Human Nutrition Review COR - KEY
Know all the organs of the digestive system and what they contribute to the digestive process. Each organ has a
job. . . . Mouth – mastication,
stomach – liquifing food,
small intestines – digestion and absorption,
Liver – makes Bile,
Gall Bladder – stores Bile,
Pancrease – Makes pancreatic juice + insulin+glucagon,
Large intestines – absorb water and make vitamins
Which structures in the small intestine of humans serve to increase the surface area for absorption? Villi and
Microvilli
Which organ secretes lipase, tyrpsin, and amylase Pancrease
Where does digestion of protein begin Stomach
Does water have any nutrients NO
Which organ produces the substance that emulsifies lipids? Liver
Where are vitamins made? Large intestines
In humans where does chemical digestion start mouth
Which type of digestion occurs in the mouth when an individual chews a piece of bread? Carbohydrate
digestion
In humans where is the last place that chemical digestion occurs Small intestines
The chemical digestion of proteins in humans begins in the stomach
What are the 2 places for mechanical breakdown of our food mouth and stomach
What keeps food from entering the trachea Epiglottis
The breaking apart or dispersal of lipids into smaller droplets is called emulsification
Which nutrient groups are chiefly acted upon by stomach enzymes (Pepsin)? Proteins
Where does most digestion (98%) occur? small intestines
The digestion of proteins starts in the stomach and is completed in the small intestines
This part of the digestive system absorbs water, salts and makes vitamins. Large intestines
Were in the digestive system are villi found? Small intestines
The taking in of food is called ingestion
Which organ is involved in the storage of glycogen? Liver
The chemical digestion of lipids begins in the small intestines - doudenum
The breakdown of food by organism so it can be absorbed is called Digestion
peristalsis – the wave action of muscle that moves food through the digestive system
In humans, food is moved from the mouth to the stomach as a result of - Peristalsis
What is the main purpose of digestion?
To break organic molecules into its basic components to be absorbed into the blood stream
Liquidified food = Chyme
What is the job(s) of the large intestines? Absorb water and make Vitamins
What changes the ph of the acidic chyme to a basic solution – Pancreatic Juice – sodium bicarbonate
What is the other job of the pancreases besides secreting digestive enzymes? (hormones) Insulin and Glycogen
What happens to the completely digested nutrients? Absorbed into blood stream
Protein breaks down into _Amino Acids___
Lipids break down into Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids
Carbohydrates break down into Monosaccharide
Difference between ingestion (eating) and egestion (pooping)
Be ready or any type of questions about digestion referring to these pictures.
EXAMPLE QUESTIONS:
The diagram represents the digestive system of a student who has eaten a sandwich consisting of two
slices of bread, chicken, lettuce, and mayonnaise. Where are the vitamins made from this meal? 4 – large
intestines
The diagrams illustrate the pathway and the time frame for the digestion of a hamburger consisting of a hot
dog, mustard, and a bun.
Label the following diagram: A – Mouth B- Stomach C- Pancreas D- Small intestines E –Colon F- large
intestines G – Gall bladder
What is this an example of? Hydrolysis