
Chicago school* and the birth of the
WHY MODERNISM HAPPENED: modern skyscraper.
a. Industrial revolution providing new
products CHICAGO SCHOOL
b. Industrialization expanding the need for -used to describe the development of
commercial architecture skyscraper architecture in the late 1800s.
c. Group of architects in Chicago -it is a label given to architects who
determined that a new architecture individually and competitively developed a
deserved its own style; the look based brand of Commercial Architecture.
on function of the structure and not from
past architectures. 1881 to 1895: Sullivan partnered with engr.
Dankmar Adler
- widely believed that
INTERNATIONAL STYLE
Adler- business and construction
▪ Also known as INTERNATIONAL aspect
MODERNISM or INTERNATIONAL Sullivan- architectural design
STYLE FL Wright- young draftsman
 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE
glass blocks, and creating interiors
AUDITORIUM BUILDING (1889) without visible supports.
- firm’s first real success. Architectural reputation:
- A massive multi-use opera house in
Chicago FAGUS FACTORY
- Exterior design was influenced by - A shoe last factory in Alfeld on thr Leine,
Romanesque revival work of H.H. Germany
Richardson - The factory has been listed as a
- Interior was largely the work of FL UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2011.
Wright. - Commissioned by Carl Benscheidt; he
- Includes offices, theatre, and a hotel. wanted a radical structure to express the
company’s break from the past.
WAINWRIGHT BUILDING (1891)
- Considered on of the first aesthetically THE MODEL FACTORY
fully expressed early skyscrapers. - the factory shows Gropius exploring his
- Designed by Sullivan and Adler vision in a theoretical setting.
- Named for local brewer, building - In the context, the factory is allowed to be
contractor, and financier Ellis expansive, to be divided into its functional
Wainwright. parts, each function in a separate form.
- Array of interconnected parts is influenced
This building exemplifies Sullivan’s theories
by Constructivism.
about the tall building’s tripartite composition
- It is memorable for the variation in elegant
SULLIVANESQUE STYLE:
geometric forms in a complex functional
BASE – SHAFT – ATTIC
plan in which each part is a complete
based on the structure of classical column,
architectural composition in itself.
and his desire to emphasize the height of
the building.
STAATLICHES BAUHAUS
Bauhaus comes from a German word
“FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION” meaning to build (bauen) a house (haus).
• Coined by Sullivan in his essay: ▪ Sometimes called brings to light that it
THE TALL OFFICE BUILDING was in the interest of the “state” or
ARTISTICALLY CONSIDERED government of Germany to combine all
• Statement refers to the idea that a aspects of architecture into a complete
skyscraper’s exterior design should reflect work of art – Gesamtkunstwerk.
the different interior functions. ▪ Gropius believed that all design should be
• A tall building’s exterior design should functional as well as aesthetically
reflect the activities that take place inside pleasing.
its walls. ▪ BAUHAUS SCHOOL: pioneered a
• Examples are Wainwright Building and functional, severely simple architectural
Prudential Building style. It features the elimination of surface
deco and extensive use of glass.
2. WALTER GROPIUS ▪ Bauhaus was an integration of the arts
- Educated at the Technical Universities – that architecture should be studied
in Munich and Berlin. along with other arts and crafts.
- Experimented with the combination of
technology and art, building walls with
LESSON 001 SEMESTER II
▪ He repositioned the goals of Bauhaus in
1923, stressing the importance of
designing for mass production.
▪ It was the time that the school adopted
the slogan Art into Industry.

“ARCHITECTURE BEGINS WHERE

ENGINEERING ENDS”

- Talks about how architecture and

engineering cannot exist in the same
time.
- It is due to that vey word design.
- The science of engineering is creating a
large building, so it does not collapse;
the science of architecture is designing a
building so that it is aesthetically
pleasing.
- Architecture, the act of making the building
pretty, can only start when engineering, the
act of making sure the building is going to
be sturdy, ends.