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Advanced English Collocations Guide

The document discusses various types of collocations in English: 1. Verb + noun collocations that express preparing a list or document ("drew up a list/contract") or failing to take advantage of an opportunity ("pass up a chance"). 2. Noun + verb collocations where the noun is the subject, such as an opportunity arising or standards slipping. 3. Noun + noun collocations used to describe groups like a "spate of attacks" or "barrage of questions". 4. Adjective + noun collocations like an "idle threat" or "vain hope" that is unlikely to be fulfilled. 5. Adverb + adjective collocations providing intensely personal

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
60 views2 pages

Advanced English Collocations Guide

The document discusses various types of collocations in English: 1. Verb + noun collocations that express preparing a list or document ("drew up a list/contract") or failing to take advantage of an opportunity ("pass up a chance"). 2. Noun + verb collocations where the noun is the subject, such as an opportunity arising or standards slipping. 3. Noun + noun collocations used to describe groups like a "spate of attacks" or "barrage of questions". 4. Adjective + noun collocations like an "idle threat" or "vain hope" that is unlikely to be fulfilled. 5. Adverb + adjective collocations providing intensely personal

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Novan Kurniadi
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3 Grammatical categories of collocation

A Verb + noun
verb noun example meaning of verb

draw up a list Our lawyer drew up a contract for us to sign. prepare something,
a contract usually official, in writing

pass up a chance I didn’t want to pass up the chance of seeing fail to take advantage of
an opportunity Hong Kong, so I agreed to go on the trip.

withstand pressure The police officer’s vest can withstand the bear
the impact impact of a bullet.

B Noun + verb
noun verb example

opportunity arise An opportunity arose for me to work in China, so I went and spent a year there.

standards slip People feel educational standards slipped when the government cut finances.

C Noun + noun
• Noun + noun collocations used to describe groups or sets:
There’s been a spate of attacks/thefts in our area recently. [unusually large number
happening in close succession]
The minister had to put up with a barrage of questions/insults from the angry
audience. [unusually large number, happening at the same time]
• Noun + noun collocations used with uncountable nouns:
By a stroke of luck I found my keys in the rubbish bin! [sudden, unexpected piece of luck]
She gave me a snippet of information which is top secret. [small piece of information]

D Adjective + noun
This is not an idle threat; I will call the police if this happens again! [simply a threat]
He waited in the vain hope that the minister would meet him. [unlikely to be fulfilled hope]
There is mounting concern/criticism/fury over the decision. [growing concern, etc.]
The simple/plain truth is that no one was aware of the problem.

E Adverb + adjective
The article provides an intensely personal account of the writer’s relationship with his sons.
Joe’s sister was a stunningly attractive woman.

F Verb + adverb or prepositional phrase


The teenager tried to persuade his mother that he was innocent but he failed miserably.
I don’t like to travel with my brother because he drives recklessly. [wildly, without care]
As soon as the singer came on stage she burst into song.
If your dog starts to foam at the mouth, you should take it to the vet immediately.

G More complex collocations


Mary was looking forward to retiring and taking it easy for a while.
It’s time you put the past behind you and started focusing on the future.

10 English Collocations in Use Advanced


Exercises

3.1 Match a word from each box to form collocations. Not all the collocations appear on
the opposite page, so use a dictionary such as the Cambridge Online Dictionary to
help you if necessary.

[Link]
disease evidence opportunity smoke arises chatter howls pressure
standards teeth wind withstand rises slip spreads suggests

1 5
2 6
3 7
4 8
3.2 Complete each sentence using a collocation from 3.1 in the appropriate form.
1 The scientific human beings first emerged in Africa.
2 The was all night and it was raining, so I couldn’t sleep.
3 The machine has to be made of materials that can a lot of .
4 Oh, no! There’s a fire. Look at the from those buildings.
5 It was so cold I couldn’t stop my from .
6 Our survey shows that parents believe have at the school.
7 You must accompany Mason on one of his business trips to Asia, if the ever
.
8 An alarming new is among cattle in the south of the
country.
3.3 Rewrite the underlined part of each sentence using a collocation from the opposite
page.
1 I don’t want to say no to the chance of meeting such a famous person.
2 We’ll have to write a contract before you start work, as it’s a new position.
3 You’re working too hard. You should try to relax for a short period of time.
4 This new bullet-proof car can take the impact of a rocket-propelled grenade.
5 Do you have any interesting little bits of information about our new boss to tell us?
6 The minister faced a large number of questions from reporters.
7 I had some luck last week. The police found my stolen wallet and nothing was missing.
8 There’s been a number of violent attacks in the area recently.
9 After her divorce Mandy was determined to forget the past and build a new life.
3.4 Answer these questions.
1 Who do you think is the most stunningly attractive person you have ever seen?
2 What should you do if you are in a car with someone who is driving recklessly?
3 Do you prefer walking in the country if there is a gentle breeze or a strong wind?
4 Would you write your most intensely personal thoughts and feelings in your diary?
3.5 Choose the correct collocation.
1 He said he would throw us out, but it was just a(n) vain / idle / lazy threat.
2 They rushed the victim to hospital, in the idle / simple / vain hope of saving her life.
3 The government is encountering mounting / climbing / rising criticism of its policies.
4 There is raising / mounting / vain concern across the world about climate change.
5 The horse was fuming / foaming / fainting at the mouth, so we called the vet.
6 Suddenly, without warning, Marta busted / bustled / burst into song.
7 The right / straight / plain truth is that I hate my job.
8 I tried to persuade her but I’m afraid I failed desperately / miserably / wholeheartedly.

English Collocations in Use Advanced 11

Common questions

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The examples of collocations reflect cultural influences in language by depicting scenarios commonly experienced or valued within certain contexts, such as 'a barrage of questions' which can indicate a cultural context valuing inquiry or debate, or 'foaming at the mouth', which originates from observations in environments where animals are kept and thus relate to cultural practices of animal care. Understanding these collocations indicates an awareness of cultural narratives and practices embedded within the language, revealing culturally specific ways of understanding and interacting with the world .

Verb + noun collocations contribute to the richness of language in formal settings by providing precise and commonly accepted expressions that facilitate clear communication. For instance, 'pass up a chance' succinctly conveys the idea of not taking an opportunity, while 'draw up a contract' specifies the formal preparation of a legal document. Such collocations help maintain professionalism and clarity in communication, ensuring that complex ideas are conveyed effectively and efficiently, which is especially crucial in legal, business, and diplomatic contexts .

Analysis of noun + noun collocations like 'spate of attacks' provides insights into societal values by reflecting what events or trends are noteworthy or concerning to a culture. Such collocations often indicate issues that are prevalent or carry significant social impact, thus revealing what a society pays attention to or deems critical. This can guide understanding of societal priorities, potential threats, or cultural anxieties present at specific times, highlighting both current societal concerns and the value placed on safety and security .

Differentiating between types of threats using collocations like 'idle threat' is essential for language precision, as it allows speakers to convey the seriousness or lack thereof regarding a threat. An 'idle threat' implies a lack of intent to follow through, which can signal to recipients that the threat may not require immediate concern. This distinction is critical in various scenarios, such as legal, diplomatic, or personal interactions, where understanding the nature and credibility of threats can influence responses and decision-making .

Understanding noun + noun collocations with uncountable nouns is significant because it enables precise expression of concepts that are not easily quantifiable, such as 'a stroke of luck' or 'a snippet of information'. These collocations help speakers convey exact meanings and specify the nature of the concept they are discussing, as in distinguishing 'a snippet of information' as a small piece of knowledge. Applying them effectively requires recognizing these patterns and using them in contexts where precision and clarity in conveying these abstract concepts are needed .

Verb + adverb collocations like 'failed miserably' play a crucial role in interpreting emotional undercurrents by combining an action with an emotional descriptor that adds depth and intensity to the action. The adverb 'miserably' amplifies the sense of disappointment in the verb 'failed', providing listeners or readers with a clearer picture of the emotional state or the impact of failure on the speaker or subject. This understanding enhances empathetic responses and adds emotional weight to narratives .

Grammatical categories of collocations, such as verb + noun, noun + verb, noun + noun, adjective + noun, and verb + adverb or prepositional phrase, enrich linguistic expression by allowing speakers to combine words in commonly accepted patterns that convey precise meanings. For example, 'draw up a contract' implies formal preparation of a legal document, while 'withstand the impact' specifically refers to bearing or enduring physical force . These combinations enhance clarity and subtlety in communication, providing specific nuances that single words alone might lack .

The pedagogical significance of exercises involving collocations lies in their ability to teach language learners about natural and fluent language use. By focusing on collocations, curricula help learners understand conventional word combinations that native speakers use, which may not be intuitive for non-native speakers. This understanding leads to improved comprehension and production of language that sounds natural, aiding in achieving linguistic proficiency. Such exercises also enhance vocabulary acquisition by teaching words in context, making retention more effective and encouraging active language use .

Familiarity with adjective + noun collocations enhances persuasive communication by enabling speakers to use language that is both vivid and convincing. Phrases like 'stunningly attractive' or 'vain hope' provide evocative descriptions that can sway opinions or elicit emotional responses, making messages more compelling. Carefully chosen adjective + noun collocations can therefore strengthen arguments by appealing to pathos and creating imagery that reinforces the speaker's viewpoint or narrative .

'Mounting concern' as a collocation suggests urgency and growth by using 'mounting', which implies an increase, to modify 'concern', thus conveying that the level of worry is escalating. This is particularly effective in contexts such as discussions about global issues like climate change, where urgency and an accumulating nature of the concern demand attention and action. This linguistic construction helps communicate not only the presence but also the intensification of a concern, thereby emphasizing its growing importance .

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