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Bounded Analytic Functions in Bloch Space

This document discusses bounded analytic functions and the little Bloch space. It considers the radial limits of the weighted derivative of bounded analytic functions. The main result is that if f is in the bounded analytic function space Hm, then the derivative of f evaluated at radial limits f'(re^iθ) approaches 0 almost everywhere as r approaches 1. To prove this, the document establishes an approximate identity for the Poisson kernel and uses it to show the radial limits of the weighted derivative are equal to the derivative of the boundary limits almost everywhere.

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22 views6 pages

Bounded Analytic Functions in Bloch Space

This document discusses bounded analytic functions and the little Bloch space. It considers the radial limits of the weighted derivative of bounded analytic functions. The main result is that if f is in the bounded analytic function space Hm, then the derivative of f evaluated at radial limits f'(re^iθ) approaches 0 almost everywhere as r approaches 1. To prove this, the document establishes an approximate identity for the Poisson kernel and uses it to show the radial limits of the weighted derivative are equal to the derivative of the boundary limits almost everywhere.

Uploaded by

贾政
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Internat. J. Math. & Math. Sci.

193
VOL. 13 NO. (1990) 193-198

BOUNDED ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS AND THE LITTLE BLOCH SPACE


ROHAN ATTELE
Department of Mathematics
University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Charlotte, NC 28223

(Received April 24, 1984 and in revised form May 29, 1989)

ABSTRACT. The radial limits of the weighted derivative of an bounded analytic


function is considered.

KEY WORI AND ES. Bloch space, Bounded analytic functions.


1980 AMS SUBECT CLASSIFICATION ODES. Primary 30A, Secondary 30H05

1, INTRODUCTION.
Let D denote the unit disc of the complex plane C nd let Hm denote the
space of bounded analytic functions on D. An analytic function on D is called a
Bloch function if Sup f’(z)l (l-lzl 2 < m. The space of Bloch functions is a
zeD
Banach space with norm

I1’11 If(o)l / su If’(z)l


zD
(.-l.12).
A Blooh function is in the little Bloch space 0’ if f’(z) (1-[z[ 2) 0 as [z
1-. An immediate consequence of Schwartz leaa (see for example [2], Lemma 1.2)
is that H C ,however it is well known (see section 3 for an explicit example)
that H 0" The main result of this paper is to show that, if f Hm then
i8 2)
f’(r e (1-r 0 for almost all 8 as r 1-.

2. APPROXIMATE IDENTITY.
In this section we establish an approximate identity 8/in to the Poisson
Kernel.

1. Let 0 < r 1, t [ and


194 R. ATTELE

g(r,t) :
(l-r2) 3
(l+r 2) (I 2r cos t + r2) 2

Then
2
) (r,t)dt 1.

PRCF" Let P (t) 1-r2 + 2 n


r cos nt be the Poisson
r 2
2r cos t + r
1
kernel. As usual let L2 be the Lebese 2-spece on [0,2]. Then,

(l-r2)
2 p(r,t)dt 2 Pr(t)
_z
l+r L2

I(l+r)
I + 2 ,1
rn cos nt, + 2 ,
1
Pn cos nt

l-r2 (I+2 r2n )=I


2
l+r 1

Let # be a complex measure on [-z, ] and suppose the derivative


2.
D#(8) exists for some point 0. Then

p(r, 0-t) d(t) + D(0) s r -.


2z

PRfX)F: The usual approximate identity proof with the Poisson kernel Pr (@-t)
(see for example [1] pae 4) works for f(r, 0-t) as well.
Without loss of generality we may assume that 0 : 0. Let A D(0) and

then
u re
i 0) 1
z f(r, 0-t) d(t).

u re
i 0) -A 1
2 II f(r,t) [d(t) Adt]

2x

I
2%
[f(r,t) [(t)

j’ ((t) -At)
At]

- dt
BOUNDED ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS AND THE LITTLE BLOCH SPACE 195

where #(t) is the function of Bounded Variation associated with #. Note that
the first term tends to 0 s r I-. Fix 0 snd let _< Itl _< x.
Then
(I-r2)3
I-t (r,tll < 2 16r sin6/2
Hence for each 6 0,

u(re i8) A- I 0

as r I-, where

(#(t) At) dt
T
(t),- (-t) t( -#F dt
2 -6 at 0 2t t

Given 6 O, chose 6 > 0 such that

(t) (-t) A < T for 0 < t _< 6.


t

Then t dt"
2 0
at

But then (r,t)


l_r2) 3 4r sin t
at (l+r2) (1 2r cos t + r 2)3

Hence [I6[ _< 2


t (-(r,t))dt
at

It (r,t)] + (r,t)dt
2x 0 2x 0

<_ (r,t)dt 6.
2x

Now we are ready to prove the main result of this pper. We may recall that if f
6 H
m
then the radial limits, lim f(re f(e i8)
exists for almost all 8 and i8)
rl-
that

I(
[Link] 8)
2x x (l-r2)
2r cos(8-t) + r
2
f(eit )dt.
196 R. ATTELE

Taking derivatives with respect to r, we get

e f’ (re
I
I 1 (re i8) I2(reiS),
where
ii (reiS)
1
2z z
-z
2)
-2r
2r cos(8-t) + r2
f(e
it
)dt and

i2(rei8 _/_I
z I (l-r
(1
(r cos(8-t))
2r cos(8-t) + 2 r2)
f(eit )dt. Note that (l-r) I

f(e i8) for almost all 8 as r 1-. Also

(l-r) 1 (1-r 2) (-cos(8-t) + 1) f(eit)dt


12 r
(l-r)
(1 2r cos(8-t) + r 2)2

The first term in

r 1-.
I2(1-r)
However the second term of
(l-r)2

-
Iz
is dominated by
(1

I2(1-r)
(l_r 2)
2r cos(8-t) + r

is
2)2
f(eit)dt.

and hence tends to zero as

2( l+r 2) f(r, 0-t) f(e it)dt f(e i8)


(l+r) 2 2z
for almost all 8 as r 1- by Leam 2.

The Proof is complete.

3. A BLASCHKE PIODLL NOT IN


s0"
In this section, for completeness sake we give an explicit example of an bounded
analytic function which is not in
0’
First we state an elementary lemma, whose proof we omit.

3. Let 0 < r < i. Then


x
< < 1, <

-
(a) If 0 x r then -in (l-x)
1-r
l-x
(b) decreases on < x < -!-1
r
1-xr
l+x 1
(c) increases on -m < x < r
1-xr
4. Let a
n n
and 2n a
n
+ an+ with n> 1
2
BOUNDED ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS AND THE LITTLE BLOCH SPACE 197

Then li___m [[ for some c.


mm n:

POOF" Fix m > I. We first show that

in
m+l

For,

in in (l-
(1-an)(1 + m
1-a
m+l m+ n m

1-
m+l /m (1- an (1 +Sm
m]
(use Lenna 3 (a) and (b)).
em+l m+ 1-

-
Then
(1 laml 2)
m+l
In
(m+l m
2
(l-m) m! 1___ < 32.
2n

Now applying Lemma 3 (c) to ,


l+x
we have
1-m)(l+an _< l-m)(1+am)
Ill

for < n < m.


Thus,
m m

n=l mnfl’m n-l.

m
by lemma 3 (a),(c).
%- qm n:l an m

Hence

m m
t,m/n,
n:l
in -<
tim am
] (1-I/m) n=l
2

2 in

(1-1m) Y. 2
n+l

-’-( m+l-am 1
198 R. ATTELE

Now Lemma 3 follows.

COROLLARY I. Let b be the Blaschke product with zeros {a


n
n > I}. Then

b’(r)(1-r) 0 as r 1-.

POOF- Let c l-
rl-
Then for sufficiently large

Ib{n) -< e
In
n
1-r
dr _< c
an+

n
1-r
dr c In 2.

Hence by LenIaa 4,

lim [b’(r)[ (l-r) O.


r-l-

I. DUREN, Peter L., Theory of Hp spaces, Academic Press, 1970.

2. Garnett, John B., Bounded Analytic Functions, Academic Press, 1981.

Common questions

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The little Bloch space consists of functions such that the derivative f'(z) multiplied by (1-|z|^2) approaches zero as |z| approaches 1. This space is included as a subset in the Bloch space, defined by certain bounded conditions on the derivative of analytic functions, whereas bounded analytic functions may not fulfill such constraints at the boundary .

The Poisson kernel is used extensively to establish approximate identities that aid in analyzing the properties of functions in the Bloch space. By deploying the Poisson kernel, key limits are demonstrated, particularly concerning radial limits and weighted derivatives for bounded analytic functions. The kernel acts as an integral tool to transition between boundary values and the properties of functions within the disc, which is essential in proving the stated results about functions belonging to the Bloch space .

Radial limits provide insight into the boundary behavior of bounded analytic functions. It is shown that for a function f in the space of bounded analytic functions (Hm) on the unit disc, the radial limits exist for almost all angles θ as r approaches 1. This convergence helps in analyzing the behavior of such functions as they approach the boundary of the unit disc, and it supports the main result regarding weighted derivatives of bounded functions .

Hp spaces, which are spaces of analytic functions with bounded mean p-norm, provide a foundational framework that underpins the study of bounded analytic functions. The document's analysis on bounded analytic functions and radial limits relates closely with the foundational properties established in Hp spaces. Concepts from the theory, such as the bounded mean properties, influence the results concerning the existence of radial limits and the approximation identities found in bounded analytic function studies .

Lemma 3 provides crucial inequalities involving sequences which help in demonstrating when certain bounded analytic functions do not adhere to the conditions required for membership in certain function spaces like the little Bloch space. These inequalities are integral for proving that combinations or adjustments of sequences satisfy or do not satisfy the decay requirements necessary for inclusion in the little Bloch space, directly impacting the understanding of the structural limits of these functions .

Functions of bounded variation assist in refining the handling of function limits within integral approximations. Through functions of bounded variation, bounds on oscillations can be understood, effectively controlling convergence behavior at the unit circle boundary. This is particularly important in demonstrating the main theorem, where function behavior at boundary points and variations can be measured and controlled, allowing for the limits to properly manifest as established sides of the arguments given .

The structural properties essential for analytic functions within the Bloch space include boundedness of the derivative when adjusted with (1 - |z|^2). A function f is required to have these conditions satisfied globally across the unit disc and particularly as it approaches the boundary. These provide the necessary norm controls that permit the functions to maintain their Bloch space membership, ensuring their differential relations boundedness .

The Blaschke product is significant as it represents a class of bounded analytic functions with zeros inside the unit disc that do not necessarily belong to the little Bloch space. An explicit example is provided to illustrate a bounded analytic function not in the little Bloch space. The example underscores the nature of zeros chosen such that the resulting Blaschke product violates the decay condition required for membership in the little Bloch space .

Integration measures, specifically those related to complex measures, facilitate evaluating certain integral identities that are crucial for proving radial limits and other properties of bounded analytic functions. By applying integration techniques over the complex plane and using functions of bounded variation, one can handle approximations and limits effectively, which are central to demonstrating the boundary behavior of these functions as described in the document .

Theorems around bounded analytic functions, such as those describing radial limits and Poisson kernel applicability, produce broader implications in mathematical research, prompting reevaluation of boundary conditions and integration principles within complex analysis. Such proofs push the boundaries of understanding in analytic functions and present steps further solidifying the interconnections of related mathematical concepts. These exploratory results guide new research directions and contribute to the advancement in precise definitional space applications, impacting future functional analysis research .

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