CHEMISTRY

ANSWERS (SALT ANALYSIS)

EXERCISE–I
01. A  BiCl3 , B  BiOCl , C  Bi , D  HCl , E  Hg 2 Cl2 02. Cu 2 Cl 2 03. Ca3 (PO4 ) 2
04. X is SO2 05. A  K 2 Cr2 O7 , B  NH 4 Cl , C  CrO2 Cl2 , D  PbCrO 4 , E  NH 3
06. PbCO3 .Pb (OH ) 2 (Basic lead carbonate) 2 PbCO3 .Pb (OH ) 2 450
º  Pb3O4  CO  CO2  H 2O
07. X  NH 4 NO3 , Y  NH 3 08. X is AlBr3 09. X is KI 10. CuSO4
11. A  FeS , CuS or PbS , B  H 2 S , C  HNO3 , D  S , E  CuSO4 , F  CuS , G  Cu ( NH 3 ) 4 ( NO3 ) 2 ,
H  Cu 2 [ Fe (CN ) 6 ] 12. X is HgCl 2 13. X is Na2 S 2 O3 .5H 2O
14. A  NaHSO3 , B  H 2O , C  SO2 , D  Na 2 SO3 , E  Na 2 SO4 , F  Na 2 S , G  H 2 S , H  S
15. A  SnCl 2 , B  SnCl 4 , C  Mo3O8
16. A  ZnS , B  H 2 S , C  ZnCl 2 , D  Zn(OH ) 2 , E  SO2 , F  ZnO  ZnSO4
17. A  Pb (NO3 ) 2 , B  PbCl 2 , C = PbS, D  PbI 2 18. FeCl 3 & NH 4 Cl
19. A  MgCl 2 , B  Mg ( NH 4 ) PO4 .6 H 2O , C  Mg 2 P2 O7 , D  NH 3 20. X is NH 4 Cl

EXERCISE–II
01. ZnCl2  2 AgNO3  2 AgCl   Zn( NO3 ) 2
(X) White

ZnCl2  2 NaOH  Zn(OH ) 2  2 NaCl

White

Zn (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na 2 ZnO 2  2 H 2 O

Colourless soln

Na2 ZnO2  H 2 S  ZnS  2 NaOH

White
02. NiCl 2  ( NH 4 ) 2 S  NiS  2 NH 4 Cl
(A) (B)
3 Nis  6 HCl  2 HNO3  3NiCl2  3S  2 NO  4 H 2O
(B) (A)
NiCl 2  2 KCN  Ni (CN ) 2  2 KCl
Ni (CN ) 2  2 KCN  K 2 [ Ni (CN ) 4 ]
Pot. tetracyanonickelate (II)
2 NaOH  Br2  2 NaBr  H 2 O  [O ]
2K 2 [ Ni (CN ) 4 ]  4 NaOH  [ O]  2 Ni (OH ) 3  4 NaCN  4KCN
(C)
03. 2Mg  O2  2 MgO ( A)
3Mg  N 2  Mg 3 N 2 ( B)
Now ;
Mg 3 N 2  6 H 2O  3Mg (OH ) 4  2 NH 3
(B) (C) (D)
NH 3  HNO 3  NH 4 NO 3
(D) (E)
28  100
Molecular mass of NH 4 NO3  (14  4  14  48)  80 g mol 1 as, 80g NH 4 NO3 contains  35% N 2 .
80
4  100
H%   5%
80
 It means compound (E) is NH 4 NO3 .

NH 4 NO3  N 2O  2 H 2 O
(E) (F)
04. 2AgNO 3  Ag  2 NO  O 2
(A) (D) (B) (C)
NO2 gas is (B) due to the fact that it dissolves in water to form a compound nitric acid in which Ag is soluble.
2 NO 2  H 2 O  HNO 2  HNO 3
(E)
3 Ag  4 HNO3  3 AgNO 3  2 H 2 O  NO
(D) (E)
2 AgNO 3  2 NaOH  Ag 2 O  2 NaNO 3  H 2 O ; Ag 2 O  C 6 H 12 O6  2 Ag  C6 H 12 O7
Silver mirror

AgNO3  KCN  AgCN   KNO3

White
AgCN  KCN  K [ Ag (CN ) 2 ]
pot. dicyano argentate (I)

05. NH 4 NO3  NaOH  NaNO3  NH 3   H 2O

(X) (Y)
NH 3  HCl  NH 4 Cl
White fumes
Zn
NaNO 3  8 H NaOH
 NaOH  2 H 2O  NH 3 

06. ( NH 4 ) 2 Cr2O7  N 2  Cr2 O3  4 H 2 O

(A) (B) (C)green
( NH 4 ) 2 Cr2 O7  2 NaOH  Na 2 CrO 4  2 NH 3  2H 2 O
yellow solution (D)

Hence the compound A is ( NH 4 ) 2 Cr2 O7 .

07.(1) Since (A) gives chromyl chloride test and th, it has Cl 
(2) Since (A) is strong reducing agent So (A) is SnCl 2
(i) SnCl 2  H 2 O  Sn (OH ) 2  2HCl
white (B)
tra nsparent white turbidity
solid (A)

(ii) SnCl 2  4 NaOH  Sn ( OH ) 2  2 NaCl

(A) (C)
Sn (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na 2 SnO2  2 H 2 O
excess soluble
(iii) 3SnCl2  2AuCl3  3SnCl4  2Au (purple of cassius)
(iv) SnCl 2  2 HCl  I 2  SnCl 4  2 HI
08. (A) gives turbidity with top water (which contains Cl  ) & it is insoluble in HNO3 , but it is soluble in NH 4 OH .
Hence the compound is AgNO3 .

(i) 2 AgNO3  2 Ag  2 NO 2   O2 
(ii) AgNO 3  Cl   AgCl   NO3
(iii) AgCl  2 NH 4 OH  [ Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 ] Cl  2 H 2 O
09.(1) (A) gives offensive smelling gas with acid and may have S 2  ions.
(2) White compound (A) may be ZnS as (C) is soluble in NaOH excess.
(i) ZnS  2 HCl  ZnCl 2  H 2 S
(C) (B)
(ii) ZnCl 2  2 NaOH  2 NaCl  Zn (OH ) 2
white ppt. (D)

(iii) Zn (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na2 ZnO2  2 H 2 O

soluble
ZnCl 2  2 NH 3  Zn ( NH 3 ) 4 Cl 2
soluble
(iv) 2ZnS  3O2  2ZnO  2SO2
(E)
ZnS  2O2  ZnSO4
(F)
ZnSO4  BaCl 2  BaSO4  ZnCl 2
(F) white
10. 2 Br   Cl2  2Cl   Br2
brown
CO32  BaCl2  BaCO3  2Cl 
white
Mg 2   2 NaOH  Mg (OH ) 2  2 Na 
Therefore mixture consists K 2CO3 and MgBr2 .
11. A gives white precipitate (B) with NaCl which is soluble in hot water and ths, (B) may be PbCl 2 . So (A)
contains Pb 2  ions. (2) (A) liberates reddish brown gas on heating and thus, it should have NO3 ios, (3) So,
(A) is Pb (NO3 ) 2 .
(i) Pb ( NO3 ) 2  2 NaCl  PbCl 2  2 NaNO3
(B)
(ii) PbCl 2  H 2 S  PbS  2 HCl
(C) black ppt.

(iii) PbCl 2  2 NaI  PbI 2  2 NaCl

(B) yellow ppt. (D)

(iv) Pb ( NO3 ) 2  PbO  2 NO2  ½ O2

12. Al2 ( SO4 )3  3BaCl2  2 AlCl3  3BaSO4 
white
Al 2 ( SO4 ) 3  6 NaOH  2 Al (OH ) 3  3Na 2 SO4
white
Al (OH ) 3  NaOH  NaAlO2  2 H 2 O
soluble
Compound (X) gives white precipitate with BaCl2 which is insoluble in concentrated HCl hence the anion of
(X) must be SO42  ion. Because the cation gives white precipitate with NaOH which is soluble in excess of
NaOH, therefore cation of compound (X) may be Zn 2  or Al 3 ion. But Zn 2  cannot be cation of the
compound (X).
13.(1) A on heating with concentrated H 2 SO4 and MnO2 yields brown fumes and so it contains Br  ions.
(2) (A) is pale yellow solid insoluble in mineral acid but soluble in NH 3 and thus, it is AgBr .
(i) 2AgBr  2 NH 3  Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 Br
(A) ( B)
(ii) 2 AgBr  Na 2 S 2 O 3  Ag 2 S 2 O 3  2 NaBr  boil
 Ag 2 S  SO 3
(C ) black ppt .
(iii) Ag 2S  2Cl  2AgCl  H 2S
(D) from aquaregia white ppt.

14.(i) Pb( NO 3 ) 2  2PbO  4 NO 2  O 2
(ii) Pb ( NO 3 ) 2  2CH 2 COOH  Pb (CH 3COO ) 2  2 HNO 3
2 Pb ( CH 3 COO 2 ) 2  K 2 Cr 2 O 7  H 2 O  2 PbCrO 4   2 CH 3 COOK
yellow
(iii) Pb ( NO3 ) 2  2 NaOH  Pb (OH ) 2  2 NaNO3
White
Pb (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na 2 PbO 2  2 H 2O
15. A metallic chloride which does not respond test for C (Chromyl chloride test) may be HgCl 2 .
(i) 2 HgCl 2  SnCl 2  SnCl 4  Hg 2 Cl 2
(A) (B) white
Hg 2 Cl2  SnCl 2  SnCl 4  2 Hg
Grey
(ii) HgCl 2  2KI  HgI 2  2 KCl
2KI  HgI 2  K 2 HgI 4
Excess (C) scarlet red
16. FeSO4  BaCl2  BaSO4   FeCl2
(A) white (B)
white precipitate of (B) is insoluble in dil. HCl hence in compound (A) SO42 ion is present.
( A) FeSO 4 .7 H 2O  FeSO 4  7 H 2 O
2 FeSO4  Fe 2 O3  SO2   SO3 
(E) (C) (D)
Red brown
Fe 2 O3  6 HCl  2 FeCl 3  3H 2 O
yellow solun
2 FeCl3  H 2 S  2 FeCl 2  2 HCl  S 

17. BiCl 3  H 2 O  BiOCl  2 HCl

(A) (B)
BiOCl  2 HCl  BiCl3  H 2 O
(B) (A)
2 BiCl3  3 Na2 SnO2  6 NaOH  2 Bi  3Na2 SnO3  6 NaCl  3H 2 O
Black (C)
2 BiCl3  3H 2 SO4  Bi2 ( SO4 ) 3  6 HCl
(D)
Hg 2 ( NO3 ) 2  2 HCl  Hg 2 Cl 2  2 HNO 3
White
18. Pb CO3 ( A)  PbO ( B )  Pb3O4 (C ) dil
. HNO
3  Pb ( NO3 ) 2  PbO 2
dil  HNO3 yellow (red) brown (D)
Pb ( NO3 ) 2   Pb(OH ) 2 Cl
NaOH
2
PbO2
(E) (D)
PbCO 3 is almost insoluble in HCl , H 2SO 4 due to protective covering of PbCl 2 , PbSO 4 over the surface
of PbCO 3 .
19. Solution C gives ppt. with NaOH solution which is soluble in excess of NaOH solution hence the cation should
be of the amphoteric metal like Zn or Al.
Again solid F is soluble in HCl and gives white precipitate with BaCl2. Therefore anion must be SO42– ion.
Now the A gives offensive smelling gas hence hence the A may be ZnS or Al2S3. But Al2S3 on heating in air
des not form Al2(SO4)3.. Chemical reactions are as follows :
ZnS  2 HCl  ZnCl 2  H 2 S 
(A) (C) (B)
ZnCl 2  2 NaOH  Zn(OH ) 2  2 NaCl
(C) (D)
Zn (OH ) 2  2 NaOH  Na2 ZnO2  2 H 2 O
2ZnS  3O2  2ZnO  2SO2
(A) (F) (E)
ZnS  2O2  ZnSO4 ( F )
(A)
ZnSO4  BaCl2  BaSO4   ZnCL2
20. CuSO4 ( A) H
2S
 CuS HNO
3  Cu ( NO3 ) 2 NaOH
 Cu (OH ) 2 (
blue sol black (B) soluble blue ppt.(C)
[Cu ( NH 3 ) 4 ] SO 4 ( D) (deep blue solution)

CuCN KCN  K 2 [Cu (CN ) 4 ]

yellow ppt. (E) colourless
21. (A), (B) and (C) are SO2 , CO and O2 respectively. The reactions are as follow :
K 2 Cr2 O7  H 2 SO4  3SO2  K 2 SO4  Cr ( SO4 ) 3  H 2 O
(green)
Ca (OH ) 2  CO2  CaCO3   H 2 O
milky
22. X, Y (A : mixture)  H
2O
 solution phenolphth
alein  pink

 as A is basic dil.HCl
 ppt.  A is basic i.e. either of X and Y is a base it means X (or Y) is NaOH since
precipitate dissolve by further further
 addition
  ppt. dissolves
of HCl

 Zn salt  Y is ZnSO4 (or X)
ZnSO4  NaOH  Na2 ZnO2 HCl  Zn(OH ) 2  HCl  ZnCl2 ppt. soluble.
23. Aqueous solution of salt (A) gives white precipitate (B) with NaCl and this white precipitate is soluble in hot
water hence (B) should be PbCl2 .Pb 2  cation is supported that when H 2 S gas is passed in the solution, it
gives black precipitate of PbS .Pb 2 cation is further supported due to the fact that it gives yellow precipitate
of PbI 2 with NaI solution. Regarding the anion, since (A) gives reddish brown gas on heating hence the anion
should be NO3 ion. Therefore the compound (A) is Pb (NO3 ) 2 . The reactions are as follows :
Pb( NO3 ) 2  2 NaCl  PbCl2  2 NaNO3
(A) (B)
 PbCl2  H 2 S  PbS  2 HCl
(B) (C) Black

PbCl 2  2 NaI  PbI 2  2 NaCl

(B) (D) yellow

2 Pb( NO3 ) 2  2 PbO  4 NO2  O2 

24. A : CuO H2 SO

4  CuSO4 (blue) Flame
 test
 green colour
H 2S
B : MnO 2 conc
 . HCl
 MnCl 2  Cl 2  MnS (flesh colour)
NH 4

C : Carbon powder : C KNO

3 CO2 Lime
 water
 milky
25. Metal salt gives green coloured precipitate with NaOH hence the precipitate will be of Cr (OH ) 3 . It is also
soluble in NaOH to form sodium chromite. It is also confirmed by the fact that Cr (OH ) 3 gives Cr2 O3 (green
powder) which on fusion with NaOH in air to form sodium chromate which is yellow in colour.
Cr 3  3 NaOH  Cr (OH ) 3  3 Na 
(X)
2Cr (OH ) 3  NaOH  NaCrO 2  2 H 2 O
Sodium chromite

2Cr (OH ) 3  Cr2 O 3  3H 2 O
green
2Cr2 O3  8 NaOH  3O2  4 Na 2 CrO4  4 H 2O
(Z)
acid acid
  2
26. 2CrO 2  2 H  2 HCrO 4  Cr2O7  2 H 2O
alkali alkali
Chromate Dichromate
(yellow) (orange) (B)

Cr2O72  2 H  4 H 2O2  2CrO5  5 H 2 O
(B) (C) blue colour

Blue colour fades away gradually due to decomposition of CrO5 into Cr 3 ions and oxygen. Acidified solution
of : B  NaCl  CrO2 Cl 2 (Chromyl chloride). (D) Orange red fumes.
27. White powder (A) gives colourless, odorless gas shich changes lime water mily hance the compound (A) is a
carbonate of any cation, but residue ‘E’ which is left on heating (A) is yellow when hot and white wen cooled.
Therefore (E) must be ZnO. Thus the compound (A) is ZnCO3 . The reactions are as follows :
ZnCO3 heat
 ZnO  CO2 
(A) (E) (B)
CO 2  Ca (OH) 2  CaCO 3   H 2 O
(B) Lime water White ppt. (C)
CaCO3  H 2 O  CO2  Ca (HCO3 ) 2
(C) (B) (D)
EXERCISE–III
(Asked in REE)
01.(I) Step (ii) suggest X to be a compound of Ag as it gives tubidity with tap water which contains Cl  . Since the
turbidity is soluble in NH 4 OH .
(II) X may be AgNO3 since it gives oxides of Nitrogen.
Reactions : 2AgNO 3  2Ag  2 NO 2  O 2
residue
 AgNO3  Cl   AgCl  NO3
(X) tap
water Turbidity
AgCl  2 NH 4OH  Ag ( NH 3 ) 2 Cl  2 H 2 O
soluble
02.(I) Step (ii) suggest that X may be hypo as it decolorizes solution of I 2 and also loses water of crystallization.
(II) X is Na2 S 2 O3 .5H 2O i.e. : hypo
Na 2 S 2O3 .5 H 2 O  Na 2 S 2 O3  5 H 2 O

Na 2S 2 O 3  2HCl  2 NaCl  SO 2  S  H 2 O
(X) Turbidity
2 Na 2 S 2 O3  I 2  Na 2 S 4 O6  2 NaI
(X)
Na 2 S 2O3  2 AgNO 3  Ag 2 S 2O3  2 NaNO 3
(X) white ppt.
Ag 2 S 2 O3  H 2O  Ag 2 S  H 2 SO 4
Black
on standing
03. (A) on heating gives two oxides of S and thus it is FeSO4 . 7 H2O .
  FeSO4 + 7 H2O
1. FeSO4 . 7 H2O 
(A)
2. 2 FeSO4    Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
(B) (C) (D)
3. Fe2O3 + 6 HCl  2 FeCl3 + 3 H2O
(E) yellow
4. 2 FeCl3 + H2S  FeCl2 + 2 HCl + S
(E) (G) Turbidity (F)

Fe2+ OH  Fe
oxidation 3+

Fe3+ + 3 CNS   Fe (CNS)3 (blood Red colour)

04. (i) NH4Cl + NaOH    NH3 + NaCl + H2O
(A)
(ii) NH3 + CO2 + H2O  NH4HCO3 (B)
(iii) NH4HCO3 + NaCl  NaHCO3 + NH4Cl (C)
(iv) 2 NaHCO3    Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 (D)
05. (1) The black coloured compound may be FeS , CuS or PbS , CoS , NiS but FeS reacts with dil. H2SO4 to
produce H2S
MS + H2SO4  MSO4 + H2S
(A) (B)
(2) Gas H2S on passing through HNO3 gives turbidity of S .
H2S + 2 HNO3  2 NO2 + 2 H2O + S
(B) (C) (D)
(3) (E) is CuSO4 because it gives white precipitate of BaSO4 with BaCl2 & blue color with NH4OH .
CuSO4 + BaCl2  CuCl2 + BaSO4
(E) white
(4) Gas (B) i.e. H2S gives black precipitate with CuSO4 .
CuSO4 + H2S  CuS + H2SO4
(E) (F) black
(5) Compound F (CuS) gives Cu(NO3)2 with HNO3 which on treating with NH4OH gives blue colour .
CuS + 2 HNO3  Cu(NO3)2 + H2S
(F)
 Cu(NO3)2 + 4 NH4OH  [Cu(NH3)4] (NO3)2 + 4 H2O
(G) blue
(6) (G) on acidifying with CH3COOH and then treating with K4Fe(CN)6 gives chocolate coloured precipitate
of Cu2Fe(CN)6 .
Cu (NH3)4 . (NO3)2 + 4 CH3COOH  Cu (NO3)2 + 4 CH3COONH4
2 Cu (NO3)2 + K4Fe (CN)6  Cu2 [Fe (CN)6] + 4 KNO3 .
[A] : FeS
  Na2 ZnO2 + H2 .
06. (i) (A) is an alkali and the reaction is , 2 NaOH + Zn 
(A) (B)
(ii) (A) is NaOH and (C) is phosphorous . The reaction is ,
  PH3 + 3 NaH2PO2
3 NaOH + 3 H2O + P4 
(A)
  NH3 + NaCl + H2O
(iii) (D) is NH3 gas and the reaction is , NaOH + NH4Cl 
(A) (D) gas
07. It is clear from point (iv) that (X) is H2O2 .
Ti (SO4)2 + 2 H2O + H2O2  H2TiO4 + 2 H2SO4
(X) pertitanic acid (yellow)
(i) 2 K2MnO4 + 2 H2O  2 MnO2 + O2 + 4 KOH .
(ii) H2O2 + Cl2  2 HCl + O2
(X)
(iii) H2O2 + 2 KI + H2SO4  Fe2SO4 + 2 H2O + I2 
08. (i) Step 1 suggest that the compound (X) contains SO42 radical .
(ii) Step 3 suggest that the compound (X) contains Cu2+ radical .
(iii) Hence the salt is CuSO4 .
(i) CuSO4 + BaCl2  BaSO4 + CuCl2 .
white ppt.
(insoluble in HCl)
(ii) 2 CuSO4 + 4 KI  2 CuI2 + 2 K2SO4
(X)
CuI2  Cu2I2 + I2
(unstable)
I2 + 2 Na2S2O3  Na2S4O6 + 2 NaI
(iii) 2 CuSO4 + K4 Fe(CN)6  Cu2 [Fe(CN)6] + 2 K2SO4
(X) chocolate coloured ppt.
09. (i) (X) gives brick red flame test so it contains Ca2+ ;
(ii) (X) gives smell of Cl2 in moist air so (X) is CaOCl2 .
CaOCl2 + CO2  CaCO3 + Cl2
(X) (moist air)
or CaOCl2 + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
(X)
(iii) With KI & CH3COOH , it reacts as follows ,
CaOCl2 + 2 CH3COOH  (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O + Cl2
(X)
2 KI + Cl2  2 KCl + I2
10. (i) (X) imparts golden yellow flame and so contain Na+ .
(ii) Step 2 suggest that (X) is NaOH because it reacts with Zn to give H2 .
Zn + 2 NaOH  Na2ZnO2 + H2
(X)
(iii) (X) is also justified by step 3 reactions .
2 NaOH + SnCl2  Sn(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
(X) white ppt.
Sn(OH)2 + 2 NaOH  Na2SnO2 + 2 H2O
(X)excess soluble
11. (i) The compound (B) reacts with NaCl to give white ppt. (D) soluble in NH4OH to (D) is AgCl .
(ii) Thus (B) must contain Ag + ion .
(iii) (B) is obtained from (A) and dil. HNO3 , so (B) is AgNO3 and (A) is Ag .
3 Ag + 4 HNO3  3 AgNO3 + NO + 2 H2O
(A) (B) (C)
AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3
(B) (D)
AgCl + 2 NH4OH  Ag(NH3)2Cl + 2 H2O
(D) soluble
2 AgNO3 + Na2S2O3  Ag2S2O3 + 2 NaNO3 .
(E) white
Ag2S2O3  Ag2S + SO3
(E) black
12. (X) decolourizes K2Cr2O7 solution hence it should be reducing agent .
(i) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3 SO2  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
Cr2O72 + 2 H + + 3 SO2  2 Cr3+ + 3 SO42- + H2O
(ii) SO2 + H2O2  H2SO4
H2SO4 + BaCl2  BaSO4 + 2 HCl
or SO2 + H2O2 + BaCl2  BaSO4  + 2 HCl
(iii) SO2 + 2 H2S  3 S  + 2 H2O . [X] is SO2 .
13. (1) (X) gives black ppt. in acid medium & thus it may be HgCl2 , PbCl2 , CuCl2 or SnCl2 .
(2) Black ppt. are insoluble in yellow ammonium sulphide & thus it is not SnCl2 .
(3) Step 3 & 4 suggest that (X) is HgCl2 .
(i) HgCl2 + H2S  HgS + 2 HCl
(X) black ppt.
(ii) 2 HgCl2 + SnCl2  SnCl4 + Hg2Cl2 .
(X ) white ppt.
Hg2Cl2 + SnCl2  SnCl4 + 2 Hg
grey ppt.
(iii) HgCl2 + 2 KI  HgI2 + 2 KCl
(X) red ppt.
HgI2 + 2 KI  K2HgI4
14.(i) Aqueous solution of gas (X) turns red litmus blue , the solution is alkaline in nature. So the gas may be NH3.
(ii) With CuSO4 , NH4OH gives deep blue coloured Cu(NH3)4SO4 .
i.e. CuSO4 + 4 NH4OH  Cu(NH3)4SO4 + H2O
(deep blue complex)
(iii) FeCl3 + 3 NH4OH  Fe(OH)3 + 3 NH4Cl
(brown ppt.)
The brown ppt. of Fe(OH)3 form soluble Fe (NO3)3 with dil. HNO3 .
Fe(OH)3 + 3 HNO3  Fe(NO3)3 + 3 H2O
(soluble)
Hence X is NH3 .
15. (1)(X) give yellow ppt. insoluble in NH4OH with Ag+ and so contain I  ions .
(2)Step (a) suggest it to be KI .
(i) 2 CuSO4 + 2 KI  2 CuI2 + K2SO4
(X)
2 CuI2  Cu I I
 2 2   2
yellow

I2 + 2 Na2S2O3  Na2S4O6 + 2 NaI

white
(ii) Ag+ + KI  AgI + K+
(X) yellow ppt.
16. (i) Na2B4O7 + 7 H2O  2 NaOH + 4 H3BO3
(X)

(ii) Na2B4O7 . 10 H2O    Na2B4O7 + 10 H2O
(iii) Na2B4O7   2 NaBO2 + B2O3


glassy mass
(iii) Na2B4O7 + H2SO4 + 5 H2O  Na2SO4 + 4 H3BO3 (weak acid)
17. (i) CaOCl2 + 2 CH3COOH  Ca(CH3COO)2 + Cl2 + H2O
(X)
2 KI + Cl2  2 KCl + I2 .
(ii) CaOCl2 (aq.) + CO2  CaCO3 + Cl2
Turbid white ppt.
(iii) CaOCl2 + H2O  Ca(OH)2 + Cl2
(X)
C2H5OH + Cl2  CH3CHO + 2 HCl
CH3CHO + 3 Cl2  CCl3CHO + 3 HCl
2 Ca(OH)2 + 2 CCl3CHO  2 CHCl3 + (HCOO)2 Ca
(i) , (ii) & (iii) suggest that X is bleaching powder .
18. (i) (X) removes black stains from old oil painting so (X) is H2O2 .
(ii) 5 H2O2 + 2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4  K2SO4 + 2 MnSO4 + 8 H2O + 5 O2
(X)
(iii) 3 H2O2 + 2 KMnO4  2 MnO2 + 2 KOH + 3 O2 + 2 H2O
(X)
(iv) 4 H2O2 + PbS  PbSO4 + 4 H2O
black white
19. Compound A :
(i) (A) gives on heating two oxides of S and so (A) is FeSO4 . 7 H2O
  FeSO4 + 7 H2O
FeSO4 . 7 H2O 
(A)
2 FeSO4   Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
FeSO4 + 2 NaOH  Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4
oxidation
Fe2+    Fe3+ + e–
alkali medium
Compound B :
(i) (B) gives green colour flame and thus it contains Ba +2 ion as it also does not give ppt. with H2S
(ii) (B) on heating with K2Cr2O7 & H2SO4 conc. gives red gas i.e. chromyl chloride and thus (B) also have Cl  ion.
(iii) Thus (B) is BaCl2 .
2 BaCl2 + K2Cr2O7 + 3 H2SO4  K2SO4 + 2 Cr2O2Cl2 + 2 BaSO4 + 3 H2O
Red gas
CrO2 Cl2 + 4 NaOH  Na2CrO4 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O
yellow soln
20. (i) ZnCO3  ZnO + CO2 
(A) (C) (B)
(ii) CO2 + Ca(OH)2  CaCO3 + H2O
lime water
(iii) CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O  Ca(HCO3)2
excess
ZnO + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2O
(iv) 2ZnCl2 + K4[Fe(CN)6]  Zn2[Fe(CN)6] + 4KCl
white
(v) ZnCO3 + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2O + CO2
(vi) ZnCl2 + H2S NH OH
 ZnS + 2HCl
 4
white(D)
21. (i) 4FeS + 7O2  4SO2 + 2 Fe2O3
(A) (B)
(ii) FeS + H2SO4  FeSO4 + H2S
(A) (D) (C)
(iii) 2H2S + SO2(aq)  2H2O + 3S
(C) (B) turbidity
(iv) 3FeSO4 + 2K3[Fe(CN)6]  Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 + 3K2SO4
blue colour(E)
22. X is anhydrous AlCl3 ,a lewis acid
(i) AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3HCl (fumes)
(ii) HCl + NH4OH  NH4Cl + H2O
white fumes
(iii) AlCl3 + 3NaOH  3NH4Cl + Al(OH)3 (white ppt.)
Al(OH)3 + NaOH  NaAlO2 + 2 H2O
(soluble)
(iv) AlCl3 + H2S  No ppt. in acidic medium
23. X is Sn2+
(i) Sn2+ + H2S  SnS + 2H +
(ii) SnS + (NH4)2S  soluble
(iii) Sn2+ + 2NaOH  Sn(OH)2 + 2Na+
(white ppt)

(iv) Sn(OH)2 + 2NaOH  Na2SnO2 + 2H2O

(soluble)
2+ 4+
(v) Sn + 2FeCl3  Sn + 2FeCl2
24. Inorganic compound (A) is PH4I
(i) PH4I + KOH  PH3 + KI + H2O
(A) (D) (C)
(ii) 2PH3 + 4O2  P2O5 + 3H2O
(B) (D)
(iii) 3CuSO4 + 2PH3  Cu3P2 + 3H2SO4
(iv) 2 CuSO4 + 4KI  Cu3P2 + 2 K2SO4 + I2
(E)
25. The reactions indicate that the compound (A) is sodium thiosulphate. It is formed in step (i) by passing gas (B)
which is either I2 or SO2.
(i) Na2S + Na2SO3 + I2  Na2S2O3 + 2NaI
(B)
or 2Na2S + Na2SO3 + 3SO2  3Na2S2O3
(ii) 2AgNO3 + Na2S2O3  Ag2S2O3 + 2NaNO3
(White ppt)
Ag2S2O3 + H2O  Ag2S + H2SO4
(C) black
(iii) S2 O32 + Fe3+  [Fe3+ (S2O3)2]–
(D) violet
2
[Fe(S2O3)2]– + Fe3+  2Fe2+ + S4 O 6
(iv) CuCl2 + Na2S2O3  CuS2O3 + 2NaCl
2CuS2O3 + Na2S2O3  Cu2S2O3 + Na2S4O6
(white ppt.)
3Cu2S2O3 + 2Na2S2O3  Na4[Cu6(S2O3)5 ]
(E) soluble complex
26. A = CoCl2 , B = CoS, C = K4[Co(CN)6], D = K3[Co(CN)6], E = Na3 [Co(CO3)3]
27. A = CuCO3 , B = CuO, C = CO2, D = Cu, E = Cu2[Fe(CN)6], F = Ca(HCO3)2.
28. The ors is chromite FeOCr2O3.
Lime
(i) 4FeO. Cr2O3 + 8Na2CO3 + 7O2   2Fe2O3 + 8Na2CrO4
(B) (C)
(ii) Fe2O3 + 6HCl  2FeCl3 + 3H2O
(B)
4FeCl3 + 3K4Fe(CN)6  Fe[Fe(CN)6]3 + 12 KCl
(D) Prussian blue
(iii) 2Na2CrO4 + H2SO4  Na2Cr2O7 + Na2SO4 + H2O
(E)
(iv) Na2Cr2O7 + 2KCl  K2Cr2O7 + 2NaCl
(F) orange red
(v) K2Cr2O7 + 4H2SO4 + 3H2C2O4  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 6CO2 + 7H2O
Cr2(SO4)3 + 6K2C2O4  2K3[Cr2(C2O4)3] + 3K2SO4
(G) Blue crystal
29. A = CuSO4. H2O , B = CuSO4, C = CuO, D = SO3 , E = Ag , F = NO2
30.(i) FeSO4 + dil H2SO4  NO gas
(ii) 10FeSO4 + 8H2SO4 + 2KMnO4  K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 8H2O
(iii) FeSO4  Fe2O3 + SO2  + SO3 
(iv) K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2  K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
(v) Cr2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(NO3)2  3BaSO4 + 2Cr (NO3)3
white
(vi) Fe2O3 + 3C  2 Fe+ 3CO 
31. ZnSO4 + 4NaOH  Na2ZnO2 + Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Na2ZnO2 + 2HCl  Zn(OH)2  + 2NaCl
Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + 2H2O
Hence the mixture contains NaOH & ZnSO4

32. 2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
168g.(X) (Y) 18g.(B) 44g.(A)
Since 16g. of NaHCO3 gives 44 g. of CO2 & 18g. of H2O
 16.8g. of NaHCO3 gives 4.4g. of CO2 (A) & 1.8g. of H2O(B).
Now , CO + Ca(OH) 
2
 CaCO  + H O
2 3 2
H2O(g)  H2O(l)
Na2CO3 + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2CO3
Alkaline solution
BaCl2 + H2CO3  BaCO3  + 2HCl
white (Z)
BaCO3 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + H2O + CO2 
A = CO2 , B = H2O , & Y = Na2CO3
  MnSO4 + Cl2 + 2H2O + (NH4)2SO4
33. 2NH4Cl + MnO2 + 2H2SO4 
  NH3  + H2O
NH4Cl + NaOH 
turns red
litmus to blue
2 FeCl2 + 2K3Fe(CN)6  Fe3 [Fe(CN)6]2 + 6KCl
blue colour
Fe2+ oxidation
 in aqueous solution
    Fe
3+

3+
Fe + 3CNS  Fe (CNS)3
Blood red colour
It is a mixture of FeCl2 and NH4Cl.
34.(i) FeSO4 + BaCl2  FeCl2 + BaSO4
(A) white ppt. (B)

  FeSO4 + 7H2O
(ii) FeSO4.7H2O 

2FeSO4    Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

(E) (C) (D)
brown residue
(iii) Fe2O3 + 6HCl  2FeCl3 + 3H2O
(E) (F) yellow solution
(iv) 2 FeCl3 + H2S  2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S
(v) FeCl3 + 3HN4CNS  Fe(CNS)3 + 3NH4Cl
(I)

35.(i) FeSO4 . 7 H2O  FeSO4 + 7 H2O
(A) (B)

2 FeSO4   Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
(B) (D) (E) (F)
Brown
(ii) (B) is soluble in water and reacts with NO give brown compound.
FeSO4(aq.) + NO  [Link].
Brown ring (C)
(iii) Gaseous mixture decolorises acidified KMnO4
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O  K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 2H2SO4
(iv) SO3 + H2O  H2SO4
BaCl2 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + 2HCl
white ppt.
36. X  A + B + Y
20.02g. 4.4g. 1.8g. 13.8g.
The above data reveals that 2MHCO3  CO2 + H2O + M2CO3
(X) (A) (B) (Y)
4.4g. CO2 is obtained by 20.02g. MHCO3
4.4g. CO2 is obtained by 200.2g. MHCO3.
200 .2
Molecular weight of MHCO3 is 100 .1
2
 Atomic weight of M = 39.1
Thus metal is potassium.
2 KHCO3  CO2 + H2O + K2CO3
(X) (A) (B) (Y)
37. (i) NH4 + NaOH  NH3 + Na+ + H2O
+

2K2HgI4 + 3NaOH+ NH3  + 4KI + 2H2O + 3NaI

brown
2- 
(ii) SO4 + BaCl2  BaSO4 + 2Cl
(iii) 4Cl2  + K2Cr2O7 + 3H2SO4  2CrO2Cl2 + K2SO4 + 3H2O + 2SO4
(iv) 3Fe+2 + 2K3Fe(CN)6  Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 + 6K+
(B) blue
38. FeSO4(NH4)2SO4 . 6H2O  Fe2+ + SO42 + 2NH42+ + SO2 + 6H2O
Mohr salt

3NaOH + NH3 + 2K2HgI4  + 4KI + 3NaI + 2H2O

3Fe2+ + 2K3Fe(CN)6  Fe3 [Fe(CN)6]2 + 6K+

Blue
 SO42 + BaCl2  BaSO4 + 2Cl 
White ppt.

39. (NH4)2 Cr2O7  N2 + Cr2O3 + 4H2O
(A) (C) green (B)

N2 + 3Mg  Mg3N2
(D)
Mg3N2 + 6H2O  3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3
(D) (E)
NH3 + HCl  NH4Cl
(E) (White fumes)
40. (i) (B) forms double salt with Al2(SO4)3 and thus, may be K2SO4.
(ii) (A) + S  (B) K2SO4
 1.743 g K2SO4 is obtained by 1.422g.A
1 .422 x174
 174 g K2SO4 is obtained by 142 g . A.
1 .743
 174 g. K2SO4 requires 32g.S.
32 x1.743
 1.743 g K2SO4 requires 0.321 g .S .
174
Thus, given data confirms that (B) is K2SO4.
Now 2(A) + S 
 K2SO4
(A potassium salt)
[Link]. of (A) x 2 = 142
 [Link]. of (A) = 71
Since (A) is pot. salt : .[Link]. of left component = 71 - 39 = 32.
Thus salt is KO2.
2KO2 + S  K2SO4 
Al 2 ( SO4 ) 3
 K2SO4 . Al2(SO4)3 . 24 H2O
(A) (B) Aq. (C)
41. (i) O3 + CH3 CHCHCH3  CH  CH  O  CH  CH
3 3
| |
O O
Monoozonide
Zn H2O
2CH3CHO
(ii) 5O3 + 2KOH  2KO3 + H2O(g) + 5 O2
(A) Potassium s(C)
Ozonide
42. Pb3O4 + 4HNO3  PbO2 + Pb (NO3)2 + 2H2O
(A) (B)
Pb(NO3)2 + 2H2O 2 KI
 PbI2 + 2KNO3
(C)
Mn NO3 
PbO2 2  HMnO4 + 4 Pb (NO3)3 + 2H2O
 4HNO
(B) 3 (pink colour)

43. A  NH3 B  CaCO3

44. Bi (NO3)2 hydrolysis to give HNO3 which releases I2 (dark brown ppt.) from KI solution. I2 dissolves in
excess of KI to give KI3 (yellow solution).
Bi (NO3)2 + H2O  Bi [ OH (NO3)2 ] + HNO3
NO3  + 4H+ + 3e  NO + 2H2O ; 2I I2 + 2e
I2 + KI KI3
45. A  NH4NO3 ; B  N2O & C  H2O , NH4NO3  N2O + 2H2O
P4 + 10N2O  P4O10 + 10N2

46. (A) HgNO3 (B) Hg2Cl2 (C) HgCl2 (D) K2HgI4 (E) Hg (F) FeSO4 . NO

47. Metal ion, Cu2+

Cu2+ (aq) + H2S (aq)  CuS + 2H+
(A)
2+ –
2Cu + 4I (aq)  Cu2I2 + I2
(B)

48. A = MnSO4, B = Na2MnO4 , C = NaMnO4, D = MnO2, E = HMnO4, F = BaSO4

49. A = NaHSO3, B = Na2SO3, C = Na2S2O3, D = Na2S4O6

50. A = KI, B = HgCl2, C = HgS, D = Hg + Hg2Cl2