TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO NO
ABSTRACT I
LIST OF ABBREVIATION II
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 AIM
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.3 MOTIVATION
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 COMPONENTS EXPLANATION
3.3 METHODOLOGY
3.4 FLOW DIAGRAM
3.5 SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY
3.6 BREAD BOARD CONNECTION
3.7 WORKING
4 CONCLUSION
5 REFERENCES
ABSTRACT
Many of us faced with the problem of forgetting and taking the medicine at wrong
time. Taking medicine at irregularly and skipping it could create a huge problem. There are
several grandparents, who still need to be depend on someone for their medicine. Though
there exist several technologies for detecting precautions earlier, there does not occur any
kind of solution for this problem. Our problem greatly finds a solution to this problem. Our
designed automated robot basically does two important functions. One is to alarm the people
at the correct time and the other is to provide tablets according to the time slots. The input to
the robot is the prescription received from corresponding doctors. According to that we can
set the robot. We need to supply the medicines in the compartment. Once if the medicine is
left empty, it again intimates them. Upon intimating it also helps the person to reset the
medicine information. The robot works in such a way that, it starts to work with the details of
prescription and medicine. At corresponding time, it notifies them by just ringing the alarm.
Based on that, the person could just get the remembrance that it’s time to take the
medicines. Once the alarm rang, the medicines of that slot alone with come to the other
compartment. It basically separates the medicines for us. One if we press the button, we
could collect all those medicines. For syrups, there is liquid compartment, where we can
enter the medicine and provide the volume of the medicine. At time, the LED of that
compartment turns on. When user presses the syrup button, it provides that volume of syrup.
This basically helps all the people from measuring the medicine. This could also be
implemented in the hospitals. This greatly reduces the person who needs to be there for such
a long time and providing medicines to the patients regularly. We could feel free from stress
of taking medicine regularly. This is easy to carry and so anyone can them to any place and
at any time. This would be the perfect device and it could be used by everyone as medicines
are taken by them regularly. This stands as the one of the unique solution the above problem
faced by the people. Based on the time pattern of taking the medicine, number of
compartments and slots could be increased.
 LIST OF ABBREVIATION

GSM - Global System for Mobile Communication

IR - Infra Red
RTC - Real Time Clock
DC - Direct Current
PWM - Pulse Width Modulation
USB - Universal Serial Bus
ICSP - In Circuit Serial Programming
IDE - An integrated development environment
ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute
PCB - Printed Circuit Board
DCS - Distributed Control System
EGSM - Extended Global System for Mobile Communications
M3DITRACK3R - Medical Tracker
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

There can be a lot of individuals out there who need constant help –
may it be our elderly people, family members, the ones who have special
needs. Elders are more affected by the timing of taking a certain drug than
others, in order to prevent any dysfunction or illness timing is a must. But as
with aging comes poor eye sight and poor memory, what if the patient has a
dementia like Alzheimer. Some people may forget to take the medicines at
the correct time and can forget the medicines which they have to take. In
order to eliminate the factors of always needed observation like nurses or
taking a risk of a missed dose, we had to find an easy, portable and efficient
solution.

1.1 AIM

The aim of our project is:

 To design a machine for alerting and providing correct medicine to

physically challenged, bedridden and older people at the correct time.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

 To provide appropriate medicine at the correct time by producing an

alarm.

 To intimate people through the alarm when the compartment is about to

empty.

 To reduce the workload of the caretaker in the hospitals.

1.3 MOTIVATION

 When listening to the older people, physically challenged and bedridden

people, there occurs a common problem in taking particular medicines at
the correct time and there is a need fora caretaker all over the day.

  In order to resolve all the issues, this machine acts as the solution by
providing the correct medicine at the right time.
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

Mrs Bhagya Shree S R, Mr Chandra Sekar P - 2014

Earlier, people would live in joint families where at least one person used to
be there at home to take care of aged people. In modern days people prefer
nuclear families where there are no one present to take care of aged people and
patients due to their busy working schedule. To overcome this, they need to appoint
a care giver to take care of the patients regarding their diet, hygiene, medication, etc.
Payments given to the care givers will affect their savings. To overcome such
problems a model is needed. This model medicates the patients and aged people
automatically to inform them regarding medication in time as prescribed by the
Doctor. This is done by presetting the prescribed time and comparing it with RTC
time. When they are equal, tablets are dispensed. The patient is given sufficient
time to take the tablets. If the patient fails, a message is sent to the caregiver
informing them about the failure. Thus the proposed model is implemented foraged
people, patients, bed-ridden, and the ill iterates to ensure medication at right time
and simultaneously notify the caregiver if a patient fails to take medications.

Chi-Ying Lin and Ping-Jung Hsieh- 2017

The gathering of ingredients for decoctions of traditional Chinese herbs still

relies on manual dispensation, due to the irregular shape of many items and
inconsistencies in weights. In this study, we developed an automatic dispensing
system for Chinese herbal decoctions with the aim of reducing manpower costs and
the risk of mistakes. We employed machine vision in conjunction with a robot
manipulator to facilitate the grasping of ingredients. The name and formulation of the
decoction are input via a human-computer interface, and the dispensing of multiple
medicine packets is performed automatically. An off-line least-squared curve fitting
method was used to calculate the amount of material grasped by the claws and
thereby improve system efficiency as well as the accuracy of individual dosages.
Experiments on the dispensing of actual ingredients demonstrate the feasibility of the
system.
 Alison Craswell, Kate Bennett, et al.- 2020

Automated medication dispensing cabinets are ubiquitous in hospitals in the

United States and prevalent in Canada, but they are still relatively new to health
services elsewhere. The automation of medication management using distributed
dispensing units is aimed at improving stock management and patient safety.

Peter Cooke, Carol South all, et al– 2009

An evaluation of this system was undertaken to see if these perceived benefits

were indeed proven in a different type of automated dispensing machine. Method
Various parameters related to the dispensing process (space, dispensing errors, and
efficiency) were evaluated before and after the installation of the Consis system and
the area under study acted as its own control. Results Space One of the main drivers
for choosing the Consis system over other systems was the fact that it was possible
to store more items per square meter. Therefore, before the installation of the
machine, the footprint of the ex- listing storage systems was measured. Before the
installation of the Consis system, medicines were stored on open shelving on two
walls of the dispensary, four Sintek drawer units, and two refrigerators.

Liu Xiangquan, Yun Chao, et al-2008

The total design of the medicine depositing and dispensing system was
provided and the design of the mechanical structure is accomplished.
Secondly, the hardware of the control system was discussed in detail, and the
overall structure of control system was analyzed. According to the
characteristic of medicine depositing and dispensing system, the main control
modules of the system were designed such as AC servo control module, I/O
control module, and step-motion control module. Thirdly, with application of
multithreading technology, the design of management software module and
supervision software module were completed. Finally, based on the analysis
of control requirements, control methods for actuating equipments were
researched. The program module for control requirements such as
synchronous servo motion, returning zero position motion and medicine
dispensing count were complete
Asfandiar Ayub and Usama Bin Zahid-2019

The Implementation of Automation Medication Dispensing System

Based on Mobile Robotic Remote Sensing Unit is presented. The aim is to
enhance nursing synergy for medication administration process in disastrous
events because as observed that health sectors are not fully equipped to cop
undesirable events efficiently like in providing timely medication administration
system to the victims of disasters. Therefore, the scope of this project is to
facilitate those calamitous areas victims by deploying this innovative robotic
mobile dispensing system in medical camps to provide autonomous
medication services as per prescription given by the doctor. This proposed
system provides an aid in medical administration to pursue the medication task
efficiently by minimizing the need of medical staff and human errors. A
comparative study on why this proposed system is efficient and better from
other medicine dispensing systems have been discussed in the paper.

Iskandar Petra, Mohammad Auzi Ahadani, et al-2012

The design and fabrication of a low cost scalable prototype of robotic

medicine dispenser for the use of pharmacists. It has an automated capability
to count the medicines and dispense into a vial. The novelty of this machine in
terms of scalability is achieved by the utilizations of low cost materials and
components that can be scaled with respect to the user end preferences. In
addition to that, the custom design of the servo based cell, has more than 90%
counting efficiency that were tested with ten different types of tablets/capsules
of different sizes and shape which is discussed and compared to the existing
machines in the market. The mechanical designs of the prototype together with
the micro-controller’s distributions, communication protocols and the PC
application are covered in the article.

Yasothaa Kalai Chelvam, Gail Sylvia Steele-2014

Medicine adherence among patients is crucial to ensure the effectiveness

of a given treatment. Failure to take a medication of the right dosage, at the
right time causes minor healthcare problems to become worse. This is
extremely problematic for the elderly patients who have difficulties in keeping
track of their medicine. Therefore, to address this issue, M3DITRACK3R, an
automated medicine dispenser which keeps track of the dosage and duration
between each consumption, autonomously navigate to the patient and
dispensing the medicines to the patient is proposed. This innovative prototype
is able to detect its patient using sensing technology. Number of touch
detected by the touch sensor is used to set the number of hours in each loop.
M3DITRACK3R then navigates to find the patient using the infrared sensor to
dispense the right dosage of medicine at the right time. It is a perfect solution
for senior citizens living independently.
 CHAPTER 3

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Water
IR IR IR
flow
Sensor-1 Sensor-2 Sensor-3
Sensor

Real Time
Clock Arduino UNO Buzzer &
LED

Micro Servo Micro Servo Micro Servo GSM

Motor- 1 Motor- 2 Motor- 3 Module

DC Supply Voltage
5V /2A
3.2 COMPONENTS EXPLANATION

3.2.1 ARDUINO UNO

FIGURE: ARDUINO UNO

● Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P

(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable
or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. You can tinker
with your UNO without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst
case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again.

● "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of
Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino
Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer
releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the
reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past
or outdated boards see the Arduino index of boards.

Specification:
 Microcontroller: ATmega328P

Operating Voltage: 5V

Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V

Input Voltage (limit): 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

PWM Digital I/O Pins: 6

Analog Input Pins: 6

DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA

DC current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA

Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)

EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)

Clock Speed: 16 MHz

LED_BUILTIN: 13

Length: 68.6 mm

Width: 58.4 mm

Weight: 25 g

3.2.2 MICRO SERVO MOTOR

 FIGURE: MICRO SERVO MOTOR

 Servo motors (also known as servos) are self-contained electric devices that precisely
spin or push machine parts. Servos can be found in a variety of applications, including
toys, home electronics, automobiles, and aeroplanes.

 At least a few servos are used in any radio-controlled model automobile, aeroplane,
or helicopter. Servos control steering and change wing surfaces in model cars and
planes by moving levers back and forth.

 A servo controls the speed of a fuel-powered car or aircraft by spinning a shaft

attached to the engine throttle. Servos can also be found in technologies that we use
every day. Servos are used in electronic devices like DVD and Blu-ray DiscTM
players to extend and retract the disc trays.

 One of the features that makes servos so dependable is their simplicity. A little direct
current (DC) motor, comparable to what you'd find in an inexpensive toy, is at the
heart of a servo. These motors are powered by a battery and spin at a high RPM
(rotations per minute), but they produce relatively little thrust.

 The rapid speed of the motor is slowed while the torque is increased via a gear
arrangement. The output is converted to a significantly slower rotation speed but with
more torque because of the gear configuration inside the servo casing (big force, little
distance).

 The quantity of actual work is the same; the difference is that it is more useful. In a
low-cost servo motor, the gears are usually made of plastic.

 It helps to push the tablet from the compartment. When the dose time matches with
the current time, it rotates by 45 degree and pushes the tablet into the vessel that is
allocated below the container. Once pill dispensed, it get back to its initial position.
 SPECIFICATION:
 Weight: 9g.
 Size: 23 x 12.3 x 25.6 mm.
 Torque: 1.5 [Link] @ 4.8V; 2.0 kg/cm @ 6V.
 Speed: 0.08sec/60°
 Gear Type: Plastic.
 Motor Type: Coreless.
 Operating Voltage Range: 4.8V-6V.
 Operating Temperature Range: 0°-60°

3.2.3 IR SENSOR

FIGURE: INFRA RED SENSOR

 An infrared sensor is a light-emitting electrical gadget that detects objects in its

environment. An infrared sensor detects motion as well as measures the heat of
an object. Almost all items emit thermal radiation in the infrared band. The
infrared sensor can detect these types of radiation, which are undetectable to
the human eye.

 An IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) is used as the emitter, while an IR photodiode

is used as the detector. The photodiode responds to infrared light of the same
wavelength as the IR LED. When infrared light strikes a photodiode, the
resistances and output voltages change in response to the intensity of the IR
light.

 A typical infrared detection system consists of five fundamental components: an

infrared source, a transmission channel, an optical component, infrared
detectors or receivers, and signal processing. Infrared sources include infrared
lasers and infrared LEDs with specified wavelengths.
 The three basic types of infrared transmission media are vacuum, atmosphere,
and optical fibers. Optical components are used to focus or limit the spectrum
response of infrared radiation.

 This sensor uses infrared ray to check the presence of the pills and syrup in the
compartment. When the compartment is about to empty it alerts the user
through buzzer, displays alert message, and then sends message to the user
through GSM module. It further senses the small container brought by the user
to get the syrup from the compartment, when machine produces alarm.

Specification:

Operating voltage 5V or 3.3V DC

Comparator chip  LM393
Output type Digital and Analog output
Obstacle detection range 2cm to 20cm
Detection angle 35 degree
PCB size 3.1cm x 1.5cm

3.2.4 WATER FLOW SENSOR

FIGURE: WATER PUMP SENSOR

 A copper body, a water rotor, and a hall-effect sensor make up a water flow
sensor.

 When water runs through the rotor, the rotor rolls at a varied speed depending
on the rate of flow. The appropriate pulse signal is then output by the hall-effect
sensor.

 This one can be used to detect flow in a coffee machine or a water dispenser.

 Most importantly, the copper body lasts longer than the plastic body.
  It pumps the syrup from the compartment according to the quantity (in ml) set by
the user. When user brings the small container for getting the syrup near the
compartment, the sensor senses and pump dispenses the syrup into the
container.

Specification:

Item No - AD20P-1230

Rated Voltage - 12V

Working Voltage - 11-13V

P(Max) - 4.8W

Max water head - 300cm

Max flow rate- 240L/H

Size - Picture following will show

Weight - 66g+wire weight

Others - Can be customized

3.2.5 RTC (REAL TIME CLOCK)

FIGURE: REAL TIME CLOCK

 A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer clock that is constructed purely to keep time.
 It is usually in the form of an integrated circuit.
 It, of course, keeps track of hours, minutes, seconds, months, days, and even years.
RTCs are found in personal computers, embedded systems, and servers, as well as in
any electrical device that requires precise timekeeping.
 It's critical to be able to use the computer even when it's powered down by a battery or
when it's not connected to the system’s main power source.

Specification:

• Operating Voltage: 2.3 – 5.5 Volts

 Operating Temperature: -45 – 800C
 Maximum Voltage: VCC+0.3 Volts
 Battery Backup Current: 500 mA
 Accuracy at -40 – 800C: ±3.5 ppm
 Accuracy at 0 – 400C: ± 2.0 ppm
 Temperature Accuracy: 30C
 Package-Type: 16, 300-mil SO package

3.2.6 RELAY

FIGURE:RELAY

 Relays are a type of switch that is made up of electromagnetic switches.

 A low-powered electrical signal is used to control the ON and OFF

states of a circuit using relays.

 It's utilised in a variety of circuits for a variety of functions, the most

important of which being switching.
Specification:

Standard Relay Type Reed Type S (standard) Type A (Armature)

Breakdown Voltage 300 V peak 750 V peak

Carry Current 1.0 Amps 2.0 Amps

Switch Speed 1 ms 5 ms

Life Expectancy > 100 Million 100 Million

3.2.7 BUZZER

FIGURE: BUZZER
 A buzzer is a sound-generating device that converts audio signals to sound
signals. It is commonly employed as a sound device in alarm clocks,
computers, printers, and other electronic items that are powered by DC
electricity.

 It is primarily divided into piezoelectric and electromagnetic buzzers, which

are denoted by the letters "H" or "HA" in the circuit.

 The buzzer can produce a variety of sounds, including music, sirens,

buzzers, alarms, and electric bells, depending on its design and intended
usage

 When the pill dispenses from the compartment the buzzer will produce
‘buzz’ sound and alarm the user. Further when the compartment is about to
empty the buzzer starts to work and produce ‘buzz’ sound.
 Specification:

The frequency range is 3,300Hz.

Operating Temperature ranges from – 20° C to +60°C.

Operating voltage ranges from 3V to 24V DC.

The sound pressure level is 85dBA or 10cm.

The supply current is below 15mA.

3.2.8 GSM MODULE

FIGURE: Global Systems For Mobile Communications Module

 The GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, formerly Groupe Special
Mobile) standard was developed by the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI).

 It was created to describe the protocols for mobile phones' second-generation

(2G) digital cellular networks, and it is now the global standard for mobile
communications, with over 90% market share and operations in 219 countries
and territories.

 It sends the message to the corresponding mobile number of user when the
machine hand out the pill. It also transmits the message to them when the
compartment is about to be empty.
 Specification:

Power Input -3.4V to 4.5V

Operating Frequency-EGSM900 and DCS1800

Transmitting Power Range 2V for EGSM900 and 1W for DCS1800

Data Transfer Link Download: 85.6kbps, Upload:42.8kbps

3.2.9 LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)

FIGURE: Light Emitting Diode

 When current passes through a light-emitting diode (LED), it produces light.

 Electrons recombine with electron holes in the semiconductor, producing energy

in the form of photons.

 The energy required for electrons to pass through the semiconductor's band
gap determines the hue of light (equivalent to the energy of photons).

 Multiple semiconductors or a coating of light-emitting phosphor on the

semiconductor device are used to produce white light.

 The first LEDs, which appeared as functional electrical components in 1962,

emitted low-intensity infrared (IR) light.

 Remote-control circuits, such as those found in a wide range of consumer

gadgets, utilise infrared LEDs.
  The original visible-light LEDs had a low intensity and were only available in red.
Early LEDs were commonly employed as indicator lamps and in seven-segment
displays, replacing small incandescent bulbs.

 LEDs with high, low, or intermediate light output, such as white LEDs ideal for
room and outdoor area lighting, have recently been developed in visible,
ultraviolet (UV), and infrared wavelengths.

 Displays and sensors have also spawned new types of displays and sensors,
and their high switching rates are useful in advanced communications
technology, with applications as diverse as aviation lighting, fairy lights,
automotive headlights, advertising, general lighting, traffic signals, camera
flashes, lighted wallpaper, horticultural grow lights, and medical devices.

 It helps to notify when pill or syrup dispenses. It further helps to inform when the
power supply is on.

3.2.10 POWER SUPPLY MODULE WITH ON/OFF SWITCH

 A switch is an electrical component in electrical engineering that can detach or

connect the conducting channel in an electrical circuit, interrupting or diverting
the electric current from one conductor to another.

 An electromechanical switch, which consists of one or more sets of moveable

electrical contacts coupled to external circuits, is the most common type of
switch.

 When two contacts are in contact, current can flow between them, but when
they are separated, no current can flow.

 Switches come in a variety of shapes and sizes, with numerous sets of contacts
operated by the same knob or actuator, and the contacts operating
simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.

 A switch, such as a light switch or a keyboard button, can be activated manually

or automatically.

 It helps to get the power supply by switching on and off the machine.

 Power supply module convert 230V AC to 5 VDC/ 2A.

3.3 METHODLOGY

• The user sets the machine, once the compartment is filled with the tablets.

• The inputs will be given by them through which one can select the compartment
and set the dispersing time.

• At correct time the machine disperses the tablet from the correct compartment.

• Once the sensor detects the hands of the user, the machine dispenses the
tablet.

• Further it intimates user by producing alarm at the particular time for dispensing
the tablet.

• Whenever a compartment is about to be empty, the machine intimates the same

to the user.

• It can be resetted based on one’s necessity

 3.4 FLOW DIAGRAM

Start

Select the Mode

No No
If mode If mode is
is “set” “Reset”
Fill the pill or syrup
Fill the pill or syrup

Yes yes

Select syrup or pill compartment Select syrup or pill compartment

Set number of dosage Empty the compartment

No
Dose Time is reset to initial value (Stop
exists functioning)

Yes

Get Input Time Reset is done

Fill the pill or syrup

Time declared is checked with real time

Setting is done

Time
matched
No

Yes
no
No

Pill or tablet
Alert the user sensed

Yes
 Stop

3.5 SYSTEM FUNCTIONALITY

3.6 BREAD BOARD CONNECTION:

3.7 WORKING:

1. The devices connected to the power supply for 24/7.

2. The time delay is set for morning, afternoon and night.

3. After the time delay for morning a (Alarm) for medicine start.

4. Using proximity sensor the detection of hand text place.

5. If there is no hand detector then another alarm get starts and message is send
through GSM sensor which exits the program.

6. After the time delay for afternoon a alarm is starts and the procedure is same as
before

7. A servo motor is an electromechanical device that produces torque and

velocity based on the supplied current and voltage. A servo motor works as
part of a closed loop system providing torque and velocity as commanded from
a servo controller utilizing a feedback device to close the loop.

8. The servo motor works based on the arduino program .

9. The motor is connected to the needle, the needle is connected to the pads.
When supply is given to the device the servo motor starts to rotate and the pads
pushes the tablet out

3.8 MECHANICAL STRUCTURE

 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

The aim of the research was:

 To provide the correct medication for the blind and physically challenged.

 To achieve the research aim, a research methodology was designed, a vital part of which
was the setting of objectives that, when completed, would seek to incrementally fill the
gaps in the boundary of knowledge and realize the research aim. The objectives of the
research are listed below. All of these objectives were completed as part of the research.
Furthermore, the results obtained as a direct consequence of meeting these objectives are
stated.

 This method was needed to ensure that the aged and the patients would take medicines
on time as prescribed by the doctor, so that the working class can be relieved of the
patient’s medicating schedules.
 CHAPTER 6
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