Scribd
Upload
25K views2 pages

Trends and Exceptions in Inorganic Chemistry

This document outlines several trends in inorganic chemistry: 1) Down groups 1 and 2, melting points decrease and colors of flames change from red to blue. Hydrides and hydroxides also decrease in stability. 2) Moving down groups 13-15, oxidation states of +3 and +1 stabilize, as do basicity of oxides/hydroxides. Ionization energies decrease as well. 3) Across periods 2-6, reactivity and metallic character increase as do properties of hydrides, tetrahalides, and trioxides.

Uploaded by

ratilal bhushan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25K views2 pages

Trends and Exceptions in Inorganic Chemistry

This document outlines several trends in inorganic chemistry: 1) Down groups 1 and 2, melting points decrease and colors of flames change from red to blue. Hydrides and hydroxides also decrease in stability. 2) Moving down groups 13-15, oxidation states of +3 and +1 stabilize, as do basicity of oxides/hydroxides. Ionization energies decrease as well. 3) Across periods 2-6, reactivity and metallic character increase as do properties of hydrides, tetrahalides, and trioxides.

Uploaded by

ratilal bhushan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Trends and Exceptions in Inorganic Chemistry
  • Chemical Properties and Reactions

TRENDS AND EXCEPTIONS

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
TRENDS AND EXCEPTIONS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
.
>⑦
CATEGORY ORDER
Melting point Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs
Li-Red, Na-Golden, K-Violet, Rb-Red, Cs-
Colour of the flame Blue, Ca-Brick red, Sr-Blood red, Ba-Apple
green
Stability of hydrides LiH > NaH > KH > RbH > CSH
Basic nature of hydroxides LIOH > NaOH > KOH > RbOH > CsOH
Hydration energy Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs
Reducing character Li > Cs > Rb > K > Na
Stability of 3 oxidation state B < Al < Ga < In <T1
Stability of+1 oxidation state Ga < In < TI
Basic nature of the oxides and hydroxides B < Al < Ga < In < TI
Relative strength of Lewis acid BF3 < BCI3 < BBr3 < BI3
Ionisation energy B > AI < Ga > In < TI
Reactivity C < Si < Ge < Sn < Pb
Metallic character C < Si < Ge < Sn < Pb
Acidic character of the oxides CO2 > SiO2 > GeO2 > SnO2 > PbO2
Reducing nature of hydrides CH4 < SiH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < PbH4
Thermal stability of tetrahalides CCl4 > SiCI4 > GeCl4 > SnCl4 > PbCl4
Oxidising character of M+4 species GeCL4 < SnCL4 < PbCl4
Ease of hydrolysis of tetrahalides SiCI4< GeCI4 < SnCI4 < PbCl4
Acidic strength of trioxides N2O3 > P2O3 > AS2O3
Acidic strength of pentoxides N2O3 > P2O3 > AS2O3 > Sb2O2 > Bi2O2
Acidic strength of oxides of nitrogen N2O2 < NO < N2O3< N₂04 < N2O5
Basic nature/bond angle/Thermal
NH3> PH3> AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3
stability and dipole moment of hydrides
Stability of trihalides of nitrogen NF3 > NCI3 > NBr3

Use Code “AKALIVE” for Plus / Iconic Subscription


Use Code “AKALIVE” for Plus / Iconic Subscription
Lewis base strength NF3 < NCI3 < NBr3 < NI3
Ease of hydrolysis of trichlorides NCI3 > PCI3 > AsCI3 > SbCI3 > BiCI3
Lewis acid strength of trihalides of P, As,
PCI3 > ASCI3 > SbCI3
and Sb
Lewis acid strength among phosphorus
PF3 > PCI3 > PBr3> PI3
trihalides

Melting and boiling point of hydrides H2O > H2Te > H2Se > H2S
Volatility of hydrides H2O > H2Te > H2Se > H2S
Reducing nature of hydrides H2S < H2Se < H2Te
Covalent character of hydrides H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te
The acidic character of oxides (elements SO2 > SeO2 > TeO2 > PO02
in the same oxidation state) SO3 > SeO3 > TeO3
Acidic character of oxide of a particular SO2 < SeO2 < SO3
element (eg. S)) SO2 > SeO2 > TeO2 > PO02
Bond energy of halogens CI2 > Br2 > F2>I2
Solubility of halogen in water F2 > CI2 > Br2 > I2
Oxidising power F2 > CI2 > Br2 > I2
Enthalpy of hydration of X ion F > CI > Br > I
Reactivity of halogens F > CI > Br > I
lonic character of M-X bond in halides M-F > M-CI > M-Br > M-I
Reducing character of X ion I- > Br- > CI- > F-
Acidic strength of halogen acids HI > HBr > HCI > HF
Reducing property of hydrogen halides HF < HCL < HBr < HI
Oxidising power of oxides of chlorine CI2O > CIO2 > CI2O> CI2O7
Decreasing lonic size 02- > F > Na+ > Mg2+
Increasing acidic property Na203 < MgO < Zn0 < P2 05
Increasing bond length N2 < O2 < F2 < CL2
Increasing size Ca2+ < CI- < S2-
Increasing acid strength HCIO < HCIO2 < HCIO3 < HCIO4
Increasing oxidation number of iodine HI < I2 < ICI < HIO4
Increasing thermal stability HOCI < HOCIO < HOCIO2 < HOCIO3

TRENDS AND EXCEPTIONS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY CATEGORY ORDER Melting point Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs Colour of the flam
Lewis base strength NF3 < NCI3 < NBr3 < NI3 Ease of hydrolysis of trichlorides NCI3 > PCI3 > AsCI3 > SbCI3 > BiCI3 Lewis

You might also like