IB Math SL

Summary

Year 8
2022/23
1
Math SL Summary – Content ___________________
Math SL Summary – Content ___________________ .................................................................... 2
1. Number and algebra – summary ........................................................................................... 3
Sequences and series .................................................................................................................. 3
Exponents and logarithms ............................................................................................................ 3
Simple deductive proofs ............................................................................................................... 3
Combinations ............................................................................................................................... 3
Further Examples Algebra ......................................................................................................... 7
2. Functions - summary............................................................................................................ 10
Basics ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Straight lines............................................................................................................................... 10
Quadratics .................................................................................................................................. 10
Exponential and logarithmic functions ........................................................................................ 10
The reciprocal function ............................................................................................................... 10
Solving equations both graphically (using the GDC) and analytically ......................................... 10
Further Examples Functions ................................................................................................... 14
3. Geometry and trigonometry–summary ............................................................................... 18
Basics ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Formulas .................................................................................................................................... 18
Transformation of trigonometric functions .................................................................................. 18
Trigonometric equations ............................................................................................................. 18
Further Examples Trigonometry ............................................................................................. 25
4. Statistics and probability - summary .................................................................................. 30
Descriptive statistics (data analysis) ........................................................................................... 30
Simple probability ....................................................................................................................... 30
Independent events - 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵) ........................................................................... 30
Conditional Probability - 𝑃𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃𝐴𝐵 × 𝑃𝐵 𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝐴𝐵 = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)𝑃(𝐵) .................................. 30
Random variables ...................................................................................................................... 30
Discrete Distributions ................................................................................................................. 30
Continuous Distributions............................................................................................................. 30
Further Examples Statistics and Probability ......................................................................... 40
5. Calculus – summary ............................................................................................................. 49
Introduction to the concept of a limit ........................................................................................... 49
Differentiation ............................................................................................................................. 49
Integration .................................................................................................................................. 49
Mixed Examples Calculus........................................................................................................ 58
6. Solutions and Markschemes ............................................................................................... 66
Algebra ....................................................................................................................................... 66
Functions .................................................................................................................................... 75
Trigonometry .............................................................................................................................. 79
Statistics and probability ............................................................................................................. 86
Calculus.................................................................................................................................... 101

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 1. Number and algebra – summary
Sequences and series

• Arithmetic sequences: starting term u1, additive constant 𝒅

Tasks: Calculate nth term, 1st term, d (or more of them using system of equations)!
• Geometric sequence: multiplicative factor 𝒓
Task: Same as above!
• Series: Sn is an expression for the sum of the first n terms.
o For geometric sequences the sum to infinity can be calculated if the multiplicative
factor r is between -1 and 1 (−1 < 𝑟 < 1).
(You can easily prove this using the general formula and limits!)
o Use of sigma notation for the sum of geometric sequences
• Financial applications of geometric sequences and series
o Compound interest
o Annual depreciation
• All formulas in the formula booklet!

Exponents and logarithms

• Laws of exponents (multiply / divide powers with same base; power of a power)
ax
a a =a
x y x+ y

a y
= a x− y (a ) x y
= a xy
1
𝑎
= 𝑎−1

• Laws of logarithms: equivalent to laws of exponents (just without base)

x
log a xy = log a x + log a y log a = log a x − log a y log a b x = x log a b
y
log c a
• Change of base log b a =
log c b

Simple deductive proofs

• Numerical and algebraic, how to lay out a left hand side to right hand side (LHS to RHS)
proof

Combinations

• Combinations are selections (r objects out of n are selected – their order is not of
importance)
n!
n
Cr =
r!(n − r )!
n objects can be arranged in n! ways, divided by the number of possible arrangements r! of
the r objects selected and the (n-r) objects not selected
• Binomial Theorem
(a + b )n = a n +  a n−1b1 + ... +  a n−r b r + ... + b n
n n
1 r
Tasks: Expand expressions, calculating coefficients of specific terms (especially in
expansions where a constant term appears somewhere in the middle); finding expressions
if specific terms are given

3
Non-GDC/paper 1- section A(short) and B(long)

A1 (short)

A2 (short)

A3 (short)

A4 (short)

A5 (short

4
With GDC/paper 2 - section A(short) and B(long)

A6 (short)

A7 (short)

A8 (short)

A9 (short)

5
A10 (short)

B1 (long)

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Further Examples Algebra

1. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 7

2. Non GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 10

3. (a) Write down the first three terms of the sequence un = 3n, for n ≥1.

(b) Find

20
(i)  3n ;
n =1

100
(ii)  3n .
n = 21
(Total 6 marks)

4. GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 5

7
5. Non GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 4

6. GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 4

7. (a) Consider the geometric sequence −3, 6, −12, 24, ….

(i) Write down the common ratio.

(ii) Find the 15th term.

Consider the sequence x − 3, x +1, 2x + 8, ….

(b) When x = 5, the sequence is geometric.

(i) Write down the first three terms.

(ii) Find the common ratio.

(c) Find the other value of x for which the sequence is geometric.

(d) For this value of x, find

(i) the common ratio;

(ii) the sum of the infinite sequence. (Total 12 marks)

8. Find the sum of the infinite geometric series 2 − 4 + 8 − 16 + ... (Total 4 marks)
3 9 27 81

9. (a) Let logc 3 = p and logc 5 = q. Find an expression in terms of p and q for

(i) log c 15;

(ii) log c 25.

1
(b) Find the value of d if log d 6 = . (Total 6 marks)
2
8
10. Let ln a = p, ln b = q. Write the following expressions in terms of p and q.

(a) ln a3b

 a
(b) ln  
 (Total 6 marks)
 b 

11. Find the exact solution of the equation 92x = 27(1–x). (Total 6 marks)

12. (a) Given that log3 x – log3 (x – 5) = log3 A, express A in terms of x.

(b) Hence or otherwise, solve the equation log3 x – log3 (x – 5) = 1. (Total 6 marks)

13. Solve the equation log27 x = 1 – log27 (x – 0.4). (Total 6 marks)

14. (
Given that 3 + 7 )
3
= p + q 7 where p and q are integers, find

(a) p;

(b) q. (Total 6 marks)

15. Consider the expansion of the expression (x3 − 3x)6.

(a) Write down the number of terms in this expansion.

(b) Find the term in x12. (Total 6 marks)

9
 2 1
16. Consider the expansion of  3 x –  .
 x

(a) How many terms are there in this expansion?

(b) Find the constant term in this expansion. (Total 6 marks)

17. GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 5

18. GDC/N18/TZ0 nb 6

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 2. Functions - summary
Basics
• Function notation, for example 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑣(𝑡), 𝐶(𝑛)
• Domain, range, image (value)
• Composite functions f(g(x)); identity function
• Inverse functions as a reflection in the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 and the
notation 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
• Graphing functions: also using GDC; investigation of
key features (min, max, zeros, line of symmetry, vetex,
horizontal and vertical asymptotes), finding point of
intersections of 2 curves.
• Transformations
o Translations f ( x − c) and f ( x) + d
3
e.g. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 4 is same as 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 translated by vector ( )
4
o Stretches f (bx ) and af (x)
o Reflections: 𝑓(−𝑥) is reflection in y-axis and −𝑓(𝑥) in x-axis

Straight lines
• Equation of a straight line
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐; 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑑 = 0; 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
• Gradient formula
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
• Parallel lines (𝑚1 = 𝑚2 ) and perpendicular lines (𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1)

Quadratics
• Various forms
o General form: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 with y-intercept at (0, 𝑐)
o Completed square (vertex form): 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 with vertex V(h,k)
o Intersect form: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑝)(𝑥 − 𝑞) where (p,0) and (q,0) are x-intercepts
• Solution of quadratics (incl. quadratic formula)
• Use of the discriminant: 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 If discriminant is zero there is one solution, if
negative, there is no solution; otherwise (usually) two solutions

Exponential and logarithmic functions

• Exponential function with base a and base e (Euler number)
Base “a” used with percentage growth/decrease, “e” for continuous growth/decay (e.g. 3%
3
less every year → 𝑎 = 1 – 100 = 0.97 )
• Inverse functions: logarithm with base a and base e (log a x and loge x= ln x )

The reciprocal function

1
• The reciprocal function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, its graph and self- inverse nature
𝑎𝑥+𝑏 𝑑
• Rational functions of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = and their graphs (vertical asymptote at 𝑥 = − 𝑐
𝑐𝑥+𝑑
𝑎
and horizontal asymptote at 𝑦 = )
𝑐

Solving equations both graphically (using the GDC) and analytically

10
Non-GDC/paper 1- section A(short) and B(long)

A1 (short)

A2 (short)

11
With GDC/paper 2- section A(short) and B(long)

A3 (short)

A4 (short)

12
B1 (long)

13
Further Examples Functions
1. Non GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 3

2. Non GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 1

14
3. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 5

4. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 - nb 6

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5. GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 4

6. GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 7.

16
7. Non GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 2

8. Non GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 8

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 3. Geometry and trigonometry–summary
Basics
• SohCahToa in right-angled triangles
• Exact values of trig-ratios (either using graphs of functions of unit-circle)
√0 √1 1 √2 √3 √4 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= 0, = , , , = 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0, , , , (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°)
2 2 2 2 2 2 6 4 3 2
• Radian measure and transformations between degrees and radians
• Bearings: angle from north direction, clockwise (𝑒. 𝑔. 270°𝑇 = 𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡)

Formulas
1
• Area formula for general triangle: 𝐴 = 2 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝛾 where γ is the included angle of sides a
and b
1
• Arcs and sectors length of arc 𝑙 = 𝜃𝑟 and area of sector 𝐴 = 2 𝜃𝑟 2 (𝜃 in radians)
• Unit circle – definition of sin𝜽 and cos𝜽 in terms of the unit circle
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
• Sine-rule = sin 𝐵 = sin 𝐶
sin 𝐴
o Ambiguous case: if two sides and a not-included angle are given, there are two
possible solutions! (Since sin 𝛼 = sin (180° − 𝛼) the one triangle is an acute, the
other an obtuse triangle!)
• Cosine-rule 𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑏𝑐 cos 𝐴 , or similar for any other side
𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑐 cos 𝐵 and c 2 = a2 + b2 -2ab cos C
• Angle of elevation and depression
• Trigonometric identities
o Fundamental identities:
sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 = 1
o Double angle identities are
sin(2𝛼) = 2 sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼
cos(2𝛼) = cos 2 𝛼 − sin2 𝛼 = 2 cos2 𝛼 − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 𝛼

Transformation of trigonometric functions

a sin(𝑏(𝑥 + 𝑐)) + 𝑑

a …… dilation in y-direction: amplitude -a to a if 𝑑 = 0 (else -𝑎 + 𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 + 𝑑)

stretch of scale factor 𝑎 in the y-direction
2𝜋 𝜋
b …… dilation in x-direction: period length 𝑏 for sin(x) or cos(x), 𝑏 for tan(x)
1
stretch of scale factor 𝑏 in the x direction
c …… translation by −𝑐 units in x-direction
d …… translation by 𝑑 units in y-direction

Trigonometric equations
• Watch for the given domain!
• Use trigonometric identities and appropriate substitutions where necessary
• Find ALL solutions!

18
Non-GDC /paper 1- section A(short) and B(long)
A1 (short)

A2 (short)

A3 (short)

A4 (short)

19
A5 (short)

A6 (short)

20
With GDC/paper 2- section A(short) and B(long))

A7 (short)

A8 (short)

21
B1 (long)

22
B2 (long)

23
B3 (long)

24
Further Examples Trigonometry
1. The following diagram shows a pentagon ABCDE, with AB = 9.2 cm, BC = 3.2 cm, BD = 7.1 cm, AÊD
=110, AD̂E = 52 and AB̂D = 60.

(a) Find AD.

(b) Find DE.

(c) The area of triangle BCD is 5.68 cm2.

Find DB̂C .

(d) Find AC.

(e) Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD. (Total 21 marks)

2. The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD. AB = 4, AD = 8, CD =12, B Ĉ D = 25, BÂD =.

(a) Use the cosine rule to show that

BD = 4 5 − 4 cos  .

Let  = 40.

(b) (i) Find the value of sin CB̂D .

(ii) Find the two possible values for

the size of CB̂D .

(iii) Given that CB̂D is an acute angle, find the perimeter of ABCD.

(c) Find the area of triangle ABD. (Total 16 marks)

3. Non GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 7

4. Let p = sin 40 and q = cos 110. Give your answers to the following in terms of p and/or q.

(a) Write down an expression for

(i) sin 140;

(ii) cos 70.

(b) Find an expression for cos 140.

(c) Find an expression for tan 140. (Total 6 marks)

25
5. GDC M18/TZ2 – nb 2

6. Let ƒ (𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏 (𝑥 − 𝑐). Part of the graph of ƒ is given below.

Given that a, b and c are positive, find the value of a, of b and of c. [6]

26
7. GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 7

8. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 4

27
9. GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 3

10. GDC/M18/TZ2- nb 6

28
11. GDC/M18/TZ1- nb 10

29
 4. Statistics and probability - summary
Descriptive statistics (data analysis)
• Concepts of population, sample, random sample, discrete and continuous data
• Interpretation of outliers
• Data presentation: frequency tables, diagrams, box and whisker plots
• Grouped data (using class and class representatives)
• Frequency histograms (using equal class intervals)
• Measures of central tendency
o Mean
o Mode, modal class
o Median
o Quartiles, percentiles
• Measures of dispersion
o Variance and Standard deviation (Careful on GDC use 𝜎𝑥 as standard deviation,
which is the so called “population standard deviation”)
o Range, interquartile range
• Effect of constant changes on the original data
• Cumulative frequency: use to find median, quartiles, percentiles and IQR

Simple probability
𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑛(𝐴)
• Definitions, theoretical probability 𝑝(𝐴) = 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 as well as 𝑝(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝑈)
• Complementary events where 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐴’) = 1
• Mutually exclusive events 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0
• Combined events: 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
• Use VENN diagrams, tree diagrams, sample space diagrams and tables of outcomes to
calculate probabilities
• Tree-diagrams - multiply events along branches for “and”, add branches for “or” cases

Independent events - 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) × 𝑃(𝐵)

• For independent variables 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵′)
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
Conditional Probability - 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) × 𝑃(𝐵) 𝑜𝑟 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)

Random variables
• Distribution tables
• Probability density functions
• Expected value (mean) for discrete data

Discrete Distributions
• Binomial distribution (incl. mean and variance): n Bernoulli trials where random variable X
counts the number of successes

Continuous Distributions
• Normal distribution and its curve
• Properties of the normal distribution
• Normal probability calculations
• Inverse normal calculations
• Standardisation of normal variables (𝑧-values) and inverse normal calculations where mean
and standard deviation are unknown

30
Regression and correlation
• Bivariate data (e.g. size and weight, time and height, age and frequency, etc.)
independent variable x and dependent variable y

• Scatter-diagrams

• Lines of best fit: Line of best fit (by eye) passes through the mean point;
Equation of the regression line of y on x (using technology)
Use of line for prediction purposes (interpolation and extrapolation)

• Correlation coefficient r (Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient) and

interpretation of results (positive, zero, negative; strong, weak, no correlation)
Use of GDC to calculate r

31
Non-GDC/paper 1- section A(short) and B(long)

A1 (short)

A2 (short)

A3 (short)

32
B1 (long)

33
B2 (long)

34
With GDC - paper 2- section A(short) and B(long)

A4 (short)

A5 (short)

A6 (short)

35
A7 (short)

36
A8 (short)

A9 (short)

37
B3

B4

38
B5

39
Further Examples Statistics and Probability

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

1. In a school with 125 girls, each student is tested to see how many sit-up exercises (sit-ups) she
can do in one minute. The results are given in the table below.

Cumulative
Number of sit-ups Number of students
number of students
15 11 11
16 21 32
17 33 p
18 q 99
19 18 117
20 8 125

(a) (i) Write down the value of p.

(ii) Find the value of q.

(b) Find the median number of sit-ups.

(c) Find the mean number of sit-ups. (Total 7 marks)

2. The population below is listed in ascending order.

5, 6, 7, 7, 9, 9, r, 10, s, 13, 13, t

The median of the population is 9.5. The upper quartile Q3 is 13.

(a) Write down the value of (i) r; (ii) s.

(b) The mean of the population is 10. Find the value of t. (Total 6 marks)

3. A set of data is 18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 27, 28, 28, 31, 34, 34, 36.

The box and whisker plot for this data is shown below.

(a) Write down the values of A, B, C, D and E.

A = ...... B = ...... C= ...... D = ...... E = ......

(b) Find the interquartile range. (Total 6 marks)

40
4. Non GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 2

5. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 3

41
 PROBABILITY

6. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 8

7. GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 5

42
8. GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 1

9. GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 2

PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

10. A factory makes switches. The probability that a switch is defective is 0.04.
The factory tests a random sample of 100 switches.

(a) Find the mean number of defective switches in the sample.

(b) Find the probability that there are exactly six defective switches in the sample.

(c) Find the probability that there is at least one defective switch in the sample. (Total 7 marks)
43
11. Non GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 9

12. GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 9

44
 13. GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 10

14. The weights of a group of children are normally distributed with a mean of 22.5 kg and a
standard deviation of 2.2 kg.

(a) Write down the probability that a child selected at random has a weight more than 25.8
kg.

(b) Of the group 95 weigh less than k kilograms. Find the value of k.

(c) The diagram below shows a normal curve. [see next page!!!]

On the diagram, shade the region that represents the following information:

87 of the children weigh less than 25 kg

(Total 6 marks)

45
15. GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 9

16. A box contains a large number of biscuits. The weights of biscuits are normally distributed with mean 7 g
and standard deviation 0.5 g.

(a) One biscuit is chosen at random from the box. Find the probability that this biscuit

(i) weighs less than 8 g;

(ii) weighs between 6 g and 8 g.

(b) Five percent of the biscuits in the box weigh less than d grams.

(i) Copy and complete the following normal distribution diagram, to represent this information,
by indicating d, and shading the appropriate region.

(ii) Find the value of d.

(c) The weights of biscuits in another box are normally distributed with mean  and standard deviation
0.5 g. It is known that 20 of the biscuits in this second box weigh less than 5 g.

Find the value of . (Total 13 marks)

46
REGRESSION AND CORRELATION

17.

18.

47
19.

20.

48
 5. Calculus – summary
Introduction to the concept of a limit

Differentiation
𝑑𝑦
• Derivative interpreted as gradient function and as rate of change, notation 𝑓 ′ (𝑥), 𝑑𝑥 , …
• Derivatives of 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑠, 𝑒 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑙𝑛𝑥 (see formula booklet)
• Rules
o Product-rule
o Quotient-rule (can be replaced by product-rule by using uv-1 instead of the fraction 𝑢𝑣
o Chain-rule - inclusive repeated use of chain-rule
𝑑²𝑦
• The second derivative 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥), ,
𝑑𝑥²
• The graphical behaviour of functions including the relation between the graphs of 𝑓, 𝑓 ′ , 𝑓′′

• Applications of differentiation
o Finding the equation of tangents and normals (using 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑚 and −𝑚1 = 𝑚𝑛 )
o Local maximum and minimum points - testing for a min 𝑓’(𝑥) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓’’(𝑥) > 0) or a
max (𝑓’(𝑥) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓’’(𝑥) < 0)
o Points of inflexion (𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓’’’(𝑥) ≠ 0) with zero and non-zero gradients
(stationary and non stationary points of inflexion)
o Using the terms concave up (𝑓′′(𝑥) > 0) and concave down for (𝑓′′(𝑥) < 0)
o Optimization: always bring down to one equation in one unknown that needs to be
optimized – optimization problems may include profit, area and volume
o Kinematic problems involving displacement 𝑠, velocity 𝑣, and acceleration 𝑎

Integration
• Integration as anti-differentiation
o Indefinite integrals - solving for “c”
1
o Indefinite integral of 𝑥 𝑛 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑄, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, cos 𝑥, 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 𝑥
o Indefinite integral of the composites of any of these with the linear function 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
1
(e.g 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = cos(2𝑥 + 3) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 sin(2𝑥 + 3) + 𝐶
o Integration by inspection or simple substitution
key formula: ∫ 𝑓(𝑢(𝑥)) ⋅ 𝑢′ (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = 𝐹(𝑥) + 𝑐

• Applications of integration
o Finding the value of definite integrals
o Area under and between curves: watch for negative areas (under x-axis)
o Kinematic problems involving displacement 𝑠, velocity 𝑣, acceleration 𝑎 and the total
distance travelled

49
Non-GDC/paper 1- section A(short) and B(long)

A1 (short)

A2 (short)

A3

50
B1 (long)

B2 (long)

51
B3 (long)

52
B4

53
B5

54
With GDC/paper 2- section A(short) and B(long)

A4 (short)

A5

A6

55
B6 (long)

B7 (long)

56
57
Mixed Examples Calculus
1. Differentiate each of the following with respect to x.

(a) y = sin 3x

(b) y = x tan x
ln x
(c) y= (Total 6 marks)
x

2
2. Let f (x) = 3x .
5x − 1

(a) Write down the equation of the vertical asymptote of y = f (x).

Find f ′ (x). Give your answer in the form ax + bx2 where a and b 
2
(b) . (Total 5 marks)
(5 x − 1)

1 3
3. Consider f (x) = x + 2x2 – 5x. Part of the graph of f is shown below. There is a maximum point at M,
3
and a point of inflexion at N.

(a) Find f ′ (x).

(b) Find the x-coordinate of M.

(c) Find the x-coordinate of N.

(d) The line L is the tangent to the curve of f at (3, 12). Find the equation of L in the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 +
𝑏.

(Total 14 marks)

4. Non GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 4

58
59
5. Non GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 7

6. Non GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 8

7. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 2

60
8. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 10

9. GDC/M18/TZ1 – nb 1

10. Non GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 6

61
 3
11. It is given that 
1
𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 5.

3
(a) Write down 
1
2 𝑓 (𝑥)𝑑x.

3
(b) Find the value of 
1
(3𝑥2 + 𝑓 (𝑥))𝑑𝑥. [6]

12. Non GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 10

13. The following diagram shows a rectangular area ABCD enclosed on three sides by 60 m of
fencing, and on the fourth by a wall AB.

Find the width of the rectangle that gives its maximum area. [6]

62
14. The diagram below shows the graphs of f (x) = 1 + e2x, g (x) = 10x + 2, 0  x  1.5.
y
f

16 g

12

p
8

x
0.5 1 1.5

(a) (i) Write down an expression for the vertical distance p between the graphs of f and g.

(ii) Given that p has a maximum value for 0  x  1.5, find the value of x at which this occurs.

15. Non GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 9

63
16. GDC/M18/TZ2 – nb 9

17. GDC/N18/TZ0 – nb 4

64
18.

Solution nb 18

65
 6. Solutions and Markschemes
Algebra
A1

A2

A3

A4

66
A5

A6

A7

67
A8

A9

68
A10

69
B1

70
Further examples ALGEBRA
1.

2.

71
3.

20 100
(a) 3, 6, 9 (b) 
n =1
3n = 630 (ii)  3n =14520
n = 21

4.

5.

72
6.

7. (𝑎)(𝑖) 𝑟 = −2 (𝑖𝑖) 𝑢15 = −49152 (𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 − 49200) (𝑏)(𝑖) 2, 6, 18 (𝑖𝑖) 𝑟 = 3

1
(𝑐) 𝑥 = −5 (𝑑) (𝑖) 𝑟 = 𝑆 = −16
2

2
8.
5

9. (𝑎)(𝑖) 𝑝 + 𝑞 (𝑖𝑖) 2𝑞 (𝑏) 𝑑 = 36

1
10. (𝑎) 3𝑝 + 𝑞 (𝑏) 2
𝑝 −𝑞

3
11. x=
7

x 15
12. (𝑎) A = (𝑏) x =
x −5 2

13. 𝑥 = 5.4

73
14. (3 + 7 ) = 90 + 34
3
7 , 𝑝 = 90 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 = 34

15. (𝑎) 7 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 (𝑏) − 540𝑥12

16. (𝑎) 10 (𝑏) 2268
17.

74
18.

Functions
A1

A2

75
A3

A4

76
B1

77
Further examples FUNCTIONS
1.

𝑥+7
2. (𝑎)4 (𝑏)5 (𝑐) 𝑔−1 (𝑥) =
3

3.

4. 2 roots because 𝑞² + 16𝑝² > 0

5. (a) 𝑉(1,5) (𝑐) 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 9

78
6. (𝑎) 𝑐 = −2 (𝑏) 𝑦 = −4 (𝑐) 𝑘 = 4, 𝑘 = 0
7. (𝑎) 3 (𝑏) 5 (𝑐) 1
8. (𝑎)(−1,0) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5,0) (𝑏) 𝑥 = 2 (𝑐) ℎ = 2, 𝑘 = −9 (𝑑) 𝑉(−5, −3)

Trigonometry
A1 A3

A2 N1c

A4

79
A5

A6

80
A7

81
A8

B1

82
B2

B3

83
Further examples TRIGONOMETRY

1. (a) AD = 8.35 (cm)

84
 DE 8.35
(b) eg = DE = 2.75 (cm)
sin 18 sin 110

(c) DB̂C 30 and/or 150

(d) AC = 9.74 (cm)
(e) Area of ABCD = 28.28... + 5.68 = 34.0 (cm2)

2. (a) BD = 4 2 + 8 2 − 2  4  8 cos θ factorize 16, BD = 16(5 − 4 cos θ ) = 4 5 − 4 cos θ

(b) (i) sin CB̂D = 0.911

(ii) CB̂D = 65.7 Or CB̂D = 114

(iii) BD̂C = 89.3 Perimeter = 4 + 8 + 12 + 13.2 = 37.2

1
(c) Area =  4  8  sin 40° = 10.3
2
17
3. cos(4𝑥) = 81

4. (a) (i) sin 140 = p

(ii) cos 70 = −q

(b) METHOD 1 evidence of using sin2  + cos2  = 1 eg diagram, cos 140 = − 1 − p 2

METHOD 2 evidence of using cos2  = 2 cos2  − 1 cos 140 = 2q2 − 1

sin 140 p
(c) METHOD 1 tan 140 = =−
cos 140 1− p 2

p
METHOD 2 tan 140 =
2q − 1
2

5. (a) 𝐷𝐵 = 9.57 (cm) - use the sine rule

(b) 𝐷𝐶 = 10.6 (𝑐𝑚) – use the cosine rule
  3 
6. a = 4, b = 2, c =  or etc 
2  2 

7.

85
8. 𝑟 = 4𝑐𝑚

9. (a) 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 8𝜃 − 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 (𝑏) 𝜃 = 2.27

10. (a) 𝑘 = 6
(b) 𝑎 = −55.5
(c) 𝑡 = 18.5 𝑚𝑖𝑛 – solve 30 = ℎ(𝑡)𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑦𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝐺𝐷𝐶‼!

11. (a) 𝐴(−0.395, 13)

(b) (𝑖) 13 (𝑖𝑖) 2𝜋
(c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 13cos (𝑥 + 0.395)
(d) 13 cm/s (d) at 1.02

Statistics and probability

A1 B1

86
A2

A3 B2

87
88
89
A4

A5

A7

90
A6

A8

91
A9

92
B3

B4

93
B5

94
95
Further examples STATISTICS
1. (𝑎)(𝑖)𝑝 = 65(𝑖𝑖) 𝑞 = 34(𝑏) 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠 17 (𝑠𝑖𝑡 − 𝑢𝑝𝑠)(𝑐) 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 17.4

2. (𝑎)(𝑖)𝑟 = 10(𝑖𝑖) 𝑠 = 13(𝑏) 𝑡 = 18

3. (a) 𝐴 = 18, 𝐵 = 19, 𝐶 = 23, 𝐷 = 31, 𝐸 = 36 (𝑏)𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 𝐷 − 𝐵 = 12

4. (𝑎) 𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 7 (𝑏) 𝑘 = 22

5. (𝑎)𝑛 = 40(𝑏) (𝑖) 200 (𝑖𝑖) 900

3 3 7
6. (𝑏) 32
(𝑐) 0.25 (𝑑) 𝑃(𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 7/𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒) = 8 (𝑒) 16

7.

18 24
8. (𝑎) 17 (𝑏) (𝑖) 35
(𝑖𝑖) 35

96
10. (a) mean = 4 (b) P(X = 6) = 0.105 (c) P(X  1) = 0.983

11.

c) 𝑘 = 5

12. (a) 0.695

97
13.

14. (𝑎) 0.0668(𝑏) 𝑘 = 26.1 𝑘𝑔

(c)

98
15. (𝑎) 0.0107 (𝑏) 𝜎 = 0.220

16. 𝑋 ~ 𝑁 (7, 0.52)

(𝑎)(𝑖) 𝑃(𝑋 < 8) = 𝑃(𝑍 < 2) = 0.977(𝑖𝑖) 𝑃(6 < 𝑋 < 8) = 0.954 (𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠 0.955)
(b) (i)

d
(𝑖𝑖) 𝑑 = 6.18

99
Regression and correlation

17. (𝑎) (𝑖) 𝑟 = 0.947(𝑖𝑖) 𝑎 = 0.501, 𝑏 = 0.804 b) y=2.7 hours (or 2 hours 39.4 min)

18. (𝑎) 𝑟 = 0.996 𝑏) 𝑎 = 3.15 𝑏 = −15.4 c) 66.4704

19. (𝑎)(𝑖) 𝑎 = 4.8, 𝑏 = 1.2 (𝑖𝑖) 𝑟 = 0.998 b) 34.8 (millions of dollars)

20. (𝑎)(𝑖) 𝑎 = 0.0824, 𝑏 = 0.306 (ii) average amount of fuel required to drive 1 km b) 9.37 (litres)

100
Calculus
A1 B1

A2

101
102
A3

A4

A5

A6

103
104
B3 B2

105
B4

106
B5

B6

107
B7

108
Further examples CALCULUS

dy dy x dy 1 − ln x
1. (a) = 3 cos 3x (b) = + tan x (c) =
dx dx cos 2 x dx x2

1 15 x 2 − 6 x
2. (a) x= (b) = (accept a = 15, b = –6)
5 (5 x − 1) 2

3. (a) f  (x) = x2 + 4x − 5 (b) x = − 5 (c) x = − 2 (d) y = 16x − 36

4. (a) (i) 𝑝 = 1 (ii) use 𝑓’(1) = 0 (b) 𝑐 = 1

1
5. gradient of the normal 20

6. (a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 − 8 (b) 𝑝 = −3 (c) 𝑥 < −3

3𝑥 2 19
7. (a) 2𝑥 3 − 2
+𝑐 (b) 2

8. (a) 𝑓 ′ (2) = 3 and 𝑓(2) = 7 (b) 𝑔′ (1) = 6 (c) 𝑦 = 1

1
9. (a) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 − 5 (b) 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −𝑥 −2 (c) 𝑥 = 0.558

10. use substitution 𝑢 = 16 + 6𝑥 − 𝑥² 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2

3x 2 + f (x ) dx =  f (x ) dx = 26+5
3 3 3
11. (a) 10 (b) 
1 1
3x 2 dx +
1

12. (a) P(0, 6) (b) (i) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 𝑎 (ii) 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 6 (c) 𝑎 = −4

13. w = 15 m l = 15 m

1n 5
14.(a) (i) vertical distance g – f (ii) x = (= 0.805)
2

20
15. (a) ℎ = 𝑟²
(b) use an expression for the surface area of the cylinder!!! (c) 240𝜋 cents

16. (a) 𝑣 = 7 𝑚/𝑠 (b) 24.7 𝑚/𝑠 (c) 3 (d) 𝑎 = −9.25𝑚/𝑠² (e) 63.9 m

17. (a) 𝑡 = 2.95 𝑠 (b) 𝑎(2) = 0.659 𝑚/𝑠² (c) distance = 5.35 (m)
109