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sqlmap Usage and Options Guide

-s SESSIONFILE Load session from a stored (.sqlmap) file --save=SESSIONFILE Save session to a file --wizard Simple wizard interface for beginner users Miscellaneous: -z Unset SQLMAP_HOME environment variable --dependencies Check for missing dependencies --cleanup Clean up footprint --flush-session Flush session files for current target --purge Safely remove all loaded data and configuration --api Start API server --batch Never ask for user input, use default behaviour --answers=ANSWERS.. Provide answers to questions via a file --update Update sqlmap Examples: sqlmap -u "http://

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
442 views5 pages

sqlmap Usage and Options Guide

-s SESSIONFILE Load session from a stored (.sqlmap) file --save=SESSIONFILE Save session to a file --wizard Simple wizard interface for beginner users Miscellaneous: -z Unset SQLMAP_HOME environment variable --dependencies Check for missing dependencies --cleanup Clean up footprint --flush-session Flush session files for current target --purge Safely remove all loaded data and configuration --api Start API server --batch Never ask for user input, use default behaviour --answers=ANSWERS.. Provide answers to questions via a file --update Update sqlmap Examples: sqlmap -u "http://

Uploaded by

samin
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Usage
  • Options
  • Optimization
  • Techniques
  • Fingerprint
  • Functions
  • File System Access
  • Operating Systems Access
  • General
  • Miscellaneous

Usage

Usage: python [Link] [options]

Options:
-h, --help Show basic help message and exit
-hh Show advanced help message and exit
--version Show program's version number and exit
-v VERBOSE Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)

Target:
At least one of these options has to be provided to define the
target(s)

-u URL, --url=URL Target URL (e.g. "[Link]


-d DIRECT Connection string for direct database connection
-l LOGFILE Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file
-m BULKFILE Scan multiple targets given in a textual file
-r REQUESTFILE Load HTTP request from a file
-g GOOGLEDORK Process Google dork results as target URLs
-c CONFIGFILE Load options from a configuration INI file

Request:
These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL

-A AGENT, --user.. HTTP User-Agent header value


-H HEADER, --hea.. Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: [Link]")
--method=METHOD Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT)
--data=DATA Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1")
--param-del=PARA.. Character used for splitting parameter values (e.g. &)
--cookie=COOKIE HTTP Cookie header value (e.g. "PHPSESSID=a8d127e..")
--cookie-del=COO.. Character used for splitting cookie values (e.g. ;)
--live-cookies=L.. Live cookies file used for loading up-to-date values
--load-cookies=L.. File containing cookies in Netscape/wget format
--drop-set-cookie Ignore Set-Cookie header from response
--mobile Imitate smartphone through HTTP User-Agent header
--random-agent Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
--host=HOST HTTP Host header value
--referer=REFERER HTTP Referer header value
--headers=HEADERS Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123")
--auth-type=AUTH.. HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, NTLM or PKI)
--auth-cred=AUTH.. HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
--auth-file=AUTH.. HTTP authentication PEM cert/private key file
--ignore-code=IG.. Ignore (problematic) HTTP error code (e.g. 401)
--ignore-proxy Ignore system default proxy settings
--ignore-redirects Ignore redirection attempts
--ignore-timeouts Ignore connection timeouts
--proxy=PROXY Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
--proxy-cred=PRO.. Proxy authentication credentials (name:password)
--proxy-file=PRO.. Load proxy list from a file
--proxy-freq=PRO.. Requests between change of proxy from a given list
--tor Use Tor anonymity network
--tor-port=TORPORT Set Tor proxy port other than default
--tor-type=TORTYPE Set Tor proxy type (HTTP, SOCKS4 or SOCKS5 (default))
--check-tor Check to see if Tor is used properly
--delay=DELAY Delay in seconds between each HTTP request
--timeout=TIMEOUT Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30)
--retries=RETRIES Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3)
--randomize=RPARAM Randomly change value for given parameter(s)
--safe-url=SAFEURL URL address to visit frequently during testing
--safe-post=SAFE.. POST data to send to a safe URL
--safe-req=SAFER.. Load safe HTTP request from a file
--safe-freq=SAFE.. Regular requests between visits to a safe URL
--skip-urlencode Skip URL encoding of payload data
--csrf-token=CSR.. Parameter used to hold anti-CSRF token
--csrf-url=CSRFURL URL address to visit for extraction of anti-CSRF token
--csrf-method=CS.. HTTP method to use during anti-CSRF token page visit
--csrf-retries=C.. Retries for anti-CSRF token retrieval (default 0)
--force-ssl Force usage of SSL/HTTPS
--chunked Use HTTP chunked transfer encoded (POST) requests
--hpp Use HTTP parameter pollution method
--eval=EVALCODE Evaluate provided Python code before the request (e.g.
"import hashlib;id2=hashlib.md5(id).hexdigest()")

Optimization:
These options can be used to optimize the performance of sqlmap

-o Turn on all optimization switches


--predict-output Predict common queries output
--keep-alive Use persistent HTTP(s) connections
--null-connection Retrieve page length without actual HTTP response body
--threads=THREADS Max number of concurrent HTTP(s) requests (default 1)

Injection:
These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts

-p TESTPARAMETER Testable parameter(s)


--skip=SKIP Skip testing for given parameter(s)
--skip-static Skip testing parameters that not appear to be dynamic
--param-exclude=.. Regexp to exclude parameters from testing (e.g. "ses")
--param-filter=P.. Select testable parameter(s) by place (e.g. "POST")
--dbms=DBMS Force back-end DBMS to provided value
--dbms-cred=DBMS.. DBMS authentication credentials (user:password)
--os=OS Force back-end DBMS operating system to provided value
--invalid-bignum Use big numbers for invalidating values
--invalid-logical Use logical operations for invalidating values
--invalid-string Use random strings for invalidating values
--no-cast Turn off payload casting mechanism
--no-escape Turn off string escaping mechanism
--prefix=PREFIX Injection payload prefix string
--suffix=SUFFIX Injection payload suffix string
--tamper=TAMPER Use given script(s) for tampering injection data

Detection:
These options can be used to customize the detection phase

--level=LEVEL Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)


--risk=RISK Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
--string=STRING String to match when query is evaluated to True
--not-string=NOT.. String to match when query is evaluated to False
--regexp=REGEXP Regexp to match when query is evaluated to True
--code=CODE HTTP code to match when query is evaluated to True
--smart Perform thorough tests only if positive heuristic(s)
--text-only Compare pages based only on the textual content
--titles Compare pages based only on their titles
Techniques:
These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
techniques

--technique=TECH.. SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")


--time-sec=TIMESEC Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5)
--union-cols=UCOLS Range of columns to test for UNION query SQL injection
--union-char=UCHAR Character to use for bruteforcing number of columns
--union-from=UFROM Table to use in FROM part of UNION query SQL injection
--dns-domain=DNS.. Domain name used for DNS exfiltration attack
--second-url=SEC.. Resulting page URL searched for second-order response
--second-req=SEC.. Load second-order HTTP request from file

Fingerprint:
-f, --fingerprint Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint

Enumeration:
These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
management system information, structure and data contained in the
tables

-a, --all Retrieve everything


-b, --banner Retrieve DBMS banner
--current-user Retrieve DBMS current user
--current-db Retrieve DBMS current database
--hostname Retrieve DBMS server hostname
--is-dba Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
--users Enumerate DBMS users
--passwords Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
--privileges Enumerate DBMS users privileges
--roles Enumerate DBMS users roles
--dbs Enumerate DBMS databases
--tables Enumerate DBMS database tables
--columns Enumerate DBMS database table columns
--schema Enumerate DBMS schema
--count Retrieve number of entries for table(s)
--dump Dump DBMS database table entries
--dump-all Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
--search Search column(s), table(s) and/or database name(s)
--comments Check for DBMS comments during enumeration
--statements Retrieve SQL statements being run on DBMS
-D DB DBMS database to enumerate
-T TBL DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
-C COL DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
-X EXCLUDE DBMS database identifier(s) to not enumerate
-U USER DBMS user to enumerate
--exclude-sysdbs Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables
--pivot-column=P.. Pivot column name
--where=DUMPWHERE Use WHERE condition while table dumping
--start=LIMITSTART First dump table entry to retrieve
--stop=LIMITSTOP Last dump table entry to retrieve
--first=FIRSTCHAR First query output word character to retrieve
--last=LASTCHAR Last query output word character to retrieve
--sql-query=SQLQ.. SQL statement to be executed
--sql-shell Prompt for an interactive SQL shell
--sql-file=SQLFILE Execute SQL statements from given file(s)

Brute force:
These options can be used to run brute force checks
--common-tables Check existence of common tables
--common-columns Check existence of common columns
--common-files Check existence of common files

User-defined function injection:


These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions

--udf-inject Inject custom user-defined functions


--shared-lib=SHLIB Local path of the shared library

File system access:


These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying file system

--file-read=FILE.. Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system


--file-write=FIL.. Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system
--file-dest=FILE.. Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to

Operating system access:


These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system underlying operating system

--os-cmd=OSCMD Execute an operating system command


--os-shell Prompt for an interactive operating system shell
--os-pwn Prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
--os-smbrelay One click prompt for an OOB shell, Meterpreter or VNC
--os-bof Stored procedure buffer overflow exploitation
--priv-esc Database process user privilege escalation
--msf-path=MSFPATH Local path where Metasploit Framework is installed
--tmp-path=TMPPATH Remote absolute path of temporary files directory

Windows registry access:


These options can be used to access the back-end database management
system Windows registry

--reg-read Read a Windows registry key value


--reg-add Write a Windows registry key value data
--reg-del Delete a Windows registry key value
--reg-key=REGKEY Windows registry key
--reg-value=REGVAL Windows registry key value
--reg-data=REGDATA Windows registry key value data
--reg-type=REGTYPE Windows registry key value type

General:
These options can be used to set some general working parameters

-s SESSIONFILE Load session from a stored (.sqlite) file


-t TRAFFICFILE Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file
--answers=ANSWERS Set predefined answers (e.g. "quit=N,follow=N")
--base64=BASE64P.. Parameter(s) containing Base64 encoded data
--base64-safe Use URL and filename safe Base64 alphabet (RFC 4648)
--batch Never ask for user input, use the default behavior
--binary-fields=.. Result fields having binary values (e.g. "digest")
--check-internet Check Internet connection before assessing the target
--cleanup Clean up the DBMS from sqlmap specific UDF and tables
--crawl=CRAWLDEPTH Crawl the website starting from the target URL
--crawl-exclude=.. Regexp to exclude pages from crawling (e.g. "logout")
--csv-del=CSVDEL Delimiting character used in CSV output (default ",")
--charset=CHARSET Blind SQL injection charset (e.g. "0123456789abcdef")
--dump-format=DU.. Format of dumped data (CSV (default), HTML or SQLITE)
--encoding=ENCOD.. Character encoding used for data retrieval (e.g. GBK)
--eta Display for each output the estimated time of arrival
--flush-session Flush session files for current target
--forms Parse and test forms on target URL
--fresh-queries Ignore query results stored in session file
--gpage=GOOGLEPAGE Use Google dork results from specified page number
--har=HARFILE Log all HTTP traffic into a HAR file
--hex Use hex conversion during data retrieval
--output-dir=OUT.. Custom output directory path
--parse-errors Parse and display DBMS error messages from responses
--preprocess=PRE.. Use given script(s) for preprocessing (request)
--postprocess=PO.. Use given script(s) for postprocessing (response)
--repair Redump entries having unknown character marker (?)
--save=SAVECONFIG Save options to a configuration INI file
--scope=SCOPE Regexp for filtering targets
--skip-heuristics Skip heuristic detection of SQLi/XSS vulnerabilities
--skip-waf Skip heuristic detection of WAF/IPS protection
--table-prefix=T.. Prefix used for temporary tables (default: "sqlmap")
--test-filter=TE.. Select tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. ROW)
--test-skip=TEST.. Skip tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. BENCHMARK)
--web-root=WEBROOT Web server document root directory (e.g. "/var/www")

Miscellaneous:
These options do not fit into any other category

-z MNEMONICS Use short mnemonics (e.g. "flu,bat,ban,tec=EU")


--alert=ALERT Run host OS command(s) when SQL injection is found
--beep Beep on question and/or when SQLi/XSS/FI is found
--dependencies Check for missing (optional) sqlmap dependencies
--disable-coloring Disable console output coloring
--list-tampers Display list of available tamper scripts
--offline Work in offline mode (only use session data)
--purge Safely remove all content from sqlmap data directory
--results-file=R.. Location of CSV results file in multiple targets mode
--shell Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell
--tmp-dir=TMPDIR Local directory for storing temporary files
--unstable Adjust options for unstable connections
--update Update sqlmap
--wizard Simple wizard interface for beginner users

Common questions

Powered by AI

SQLmap can search for specific database objects using the --search option followed by the type of entity like column(s), table(s), or database names. This targeted search feature can help security testers locate potentially exploitable components or sensitive data within a database. The ability to search and match against specific identifiers means that testers can focus their efforts better and efficiently trace vulnerabilities or areas needing further scrutiny, thereby enhancing the overall depth of security testing .

SQLmap's enumeration capabilities are vital for a thorough security assessment of a DBMS as they allow an auditor to extract detailed information about the database. Options like --all and --tables enable retrieval of all database content and structure details, respectively. Enumerating users (--users), passwords (--passwords), and privileges (--privileges) can highlight potential elevation of privilege risks. Exploring the schema (--schema) and individual columns (--columns) helps identify the layout and sensitive data locations. Furthermore, options such as --dbs and --hostname can provide insights into how the database is architected around different servers and services. Together, these enumeration functions allow for a comprehensive understanding of a database's exposure to potential threats .

SQLmap is highly configurable to adapt to various network environments. It can utilize proxy settings to route traffic through a specified server using --proxy and can handle authentication with --proxy-cred. Additionally, it supports the use of a proxy list from a file (--proxy-file) and cycling through proxies at set intervals (--proxy-freq). Tor networks can be leveraged for anonymity with --tor, and the Tor port and type can be customized with --tor-port and --tor-type. These options ensure SQLmap can maintain connection coverage and anonymity across multiple network scenarios and security infrastructures .

SQLmap facilitates the handling of CSRF tokens through options like --csrf-token, --csrf-url, --csrf-method, and --csrf-retries. The --csrf-token option specifies the parameter to hold the anti-CSRF token, ensuring the token is utilized in requests where required. The --csrf-url allows sqlmap to visit a URL to extract the anti-CSRF token, while --csrf-method determines the HTTP method used for this extraction. Furthermore, --csrf-retries offers the capability to retry retrieval of the CSRF token the specified number of times in the event of failure .

SQLmap's ability to execute operating system commands, enabled via options such as --os-cmd and --os-shell, raises significant ethical concerns. While useful for security assessments and penetration testing, exploiting these capabilities without authorization can constitute illegal activity, violating privacy rights and potentially causing harm to the target system. Ethical use requires explicit permission from system owners, adhering to legal boundaries, and ensuring operations don't disrupt legitimate use or cause data loss. Misuse of these powerful features could result in unintended financial, reputational, and legal consequences, emphasizing the need for regulated and responsible use in security practices .

SQLmap's post-exploitation capabilities extend significantly beyond identifying SQL injection vulnerabilities. It provides tools for system and database manipulation, such as reading and writing files on the database server (--file-read, --file-write), executing OS commands (--os-cmd), and accessing operating system shells (--os-shell). Moreover, database-specific operations like enumerating schema or extracting users' passwords and privileges provide a deeper level of control. These capabilities allow security professionals to understand the extent of compromise possible after successful exploitation, which is crucial for remediating vulnerabilities and strengthening security defenses .

SQLmap's threading options contribute significantly to improving the speed of vulnerability assessments by allowing multiple parallel HTTP requests. The --threads option specifies the maximum number of concurrent requests, thereby utilizing available bandwidth more efficiently. By increasing the number of simultaneous requests, SQLmap can significantly reduce the overall time needed to perform tests on large-scale applications, where processing requests sequentially would be slower . This increase in speed supports timely discoveries critical in dynamic security environments.

SQLmap can optimize its performance using several strategies. Activating the "-o" option turns on all optimization switches, including persistent HTTP(s) connections with --keep-alive, reducing load times by retrieving page lengths without the full HTTP response body (--null-connection), and setting the maximum number of concurrent requests with --threads. Additionally, --predict-output helps reduce the need for executing unnecessary queries by predicting common query outputs, further speeding up the testing process .

SQLmap's ability to manipulate HTTP headers and cookies is significant for conducting thorough SQL injection assessments as it helps in masquerading traffic and bypassing security measures such as web application firewalls. Options like --user-agent, --cookie, and --random-agent allow testers to customize or randomize user-agent strings and cookie values to appear as legitimate traffic or simulate different users. This capability is essential in environments where standard requests might be blocked or flagged as suspicious, and it helps testers maintain access to test injection points effectively .

SQLmap allows customization of injection payloads and testing through several options. The --skip, --skip-static, and --param-exclude options let users define which parameters to avoid during tests. Additionally, --prefix and --suffix allow for specific strings to be used before and after injection payloads, facilitating complex injection scenarios. Users can also utilize --tamper to apply scripts that modify payloads to evade advanced filtering mechanisms. These capabilities enable tailored testing that can bypass defensive frameworks and identify vulnerabilities more effectively .

Usage
Usage: python sqlmap.py [options]
Options:
  -h, --help            Show basic help message and exit
  -hh
--randomize=RPARAM  Randomly change value for given parameter(s)
    --safe-url=SAFEURL  URL address to visit frequently
Techniques:
    These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
    techniques
    --technique=TECH..
--common-tables     Check existence of common tables
    --common-columns    Check existence of common columns
    --comm
--charset=CHARSET   Blind SQL injection charset (e.g. "0123456789abcdef")
    --dump-format=DU..  Format of dumped data (

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