RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 23 - Respiratory System

Wednesday, 23 March 2022 5:54 am Respiratory System

Review Comp Quiz #5

1 Compliance of the lungs and thorax D
a. is the volume by which the lungs and respiratory quiz questions
thorax change for each unit change of
alveolar pressure. 1 This is direction of diffusion of gases and capillaries near Oxygen out of
b. increases in emphysema. systemic cells. blood Carbon
c. decreases because of lack of a. Oxygen into blood , Carbon dioxide into blood dioxide into
surfactant. b. Oxygen out of blood Carbon dioxide into blood blood
d. all of the above. c. Oxygen into bloods Carbon dioxide out of blood
d. Oxygen out of blood , Carbon dioxide out of blood
2 Given these lung volumes: B
tidal volume = 500 mL 2 This is direction of diffusion of gases a the alveoli of the lungs. Oxygen into
residual volume = 1000 mL Oxygen into blood, carbon dioxide into blood bloods Carbon
inspiratory reserve volume = 2500 mL Oxygen out of blood, carbon dioxide into blood dioxide out of
expiratory reserve volume = 1000 mL Oxygen into bloods Carbon dioxide out of blood blood
dead space = 1000 mL Oxygen out of blood, Carbon dioxide out of blood
The vital capacity is 3 Internal respiration occurs between which of the following? Systemic
a. 3000 mi. Alveoli and tissue cells capillaries and
b. 4000 mi. Systemic and pulmonary capillaries tissue cells
c. 6000 mi. Alveoli and trachea
d. 3500 mi. Systemic capillaries and tissue cells
e. 5000 mi. Right and left ventricles
3 The alveolar ventilation is the C 4 Which region of the pharynx is NOT involved in ventilation? Oropharynx
a. tidal volume times the respiratory rate. Oropharynx
b. minute ventilation plus the dead space. Nasopharynx
c. amount of air available for gas exchange Laryngopharynx
in the lungs. All of the above
d. vital capacity divided by the respiratory None of the above
rate. 5 Exhalation begins when inspiratory
e. inspiratory reserve volume times minute inspiratory muscles relax muscles relax
ventilation. diaphragm contracts
4 During quiet expiration, the D blood circulation is the lowest
a. abdominal muscles relax. Both a and b
b. diaphragm moves inferiorly. All of the above
c. external intercostal muscles contract. 6 When the lung volume increases, Inhalation
d. thorax and lungs passively recoil. Inhalation occurs occurs
e. all of the above. Exhalation occurs
5 Contraction of the bronchiolar smooth muscle D Both
has which of these effects? neither
a. A smaller pressure gradient is required to 7 Which of the following muscles are involved with restful None of the
get the same rate of airflow, exhalation? above
b. compared with normal bronchioles. Diaphragm
c. It increases airflow through the External Intercostals
bronchioles. External Intercostals
d. It increases resistance to airflow. None of the above
e. It increases alveolar ventilation.
8 When the diaphragm domes, which of the following happens? Exhalation
6 During expiration, the alveolar pressure is B (greater Increase in lung volume
a. less than the pleural pressure. than the Decrease in lung pressure
b. greater than the atmospheric pressure. barometric Exhalation
c. less than the atmospheric pressure. pressure.) Inhalation
d. unchanged. Both decrease in ng pressure and inhalation
7 The lungs do not normally collapse because of D 9 The conducting airways with the air that does not undergo respiratory dead
a. surfactant. respiratory exchange are known as the space
b. pleural pressure. inspiratory volume
c. elastic recoil. expiratory reserve volume
d. both a and b. minimal volume
8 During a normal inspiration the volume of the A residual volume
thoracic cavity expands. As a result, pleural respiratory dead space
pressure ______ and alveolar pressure______
a. decreases, decreases 10 This is the sum of the residual and the expiratory reserve Functional
b. decreases, increases volume. residual
c. increases, decreases Total lung capacity capacity
d. increases, increases Functional residual capacity
Inspiratory capacity
9 Immediately after the creation of an opening A Vital capacity
through the thorax into the pleural cavity Minimal volume
a. air flows through the hole and into the 11 Which is a normal resting respiratory rate for adult? 12-20 cycles per
pleural cavity 12-20 cycles per minute minute
b. air flows through the hole and out of the 18-30 cycles per minute
pleural cavity. 40-60 cycles per minute
c. air flows neither out nor in 60-100 cycles per minute
d. the lung protrudes through the hole
12 Which is the dominant method of carbon dioxide transport? Dissolved in
10 The rate of diffusion of a gas across the C Bound to hemoglobin plasma as
respiratory membrane increases as the Bound to oxygen bicarbonate ions
a. respiratory membrane becomes thicker. Dissolved in plasma as a gas
b. surface area of the respiratory Dissolved in plasma as bicarbonate ions
membrane decreases. Diffusion
c. partial pressure gradient of the gas
across the respiratory membrane 13 Given: TV = 400 mi; IRV - 900 mi; ERV - 300 mi; RV - 500 mi
increase Compute for the following:
d. diffusion coefficient of the gas decreases. FRC = 800
e. all of the above IC = 1300
VC = 1600
11 The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the B TLC = 2100
venous blood is
a. greater than in the tissue spaces.
b. less than in the tissue spaces.
c. less than in the alveoli.
d. less than in arterial blood.

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12 Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood B
a. dissolved in plasma.
b. bound to blood proteins.
c. within HCO3.
d. bound to the heme portion of
hemoglobin.
13 When blood passes through the tissues, the C
hemoglobin in blood is better able to combine
with carbon dioxide because of the
a. Bohr effect.
b. Boyle's effect.
c. Haldane effect.
d. Dalton effect.
e. chloride shift.
14 The oxygen—hemoglobin dissociation curve is B
adaptive because it
a. shifts to the right in the pulmonary
capillaries and to the left in the tissue
capillaries.
b. shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries
and to the right in the tissue capillaries.
c. does not shift.
15 Which of these parts of the brainstem is C
correctly matched with its main function?
a. ventral respiratory group—stimulates the
diaphragm
b. dorsal respiratory group—limits inflation
of the lungs
c. pontine respiratory group—switches
between inspiration god expiration
d. all of the above

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 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM CONDUCTING ZOME
Monday, 21 March 2022 12:59 pm
• allow air to pass through and exit
• Anatomic dead space
• Respiration - gas exchange RESPIRATORY ZONE
• Ventilation - breathing; movement of air • Where gas exchange occur

1. Pulmonary ventilation LUNG VOLUME AND CAPACITIES

2. External respiration Spirometry
▪ Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
▪ Pulmonary respiration
3. Internal respiration
▪ Systemic respiration
▪ Tissues
▪ Gas exchange between tissues of the body and the
capillaries

MECH. OF VENTILATION
• 1 cycle - inhalation & exhalation Tidal volume
• 12-20 cpm • amount of air inhaled and exhaled during relaxed breathing
○ Inhale, exhale - 1 cycle • 500ml of air
Inspiratory reserve volume
MECHANICAL RESPIRATION • Amount of air during forceful inhalation
INHALATION/ INSPIRATION • 3100ml
• Diaphragm is a dome-shape structure Expiratory reserve volume
○ Pleurae - attaches diaphragm to lungs • Amount of air during forceful exhalation
• INHALATION • 1200ml
○ When diaphragm contacts - flattens; ↑volume↓pressure Residual volume
▪ (-) pressure breathing • Amount of air left in the lungs even after forceful exhalation
□ Air gets to be vacuumed in • 1200ml
○ Mechanical process - inhalation
▪ Active process Inspiratory capacity
□ Contraction of muscles • Amount of air inhaled
▪ External intercostals • Tidal volume
▪ Related to boyle's law • IRV
○ Deep sigh - shoulder muscles and neck muscles assist Functional residual capacity
• EXHALATION • ERV; RV
○ When diaphragm domes - return to shape/relax; Vital capacity
○ Passive process • Amount of air regularly utilized
▪ Resting exhalation • Whether forceful or restful
▪ No contraction of muscles Total lung capacity
○ Lung recoil • Sum of all capacity
▪ Ribs lowers
▪ ↑pressure↓volume
□ Causes air to exit
○ Forceful exhalation
▪ Some muscles contract
□ Internal intercostals
□ Abdominal muscles
▪ Help decrease volume in the lungs
□ Allowing air to go out

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