Cuadernillo Ingles 1° Aho Nombre:Petra ksced || WHAT DO YOU THINK? Lookat the photos and the title ofthe article. How do you feel about climate ‘change? What are the biggest issues facing the environment? 2 Read the article and discuss the questions. 1 What did Greta protest about? 2. How did she protest? 3. Do you think it made a difference? What other ways can people make a difference? Sire eu tee ine Ifyou need to find specific information in a text, like a name or a number, you do not need to read every ‘word, You can quickly scan the text for key words. To scanatext: = decide what information you want to find: a number, a date, atime, a name. 1 move your eyes quickly dowm the page until you find the information, '= do not read whole sentences until you have found your answer. 3 Read the strategy. Scan the article and complete sentences 1-7. 1 When she was in school, Greta Thunberg got up at on Fridays, 2. Greta's first protest was in the city of 3. Her school strike for climate began in. 4 in201, mmllion people supported her protest. 5 The people who supported her protest were from different countries. 6 Greta first heard about climate change when she was 7 Greta almost won a prize 4 Read the article again and answer the questions. 1 Howoften did Greta go to the parliament building? How did she get there? 2. How did her strike become well known? What did she think about climate change when she was eight? Why did she stop talking to people? What helped her star talking again? What changes did Greta persuade her family to make? What quality do Grete’s parents admirein her? Why don't some people support Greta? 5 REACT Discuss the questions. 1 Do you think Gretais right not to go to school? What other ways can we raise awareness about climate change? 2. Do you think teenagers care more about environmental issues than adults? Why / why not? very Friday, Greta got up at 6 a.m. and had breakfast After breakfast, she got on her bike, but she didn’t goto school. Instead, she cycied to the parliament building in Stockholm and started her protest. Meet Greta Thunberg - superstar of the climate change movement. Greta's ‘school strike* for climate’ began in 2018 and quickly went viral*. Millions of young people shared her photo on mobile phones and laptops. The hashtag ‘tFridaysforFuture! was typed into keyboards all over the world. A year after her fist strike, Greta spoke atthe UN York and lead one of the biggest environmental protests ‘ever over 3 million people in 169 countries joined her. Now lam speaking to the whole world she wrote on Twitter. Not ‘even the pandemic stopped the movement - Greta organised ‘weekly climate strikes on the internet, People posted photos. ‘of themselves with their protest signs and the hashtag ‘uClimatestrikeOnline. ‘So how did tall begin? Greta first heard about climate change when she was eight years old. Back then she didn’t, beliave it was true because people weren't doing anything about it. Then she watched films about the environment at school and saw plasticin the ocean and starving polar bears. ‘My classmates were concerned when they watched the film, but when it stopped, they started thinking about other ‘things. | couldn't do that; she says, Greta was interested in ‘why climate change was happening and keen on fi ‘more. She realized that the problem had reached such an alarming level that everyone had to do something, She felt that those who didnt, as well as governments who refused to help, should be ashamed oftheir inaction. But the more she read about the problem, the more she worried. n fact,she was so anxious about its effects, that she stopped speaking and didn't goto school, ‘Then she realized she could do something about it, and 2s that's when she started to get better, Greta decided to make her familys lifestyle more eco-friendly*, She persuaded her mother, who travelled 4 lot for her work, to stop flying. Then she persuaded her family to give up meat and to add more fruit and vegetables 4 to their shopping lists. he got them to make other changes, too ~they bought an electric car and used bikes or bought bus tickets to get around. GGreta's parents are proud of her determination. Today, she has a very different lifestyle to most young people, but she 4s doesn't feel ike she is missing out. don't need to fly to Thailand to be happy she says,'And | dont need to buy (new) clothes: However, not everyone supports Greta. Some people criticize her and say she's too young to know what she's talking se about. And although she's fed up with the attacks on social ‘media she isn't afraid of the bullies, and they haven't stopped her spreading her message. Greta’ 1 card tells us she's a young person, but she talks like a leader, and world leaders are listening. She's spoken sat the United Nations, almost won a Nobel peace prize, and she's appeared on a postage stamp! But despite these achievements, Greta is most excited about the next climate protest, and she knows she’s not alone. ‘Tis is just the beginning” she posted on Twitter. The people have spoken so and we will continue to speak until our leaders listen, We are the change and change is coming! 6 Study the adjectives in questions 1-8. Scan the article to find the missing prepositions. Then work in pairs and answer the questions. Which sports are you in Which school subjects are you ke What things might people feel What do you get anxious Which achievements are you p What do you get What are you What do you get exci a 7 Acompound noun is a word or phrase that has two or more parts that combine to make a single meaning, for example, car park. Find compound nouns in the article tomatch definitions 1-6. 1 portable machine tat etsyoucal people a portable computer. a set of keys on a computer a note ofthe things you want to buy. a piece of paper that lets you travel from one place to another 6 adocumentthat shows who you are Make ten compound nouns with the words below. computer ring game parking credit centre card shopping concert ticket bag. birthday key car program keys Work in groups. Think about your everyday life. | What types of changes could you make to help stop | climate change? Brainstorm ideas, then choose your | top three. How do you think they will help? | > * strike = when you protest against something by refusing to goto workor school * govirel= when picture o information on social media is shared by alotof people * eco-friendly = not bad forthe environment GlossaryGrammar and reading kk. Present simple and present continous ‘1 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Read the definition and discuss the questions, 1 Why do some young people work as volunteers in other countries? 2. Would you like to be a volunteei? Why / why not? volunteer /volan'ra(7)/ noun a person who works for no payment 2. Read the interview and answer the questions. 1. How does Dean describe: 2. What does Dean do: 3. Whats Dean doing: Dean Williams is 18 years old. Heis ‘workings avolunteer in Nepal for a ‘month. He’s helping to build anew water system in a village in the mountains with five other volunteers. At the moment, he's talking tous about the project. ‘What do you thinkof Nepal? Is anamazing place!*tloveithere, and I realy like the people ~ they are so friendly! The village doesn’thavea clean water system yet, and there's no electricity. Everyone cooks over a wood fire and uses torches or candles at night. Life isn’t easy, but everyone seems happy. Swhat do you do every day? I get up at 6.00 am. becanse I always start ‘workat 7.00 a.m. The works hard, so we often finish at00 pm. “It’s quite hot in the daytime, so we don’t usually workin the afternoons. However, I sometimes teach English tothe children in the village. It gets dark at about 5.30 pm, soin the evenings we usually read or play games. Pmnever bored. Nepal? the people? Inthe mornings? right now? this afternoon? ‘are youworking on the water system today? ‘Well, ’'m not working right now because it’s lunchtime. I'm sitting in ‘my room and trying to keep cool. This, afternoon I'm learning Nepali -it'sa very difficult language! 3 REACT Workin groups and discuss the questions. 1. Howis Dear's lite in Nepal different from your life at home? the work? in the afternoons? the weather? Inthe evenings? learning Nepali? later this week? ‘What are you doing this week? We're laying some new water pipes tomorrow andon Thursday, but we aren’ working this Friday because the village is having a festival. We're planning atrip toKathmanduat the ‘weekend and we're very excited! 2. What do you think Dean is learning from his experience as a volunteer? 3. What do you think you would learn from being a voluntee? earned 4 Read the interview again. Match sentences 1-6 in the interview to rules a-f. We use the present simple: a totalk about routines or habits, especially with adverbs of frequency such as always, never, often, sometimes, usually, and with time expressions such as every dey. b totalk about acts and general truths. ‘¢ with verbs that describe states: believe, hate, know like, love, need, prefer, understand, wont. We use the present continuous: d totalk about actions that are happening now. @ totalk about actions that are happening around now. f totalk about planned future arrangements. ‘2 Further reference and practice) Workbook) page 84LEARNING Use the present simple to talk about Use the present continuous to talk about OBJECTIVES: ets and general truths ntactvities and planned future event 5 Make questions. Then work in pairs and answer the Proton Voluntourism 1. what / Dean /do / atthe moment? 2 he/ always / work /in the mornings? Every year, many young people'___ take) 3 thevolunteers / work /at the moment? time out from their work or studies and travel abroad ‘4 what / Dean /like / about Nepal? Some of them?_______ (not tay) in hotels and 5 he/study /thisaftemoon? they*______ (nat sunbathe). instead, they 6 what / the volunteers /do / this weekend? ‘ {help} people in developing countries with local projects This new way of traveling is called ‘voluntouris. According toa recent travel survey, 25% of young people Complete the text about voluntourism with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. | 7491.1 Work in pairs. Lookat photos 1 and 2. What are the are interested in voluntourism. Organizations like people doing? What type of projects are they working on? BUNAC and Raleigh International §_—— Listen to two podcasts and check your answers. (atch) people to projects around the word, These 8.4011 Ustenagsnandcompletetneinfrmatonstoux_uiinonst___—_ inte ati en Carlos and Rosie in the table. seis lon peorien Gathag) es Rosie REECE actess to clean water or healthcare. Volunteers often NARAOENS IT Sea Turtle *_____ (build) new schools or healthcare i facies in Afi and Asia. Project Project PEERAGE I South America isa very popular destination, too and right now hundreds of volunteers ®____(work) Recent sever there, 19-year-old Matt Baker isa volunteer from the UK. People atthe moment, he" (teach) English in Duration onemonth Chile 1"___ (ly) home at the end ofthis Working > 1000pm~ week, but more volunteers _______(arrve) odes ioe tomorrow. tsa great experience, so | ‘ (want) to volunteer again next summer. You see the world, InniCuitiaky (viene lear about different cultures and help people, too!’ carry;a long way from local town | Benefits learninganew * language Current * . activity SK Work in pairs. Choose one of the projects below and | follow these steps. 1 Imagine you are working as volunteers on the project. Complete the tablein exercise 8 for your project using your own ideas. | 2 Write a short padcast describing your project. Use the interview in exercise 2 and the podcasts in exercise 7 to help | you. Check that you use the present simple and present continuous correctly 3. Record your podcast on a phone or other device. Share itwith the class Ey [e:] De eR eed Cc build village health centre © Renya neip to study and protect wilde in danger © Peru teach English to primary school children fone sess your progressListening, vocabulary and speaking Ee Duck ee 1 WHATDOYOU THINK? Discuss the questions. 1 When you [Link] holiday, where do you usually stay? = Airbni’ = inahostel m ina hotel = ona campsite = with family or friends 2 Whereis the best place to stayf you want to meet people when you are traveling? 3 Would you stay at astranger’s home ifit was very cheap? Why / why not? iterview. What do you coe faa] son | 2 4912 Read the definitions. Then sen to theintroduction to arad a long seat, often wth ink a‘couch surfer’ is a back and arms, for ee runtee 3 491.3 Listen to the complete radio interview and choose the correct answers. 1 What sthe speaker's main purpose? surfer /'sf0(9)/ noun a tosay thankyou to couch surfers ‘1a person who rides b towam people about staying with strangers ce eee € toempain the benefits of couch suring Satomi tench 2 Howdo couch surfers usually thank people? Gia aengsae a They pay for theiraccommodatin. aftime using the b They give people asmall gf. internet € They pay for meals, 3 How does Lucas describe most couch surfers? a They are mostly older people. b They are mastly younger people. € They are mostly people with families, 4 Where are the members of wawcouchsurfingcom fon? a Europeand South America the USAand Canada € allover the world 5 What s the mostimportantthing for couch surfers? @ tovolunteerforlocal projects b toexperiencenewcultures ¢ travel cheaply 6 Whereis Mika stayingright now? a Canada b Alaska © Australia 7 Whatare couch surfers not doing? a changing people bb changing the world © changingcultures 4 REACT Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 What are the benefits of couch surfing for athe couch surfer? b the people they stay with? 2 Which do you think is better? a totravel cheaply and experience more b totravel comfortably and experience less (CBRN. cottocations with make and do 5 Acollocation is a group of words that are often used together. Study the examples in the table, Then add these words from the radio interview tothe table, & achoice m adifeence w ameal w asport m fiends w good|() « thehousework w yourbest make do amistake anexcuse journey homework crossword (someone) a favour aphonecall ames well your hair 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of collocations from exercise 5. 1 Anya’sa great cook. Last Sunday, she________for the whole family. 2 Canyou_____and lend me ten euros? eft my money at home. 3 Sorry 'mlate~ I thought we were meeting at 730 p.m. 4 Tomis volunteering t aschoolin Nepal. Hewantsto________tochildren’s lives 5 Everyone at my school_____— usually football, basketball or hockey. & There's no mobile signal here,so youcan't____ T Itdoesn't matter if you didn't win the football game-Iknowyou 8 Areyou shy when you meet someone new or do you finditeasyto_————————? © Vocabulary extra) Free-time activities ) page 15Ask for personal information ‘and respond appropriately 1c Use collocations with make and do LEARNING Understand opinions and main OBJECTIVES. pints ina radio interview EEE Asking for personal information 7 Look at the photo and discuss the questions. 1 Where are the two people? 2 Doyou think they know each other? 3 What do you think they are talking about? 4 How doyou think they feel? 8 491.4 Listen to a dialogue. Where is Ella from? Does she like London? What does Max suggest doing? 9491.4 Complete the phrases from the dialogue. Then listen again and check. ‘Asking for personalinformation Responding How do you'__? Me neither 2 areyou from? Realy? What'sit?_____therer it’s very diferent from Whatdoyouthink*§____? Actually, ove it Sowhat do you do — Husualiy Areyou’____ running? Yes, | am, That sounds great, 491.5 Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. Then listen and check. t= Tmnot bad. m I'vegot one brother. m Me too! m No, he doesn't = play basketball = She's my neightour. Tom —Areyou enjoying the party? Mary Yes, m glad Jade invited me. Tom So, how do you know Jade? Mary ‘________"_ What aboutyou? Tom |'minthesame class as her brother, Chris. Mary Right. Have you got any brothers or sisters? Tom # He's older than me. Mary oes he go tour scheol too? Tom *______ Heworksat the museum. Mary That's interesting. |sometimes go there with my fiends. What do you do after school? Tom | usually hangoutwith fiends, lsten to music orf Mary Really? Are you good at basketoal? Tom § "why don’t you come along? | Mary No, thanks - I'm not keen on it, butl'm good at tennis. Tom * ____why don't we play tennis on Saturday? T1_ Read the dialogue again. Underline two questions which ask about free-time a questions which ask about family and friends. Err We can show interest in what someone says ‘A What do you do at the weekend? by responding positively using expressions like { play the savophone in a band, Really, Great! or That's interesting. We can also. That's interesting. What kind of mosic do aska follow-up question, you play? Simin 12. Whyis itimportant to show interest and ask follow-up questions? 13. TASK Workin pairs. Choose one of these situations or use your own idea. Prepare a dialogue following steps 1-3 below. Use the dialogue in exercise 10 to help you. You are ata wedding, You both know the people getting marred, n2: You areat a summer barbecue. You both know the person giving the party. Situation 3: You are ata sports competition. You both know one of the competitors. 1. One ofyou should introduce yourself and ask a question. 2 Ask more questions to find out personal information about each other, Assess your progress | 3 Find an activity you both enjoy and suggest meeting later. rareDiscuss the questions. 1 Which languages and cultures can you find in your country? 2. How are they similar or different to each other? Read the article, How is Manuela’s journey similar to your own journey to school? How isit different? Read the article again and complete the sentences. Use three words in each sentence. 1. Manuela is on the train because she is 2 The train is special because every station is lke 3. In1917, people moved to Queens because there 4 People came to New York because they wanted to find 5. Tomas Garcia worked hard, started saving and 6 The peoplein Tomas bakery are from Mexico, CREE Se Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Are there any stops on the Number 7 route you'd like to get off at and explore? Why / why not? 2. What benefits might there be when different cultures live together? TEE Phrasal verbs with get Study the highlighted phrasal verbs in the article, Read the sentences and replace the words in italics with the correct form of a phrasal verb. 1 The train was crowded when it arrived at Flushing station. 2. We need to leave the train at Corona - that's the next stop. 3 We often escape from the city at the too crowded, 4 It’s ificutt to survive your first year ina new country, especially ifyou have to learn a new language! 5 Hurry up! Climb onto the bus. It’s leaving in a minute, 6 | havea good relationshio with my cousin. We have a lot incommon, sekend, It's far * It’s 8.15 in the morning and Manuela Garcia is on her way to college in New York City. She's sitting on the Number 7 train and she's doing her homework, but she hasn't got much space. Two Chinese women are sitting next to her - they're Taughing and chatting in Cantonese. A young man is on the other side ~ he's eating some tacos. Then an old woman gets\6f the train and sits down nearby ~she's wearing a sari and she's reading a book in Hindi. At jackson Heights, the old woman {ets Off. Iv’s raining outside and Manuela can see Indian and Pakistani shops in the street below. Welcome to the International Express, the most international train journey in the world. Every day, some of New York's three million immigrants take the Number 7 train from Queens to Manhattan and each stop is like a different country. Get off at Flushing station and experience China, go to Corona and you're in Mexico; the next stop is India, at Jackson Heights. Many immigrants are from Latin America, Bastern Europe, Aftica or Asia. If you listen carefully, you can hear more than 100 different languages. So why is this train so popular? 100 years ago, ‘most immigrants lived in Manhattan, but by 1910 ‘Manhattan was overcrowded and life was very difficult: Then, in 1917, things improved, thanks to anew train to a suburb called Queens. Immigrants ‘moved out of the city because there was more space in Queens, but they could still getto work in Mankattan, ‘These first immigrants came to New York to escape poverty and war, and to have a better life. ‘Today, people come for similar reasons. Manuela Garcia's father, Tomas, came from Mexico in 1986 and sold tacos from a small food stall next to Corona station. Tomas got through hard times, ‘saved his money and bought a bakery. Today the jukebox there plays Mexican songs and satellite ‘TV shows Mexican TV programmes. ‘We're proud of our culture, but the bakery is not just for ‘Mexicans; says Tomas. ‘We have Polish and Turkish customers, too. We all getonwith each other” ‘The train speeds past LaGuardia airport as the rain stops and the sun comes out. Manuela looks out of the window and watches the planes take off. People are getting away to experience the world, Manuela smiles, She doesn’t need to go to faraway countries ~ the world is right there on the Number 7 train.Articles wd examples of a, an and the in the text. What type of ‘word follows an article? Match sentences 1-6 to rules a examplesiin the article. 1 Igoton attain at Queens. 2 | goton a train at Queens. The train went to Manhattan. 3 Itwas the Number 7 train. 4 There ate 8.2 million people in New York. 5 Immigrants come from many different countries. 6 Tomas Garciais a baker. He'salso an immigrant. We use a /an when: a we takabout something or someone for the first time b we say what someone's job is, or when we describe what someone or somethings. We use the when: € we talk about person or thing that was mentioned before d there is only one person orthing We useno article when: € wetakabout somethingin general we use names of people, continents, countries or cities. > > f. Then find more Read the text and choose a /an, the or - (= no article). Elis sland is 'an / the island inthe / — New York Hartour, Its the /a tiny place, but between 1892 and 1954, more than 12 million people arrived at fa / the island. Sthe / ~ people were immigrants and they came to United States from all over the / — world, 15-year-old Annie Moore and her two younger brothers, Anthony and Phillip, were the first immigrants to go there on 1 January 1892. "~ / The children were from Ireland and, after a / ~long journey across *the / = Atiantic Ocean, they all hoped for "the / a better future Today, "the / - visitors come to Elis Island to learn about "the /a history of America and find out about their families. Over 40% of allUS citizens have ancestors who first arrived in America at "the / — island! Complete the questions with a /an, the or - (=n article). Then work in pairs and answer the questions. 1 Doyouenjoy _ holidays abroad? 2 Are you interested in___ other cultures? 3 Haveyou got penfriend in another co 4 Do you think it’s difficult to live in. 5 What do you thinkare_____ difficulties? 6 Isimmigration ___ important issue in your country? Why / why not? # new place? Se eredWriting An informal email Every year, thousands of school students around the world go on Changing Places exchange programmes. We hope you are having an amazing time and we want everyone to hear about it. Send us an email describing your exchange experience. Click here to contact us. Brea Before you write, think carefully about the task. 1 What are you writing? Make sure you know what kind of text you have to write. 18 Why are you writing? What is the purpose of your text? 1 Who are you writing for? Who will read your text and what do they want to know? '= Whet information do you want to include? 2, Read the strategy and answer the questions. 1. What kind of text do Changing Places want students to write? 2. Whatis the purpose of writing it? 3. Who doyou think wil read it 4 Which topics would the readers want to know about? 3 Read the model email on page 13 and answer the questions. 1. Whereis Connor frarn? Where is he staying? 2 Doeshe like his host family? 3. Which things are similar to his feat home? Which are diferent? 4 What activites is he doing today? 5 What does he think of the Changing Places programme? Win nee 4 Study the highlighted words and phrases in the model email. Add one more word or phrase to each language box. 5 Make sentences using the words in brackets. 1 Toni and | both like English /ikes sport (neither of us) Toni and | both like English and neither of us likes sport, the food in Brazil / other South American food (similar to} the subjects in school / the subjects we study in England (the same as) the weatherin Brazi / the weatherin England (diferent from) my home town is quite small / the big city of SZ0 Paulo (nothing like) everyone eats dinner very early / my family (unlike) 6 Whatis the purpose of each paragraph in the model email? Complete the organization boxes with the headings. Which two paragraphs could go in a different order? 1 Differences m Introduction m Plans and opinions m SimilaritiesLeARNING Use phrases to deserve OBJECTIVES etd tht similarities and differences: Hi Changing Paces, te ee My name's Connor. im from Cork in Ireland,and Im Talking about simitarit Stan by saying who you ae, fon an exchange programme in Barcelona. Im having Use both/neither, similar Sri ee Pees a great time! My host family is lovely and their son, nae eaine asa Se eee Felipe, is a really nice guy. We have a lot in commor bout similar art we both love football and neither of us likes maths! ees B Alot of things here are similar to Ireland, School ee starts at more or less the same time and the i eae Subjects are just lke the subjects | study at home. Tae beutatrenets parte oe The teachers are the same as teachers in Ireland, ‘ecieortan catirg Salter veh ‘too - some are OK and some aren't. But | don't feel " ‘ptalk homesick because everyone's really Fienly. Soames Other things are different from home. It’s warm and 2 sunny all the time ~ nothing like Ireland, where it Ocserbetethingsthetae . _oftenrains in summer Unlike at home, we always STIS diferent between where you eat dinner late, at 9.00, and we eat delicious Spanish represen aoe ‘are staying and where you food. OF course, the language isn't the same. I'm kind of, more or less, OK and come rom Sometimes abit embarrassed about my terible © Spanish, but Felipe helps me. ‘sound more informal. It's Saturday today, so I'm not going to school. I'm ee going to the beach with Felipe, then I'm watching ‘Say what your plans are Barcelona FC play at Camp Nou stadium - that's Contractions fortoday /the weekend kind of cool. | think Changing Places is a great way Use contractions and glve your opinion, to see the world, make new friends and learn a new like ‘m, 's, aren't, and doouttheChorgngPlaces 5 roger. rake yourwrlingless ‘Thanks, formal. Connor Dieu see Create a plan for your email. Plan to write four paragraphs and decide what information to include in each one, Imagine you area student on a school exchange rogramme with Changing Places. You are staying with a family and going to school in a different country, Write an informal email describing your exchange experience. Include information about the similarities and differences between the experience and your life at home, Think about the language you will use to: fe describe similarities and differences, ® make your email sound informal INWRITE Write a first draft of your email. Use the model IEPLAN Read the task and check you understand it. mall and your paragraph plan te help you. Then read the strategy on page 12 again, IEREVIEW Check your email. Use the checklist to help you. Think of ideas for what to include in your emai Hi r te fave you = organized your email into four paragraphs? ® which country and city you are visiting included all the information asked for in the task? Be SDR You ate a Ye ® used a variety of words and phrases to describe * what information to include - choose atleast fourof the similarities and differences? topics below and makenctesaboutthe similaitiesand ce the correct informal phrases? eels checked your spelling, grammar and punctuation? © everyday routines ® free-time activities m school life ® thefood = the language » the people » the weather eeeReview 1 ‘1 Complete the sentences with the words below. ‘= anxious m ashamed m excited m keen m proud ‘on football. 'm in the school team, 1 I'm 2 Theyre oftheir son. Heat Oxford University 3 Doyou get. about goingto rock concerts? 4 Ateyou about the exam tomorrow? 3 Emmais of making her ite sister ery Marks _/5 2 Match the words in A to the words in B to make compound nouns. Then complete the sentences. Am bus m car m cre shopping Bm card m keys m list m ticket (x2) You can buya You can payin cash or by. Well have to walk ifyou can'tfind the. Do you write a before you go to the supermarket to buy food? 5 You'llgeta if you leave your car there. Marks__/5 3 Complete the text with the correct form of make ordo. One family, six continents, twelve good deeds from the driver. Jackson Lewis came home one day lst year and asked his father, Why arent we doing more to? a difference inthe world His father’s answer wos to take Jackson and his brother on atrp to® good inthe world Right now, they'e ona journey through 12 afferent countries In every place they vis, they : ‘her best t help people in need. Sometimes they look fterchilden sometimes they 4____ meals and sometimes they teach English ‘Wherever they go, they friends witha lot of Aiferent people. Marks__/5 4 Complete the sentences with one word in each space. 1. We went by taxi, so we got the station ontime. 2 I'mreally stressed and Ineed to get. I'm goingon holiday next week 3 She got__the train and walked home. 4 It’s going to be difficult to get. tomorrow Ive got exams all day. 55 She paid the driver when she got. the bus. Marks __/5 Lk 5 Complete the profile with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Profile: Volunteer Asia 21-year-old Ben Greenberg is working for Volunteer Asia fora month —_{he / help) to look after old and sick animals at an elephant camp in Thailand. We asked him about the project. What?, {you / do) every day? (1/ getup) very early to give the elephants breakfast. (elephants / need) alot of fod, so this can take quite a longtime. How much food * (an elephant / eat)? Elephants eat at least 100 kg a day. But * (one elephant / not have) all that for breakfast! Our elephants have three meals a day.” (they /eat) lunch at the moment. * (the elephants / go out) today? (we /take) them to the river this (it/ get) very hot after {they /love playing in Yes, afternoon. lunch and": the water, Marks__/11 6 Complete the text with a/an, the or - (= no arti '___New York City is located at the mouth of ® Hudson River on 5 east coast of ¢, USA. But there was a time when * city did not exist. The Italian explorer Oa \Verrazzano was the first European to visit the area, but it was ® Englishman who landed there. Henry Hudson was”. Engh sailor, but he was working for *_______Dutch East India Company at the time, He brought ° animal skins from the Native Americans there and he took ______ shins back to Holland, Soon after that, the Dutch built" town in the area. They called it New Amsterdam. In 1864, the British took ®. ‘town and gave it new name: New York. Since then,*__ town has become one of the most important cities in the world. Marks__/14 Ee)Vocabulary extra 1 Y == oT. 11 Match A to Band C to D to make daily routines. 1 Match photos 1-12 to the activities below. a . @ 2 i bake cokes w checkout new bands w dowate sports ss hangoutwith riends w lear a language e0 rea bead pur phone m make jewellery m organize a party make yourteeth comb home ‘= play video games m read a navel ® support a team have out check asandwich©—m use social networkingstes m watch fms brush breakfast have your hair | eet adink get thebus 2 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in exercise 1. very morning, Hanna * breakfast for herself and for her litle sister Then she?________ready for school. Before she leaves, she2_______herteeth and4________her hair She always 7 her phone before she ut. she the bus ta school witha fiend every day At break time, she sometimes*@_____a drink with her friend in the school café, She always ‘a sandwich for lunch, When she ?_____ home, she does her homework and watches TV with her sister 3 Complete the questions with the daily routines in exercise 1, | 1 Doyou_____to school ordo you walk? | 2 How often do you formessages? 2 Answer the questions with the activities in exercise 1. | 3 Howoftendoyou______forlunch? Which free-time activity do people usually do: 4 atthe beach? ___ from school? 5 Doyou ever fiends? 6 How long does ittake you to school? dy? Friday evenings? aday? the morning? Do you usually do your homework as soon as you in acaféwith your 7 Doyou_______when it’s wet or when it’s 8 Doyou________withyourfriends on 8 Doyou after every meal ortwice 10 Doyou______ forall ofyour family in 4 Work in pairs and answer the questions in exercise 3. 1 2 atafoottall stadium 3 onaconsole? 4 inaclassroom? 5. atthe shops orn the café? 6 inthekitchen? 7 fora rene’ birthday? 8 atamusicfestival? 9 atalibreny? 10 ona plasma screen? 11 onatablein yourroom? 12 onalaptop? 3 Workin pairs. Cover the words in exercise 1 and look atthe photos. Ask and answer questions about the free-time activities. How often do you hang out with friends? Thang ovt with friends every weekend —eRe ec ee include any of your ideas from exercise 1? In the 21st century, people around the world are all connected - by technology, by economic and political relationships and by the climate change crisis. That's why we all need to become global citizens. But what ‘exactly isa global citizen? Global citizens make an effort toask questions and learn about global events, even when they'rehappening 0 very far away, We can’tsolveall ofthe word's problems, but we can takeiresponsility fr our actions and ther possible consequences. ‘Spend some time every day reading, watching or listening to the news, Choose good-quality news sources - if possible, more than one. For example, what kinds ‘of companies do you ive your money to? How ethical are they? How can you find out? Pees Global citizens understand that people are different ‘and celebrate those differences. They try to see the world through other eyes and imagine how they might feel. They're curlous about different cultures, ideas and ways of life, including their own. Cee © Talk to different people. Do you always hang out with friends who are similar to you? Try talking ta people Who are older or younger than you, or from other countries or cutures Global citizens think about the effects oftheir friendly ways. © Practise ctv litning The next tine you tal to someone, make an effort realy teen and understand that parent boughs and ecg Cee es ‘actions on the planet and do their best to live Insustainable, environmentally What can | do’ © Avoid waste. Dont buy more food than you can eat or clothes thet you aren't going to wear. Only use the water ‘and electricity that you really need. © Think about your everyday life. ‘What simple changes can you make? (Gan you carry @reusable water botle, ‘eat less meat or walk more often? Global citizens want to live in aworld ‘where all people are treated equally and have the same rights and opportunities ‘They try to understand the causes of. poverty and inequality and they aren't afraid to Speak out against prejudice and discrimination. Reed © Understand the issues, Social issues are complicated ‘and take lots of diferent forms. You can find lots of Information online to help you understand how they affect diferent people in ifferent ways © bor't accept prejudice. Speak out, but do it ina safe, sensible way dont putyoursef er other people in danger For example, takto someone at school, Cee menace erecs Global citizens believe that small actions can make ‘adiference. They takeppartin projects that help to create a better world, by contributing to their local community or supporting international causes. Perse © Volunteer your time. Find out about local community projects. How ‘can you teke part? Volunteering doesnt ‘only help the community ~ is also a ‘reat way to meet people and learn new skils © Help to taiSeGHEY. Can you and your friends do something to raise ‘money for projects and organizations that you believe in?In what ways are these people global citizens? Match the comments (A-E) to the ideas (1-5) in the article. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. try to only buy clothes from companies that treat ther workers well and pay ‘them fail. thinkt's better to buy fewer clothes and maybe spend more on them. Fast fashion is bad forthe planet anyway. try to read or watch the news regularly. Some of the issues are very complicated and I don't understand everything, but I think’ really important to know ‘wat'shappeningin the word I help torunan after-school club in alocal primary school, teaching children to ‘ode and create their own websites. At the moment, 'm tryingto encourage more giristo join. thinki’s important that there ae more women working in ‘the tech industry inthe future, I'm earning Mandarin Chinese and ve gota pentriend who lives in Shanghai. We message each other every week. Ourlives are different in some ways, but similarin ‘others. We both love sport, although he playstennisand| tke fotball, ‘Atthe weekend, I volunteer at the local ‘community centre. really enjoyit because meet all kinds of people - of different ages, with diferentobs, fom different cultural backgrounds. ve learned so much from talking to them. Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Inwhatother ways can you be a global citizen? Can you add three more ideas to the article? 2. What do you already do in your everyday ifeto be a global citizen? Can you find three things that you both do? 3 What could you do more often to become a better global citizen? Write down three things. Then compare your ideas with your partner. Study the highlighted phrases in the article, Complete Maya’s diary entry with the correct verbs. ‘Avanuary a “This year, Iwill: 1 ‘an effort to read the news every day. 2 ‘money for animals by organizing an event. 3 partin a local project. 4 ‘difference tothe community. 5 ‘more responsibility forthe things Ibuy and use. 6 ‘out against inequality and prejudice Read the checklist. Then choose a social or environmental issue that you think is important and answer the questions. 1. Think. Whyis this issue important? Who or what does itaffect? How? 2. Learn. Where can you find more information about this issue? Why is it complicated? 3. Open your mind. What might different people think and feel about ths issue? Why? 4 Explore solutions. What are people and organizations doing to try to solve the problem? 5 Take action. What can you do to make a difference? [EXE Work in groups. Find out about an issue or problem that affects people or the environment in other parts of the world, Prepare a presentation for the rest of the class, answering the questions below. = Why is this issue important? Who or what does it affect? = What are some different points of view on the issue? = Hovr are people and organizations trying to solve the problem or improve the situation? = Can people in your country make a difference? Ifso, how? |e varhshevideoonne \Look at the photos and discuss the questions. 1. How would you describe the towns in the photos? Why do you think they are ‘strange’? 2 Do you think these towns are successful? Why / why not? 3. What do you think makes a town successful? Read the article and check your ideas in exercise 1. Which town was a success and why? Paraphrasing means using different words to express the same idea. To identify paraphrasing, look out for: f= synonyms (words with similar meaning) and entonyms (words with opposite meaning) 1 sentences that say the sarne thing, butin a different order & ideas that are summarized and not repeated word for word Read the strategy. Underline the parts of the article that are similar to sentences 1-8. Then match sentences 1-9 to places a-c. 1 People left the town because of unemployment. 2 Homes are different there because of the weather. 3 Town planners made changes to this place to attract tourists. 4 This place is very popular with tourists 5 The town was built for people who worked for a company. 6 The town was a popular resort for factory workers. 7 The buildings in the town looked American, 8 Nobody looks after the buildings there. 9. People knew about it because something was discovered there. a Fordlandia b Coober Pedy Skegness Work in groups and discuss the questions. 1 What can we learn from these towns? Why did two of them fail? 2. Compare these tawns with your town. Are there any similarities or differences? a e: Find antonyms of these adjectives in the article. messy (line 8} ole line 3) dangerous (ine 25) a unpopular (line 41) quiet, boring (line 45) narrow (ine). clean (ine 52) crowded (line 54) wt ‘Fordlandia' was an American-style town in the middle of the ‘Amazon rainforest. Sounds crazy? Wellin the 1920s Henry Ford, the owner of the Ford Motor Company, needed rubber «5 to build his cars, Rubber trees grew inthe rainforest, so he bought a plantation* there and built a town for the workers. Fordlandia had American-style houses with pretty gardens ‘and tidy streets, There was a factory in the town, as well as 2 School and 2 moder hospital. There was also a swimming 1» Bool and a Haiice all! But in the 1940s, man-made rubber became cheaper and {esier to make, Rubber from trees was expensive, so in 1945, the plantation closed and people started to leave. Today, jungle covers a lot of Fordlandia, Local people stl live there, 1 but none of thom work for Ford. Coober Pedy, Australia ‘Coober Pedy first appeared on the map in 1915, when a ‘4-year-old boy found an opal gemstone there. After this iscovery, people started to arrive and look for opale, 20 Many were solders from World War 1, who were good at digging trenches.* They dug the mines and they also made underground homes. Today, most of Coober Pedy is underground. it's not ‘surprising! Temperatures can be 47°C, and underground 28 homes are safe and cool Although there are fewer mines ‘now, and only 1800 people lve there, Coober Pedy still has a school, 2 BHU, a fire’station, a polige station and @ four-star Rotel. There's even an underground campsite! Most of the world’s opal still come from this tiny town, and 20 tourists often come and stay in the unusual underground houses. The area around the town is popular with film ‘crews, too, and you can see itn the movies Red Planet ‘and Alien Arrival. Infact, Coober Pedy is ‘the Hollywood of the Outback Large fam, usually in tropical or semi-ropica oun + trenches = long, nao alsin he ground 4 the Outbsck= parts Aust that afar ana rm towns eres ‘+ amusement arcades = indoor laces wher you can play games on machines that you operate wth coins promenade = 2 public place for walking usala wide pat next tothe seeWhere can you find amusement arcades* and neon lights? ‘The answer isnt Las Veges - i's Skegness in the UK‘ ‘Skegness isa seaside town on the East Coast of England locals sometimes call it Skeg Vegas! Originally, Skegness was an old Viking settlement and later a small port it became a popular holiday resort when a allway ation was built there in 1875, During the summer holidays, factored in the north of England shut down, and workers Visited the town, Every year, over 450,000 people came for ite sandy beaches, lively arcadas and famous pier. There was also an amusement park, a Steet market, a theatre and lots of hotels, However, in the 1960s, cheap package holidays to other countries started to become popular. Fewer and fewer people went to Skegness. ‘Today, the sky in Skegness is grey and the sea looks brown. Thore are one or two people on the wide promenade* next to the beach, and the arcades are run down and dirty. ‘The amusement park is old-fashioned and looks sed and doserted, Skogness looks lke i's stuck in the past. But 5 people are stating to go there again ~ maybe its future will be brighter Complete the sentences with words from exercise 5. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1 The cinema was with people, There were no seats left 2 After the political protest, the city streets were and full of rubbish, 3 cities need to be energy-efficient, to help stop climate change, 4 The village looked. Not many people lived there, 5 That restaurantisreally People are queuing to getin! 6 Some streets in our town are too for buses. 7 Don'tvisitthat area of the city, It's____and there's lotof crime there. Study the highlighted words in the article, Put them into the correct category (a-f). Then add the places below. Can you add two more words to each category? artgallery a busstation = cinema m concerthall football stadium w library ® prison shoppingcentre m skatepark m sports centre taxirank m underground station university Entertainment Shopping. Transport Education. Sports vices Inwhich of the places in exercise 7 can you do these things? catch atrain| report acrime borrow books listen to music n watch a sport doa sport seea play m study Work in groups. Imagine you are designing a new town, Prepare a presentation about your town, using the ideas below to help you. Present your town to the class and vote for the best. 4 the location of your nev hy people should lve there the four most important places to include four places that you would not include >Grammar and reading a. Past simple ‘1 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Look at the photo below and discuss the questions. 1. Who are the two people? Where are they? What do you thinks happening? 2. Can you tellif you can trust someone when you frst meet them? Why /why not? 2. Read the blog post. Do you think Anna behaved in a sensible way? My name is Anna, A few years ago, | was on holiday in Mexico. | wasn’tan experienced ‘traveller and | made a mistake. What did | learn? Well, this is what happened. | wanted to take a bus from Mexico City to Oaxaca, where my sister was.a teacher. At the bus station, it took an hour to get atticket: When I got on my bus, it was crowded, but saw aseat beside a young women and sat down, Shei Carly. She was from the US, but she ved in Mexico. Iwas tired and didn't want to talk, but she was friendly and we started chatting. She asked me lots of questions about ‘myself. In Puebla, we had to wait for another bus, so Carly suggested we find a café. She said it was safer than waiting in the bus station. | didn’t know if that was tr, but | thought, ‘She lives here, i's OK' Was | right? You decide. 3 REACT What would you do in Anna’s situation? What do you think happened next? 4 Study the highlighted verbs in the blog post. Which ones are regular? Which are irregular? What are thei ives? 5 Find more examples ofthe past simple in the blog post. Then answer the questions. 1 Howdo we make negative anc question forms ofthe vero be? 2 How do we make negative and question forms of other verbs? ‘D Further reference and practice) Workbook) page 86 6 Complete the next part of the blog post with the past simple form of the verbs in brackets. In the café, we |___ (find) atable next to two boys wearing headphones. While Carly went to get some coffee,|?____ (put) my head on the table and?______(close) my eyes. When. '___{wake up], Carly *____(not be) there and neither was my bag ~ or the twa boys with headphones!!*__ (not wait)— (run) outside, but!*___ (not see) Carly,|"___ (realize) my money and bus ticket "_____(be)in the bag, but luckily, |"___have) my mobile phone, "__(try to call my sister ~ no signal. At the bus station they sai, The bus to Oavaca”___(\eave five minutes ago:1"______ nat know) what todo and"*__(begin) to cry. Then a voice behind me said,’ OK, I have your bag’ 1*"__ (turn) round and *__ {see} one ofthe boys from the café holding my bag. 7 Write questions in the past simple. Then work in pairs and answer the questions. 1 where /Anna / wantto go? 4 wy /Anna / begin tocry? 2 what /Carly /suggest? 5 the boys wearing headphones /be / friendly? 3. vihat mistake / Anne / make? 6 Carly /be a good person? f 8 TASK Workin pairs. Invent an ending for the story. Use the past simple form of some of the verbs below and your own ideas. & buy w drop m explain m follow m give m invite m leave w look m pickup m realize w run 1 take out m watch 94)21 ten to the last part of the story and compare it with your ideas in exercise 8.LEARNING ose a. Past simple and past continuous is 10 Read the article and answer the questions. 1 Where was Mr Kaya from? 2 What did he do every day? 3 What happened one February morning? 4 Why did he start the Small Kindness Movement? 5 When was the first World Kindness Day? wore, IVES Usethe past simpleto talk about completed ctlons or states in the pa and past habits In 1963, Mr Seiji Kaya was a teacher at Tokyo University. Every day, Mr Kaya took the train to work. *At& am, one February morning, he ‘was waiting for his train, ‘It was snowing and alotof people were at the station, *Mr Kaya ‘was getting on the train when aman stole his ‘bag, “He shouted for help, but no one tried to Use the past cor talkabo. inuous to pve background descriptions and lonsin progress ata specifictimein the past. 2B ‘Mr Kaya was upset, but no one asked if he was OK In fact, no one talked to him at all. After this bad experience, Mr Kaya started to encourage his students to ‘be brave and practise small acts of kindness every day’. He wanted to create a ‘wave of kindness across Japan, so he started the ‘Small Kindness Movement. In 1997, 13 November ‘stop the thief. became World Kindness Day and today people celebrate it all over the world! TH Read article again and match sentences 1-6 to rules: We use the past simple for: a a completed past action or a past state. bb apast habit € asequence of actions inthe past. We use the past continuous for: d background descriptions. an action oractions in progress at a specific time in the past. We use the past simple and the past continuous for: f alongeraction interrupted bya shorter action ‘© Further reference and practice) Workbook ) page 85 12 )2.2 Complete the texts with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check. 1A Yesterday, | B When | was younger, my mum © My brother", (stand) in 2 queue ata fast food 7 (Cake) me to visit my (travel) home by train when restaurant. Thewoman infront grandparents every weekend, One he™ (lose) his ofme?__ (as ‘weekend, we. rive) on ticket He™ fora double burger and fries. a busy [Link]®. (get) {not have) enough money She? (pay) and dark andi”. (cain) heavily for another ticket and an ‘ (walk) out of the Suddenly, the car” cold woman in the next seat shop, but she. (stop). My mum ®__ ™___(buy) him (not eat) them, She® (not know) what to do. Two men on cone. She (give) them to a homeless man motorcycles ™ (appear) (notwant) any money for who" (sit) onthe They' {fig the car in ten it; she just street outside ‘minutes, but they (get) (want) to help. very wet. 13. TASK Think abouta time when you helped someone or someone helped you. Make notes about the questions below. Then tell your story to the rest of the class. Which act of kindness do you think was the most generous? 1a When did it happen? n What were you doing? 1 What was happening in the background {the weather, people, etc)? Why did you help them or why did they help you? How did you feel?Listening, vocabulary and speaking EES eed 1] WHAT DO YOU THINK? Discuss the questions. 1 Can you name the five senses? 2. Which senses do you use to find out about the things below? ananimal m ababy = acake m afilm w flowers m traffic x 3 Which would be the most dificult sense to live without? Why? 2.42.3 Listen to a radio interview with a traveller, Terti. Which senses help him when he travels? 3 42.3 Listen again and answer the questions. 1 How does Terri get around a new city? 2. What problems did he have in Istanbul? 3 How did he know when he was near the sea? 4 Does he prefer bus stations or train stations? Why? 5 What does he do when he first arrives in a city? 6 What advice does he give to sighted travellers? 4 REACT Workin groups and discuss the questions. 1. What are some other challenges blind people might face when travelling? 2. Doyou think there is more that towns and cities could do to help blind people? 3 What advice would you give to biind person visting your city / town? (CREPE, The senses 5 Add the words below to the table. Then add the past simple forms of the verbs to the last column. a feel m nose m see m sight m taste m tongue m touch Sense Body part Verb, Past simple p eyes mie eee hearing 4 hear 2 smell « smell 1 taste 2 . 0 skin 2 » 6 424 Look at the photos on the page and listen to the sounds, Imagine you are visiting this place. What can you see / hear / smell /taste /feel? 7 TASK Workin pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Think about a place you visited, What do you remember most about that place? Talk about the things you: u felt, m heard, m saw. w tasted, smelled, 2. Which sense helped you remember the most? Number them 1-S in order of importance (1= most important, 5= least important} m touch m hearing sight _ taste smell__LEARNING Understand the main points and Use vocabulary relating to Askfor follow ‘OBJECTIVES: important detain a narrative the senses to talk about a place ‘and give directions EEA ssking for and giving directions 8 Work in pairs. Look at the map and find these places. = acathedral m amarket m ametrostation ‘= arailway tation m anartgallery m the river w two cinemas 9 492.5 Listen to a dialogue. Where are the speakers? Where do they want to go? 10 42.5 Complete the phrases from the dialogue. Then listen ‘again and check. ‘Asking for directions Whicht._bithe...? Could you2______us / me how to get to...?, We're looking for Doyou know how to get to... ? Can you help us? Giving directions Go?____ this road, towards / away from the Then walk*____the 5 right / left into... It's the first / second / third road “Asking for repetition Bh Sorry, | didn't*__ that Could you say that again? 42.6 Put the dialogue in the correct order. Then listen and check. —— Sue Sorry, 'm not sure | understood. Could you repeat that, please? —— Teo That’sright. — Sue OK, and then? —— Sue Oh, |see. So go down New Bridge Street. —— Teo. Well, when you reach the end of New Bridge Street, you'll see Grey's Monument, and there's a metro station right next to it. —— Sue Thankyou! — Teo Sure, go along John Dobson Street, and then turn right onto New Bridge Street. The metro stationis there, but at the momentit’s closed. _1_ Sue Excuse me, Can you help us? We're looking for the nearest metro station. = Teo. ‘es, it's very near here. Go straight on, along John Dobson Street towards the river. Walk past Durant Road and Saville Row towards Market Street, When you get to New Bridge Street, tur right Read the dialogue again. Underline more phrases for giving directions and asking for repetition. Emenee een We often use expressions lke Excuse me or Sony A Excuse me. Con youtell me the way to the to bother you to get someone's attention before ion, please? askinga question, When youdo this, try to look B Yes, of coorse. it's down this road and on atthe other person directly and sl theleft, |13. Inwhat situations might you need to get someone’s attention? 4 TASK Workin pairs. You are on Blackett Street. Take turns to ask for and give directions tothe places below. Remember to ask for repetition if you do not understand. w acinema m alibrary = atheatre = the allway station w the river Pee eee ee — Se Cy ik Vocabulary extra ) Prepositions of movement) page 29fer eee ‘| WHAT DO YOU THINK? Discuss the questions. 1. How do you think people choase names for their children or pets? 2. How might people choose names for towns and cities? 3. Why do you think names are important? 2 Study the names below. In which country can you find these places? Can you guess how they got their names? Read the extract from a travel blog and check your answers. ayetteville m Malibu m Michigan = New York m Oxford 3 Read the extract again and answer the questions. 1 How does the writer describe Surprise? 2. Whatcan Native American names tll usabout places? 3 Why did Europeans name tovins ater people and places in their home country? 4 What did the name Kidd's Hammock tell people? 5 Why did people call their town Dinosaur? 6 Why does the writer think Surprise has the right name? (CORBBRETA verbs + prepositions 4 Find these verbs in the extract and write the prepositions that follow them. 1 borrow. 5 wait 2 belong 6 hope. 3 warn 7 learn 4 happen 8 think 5 Complete the sentences. Use the present simple or past, simple form of the verbs in exercise 4. 1 It’sinteresting to place names 2 Thename Seattle’ leader, Chief Seattle the meaning of __a Native American 3 Thesign. people the dangerous road ahead, 4 Doyou know what. Captain William Kidd? 5 Wecan alot Native American town names. 6 European settlers abetterlifein America 7 |___abook the library —itwas about the history of New York 8 Ourcarbroke down on the way to Hell. We three hours for help to arrive! Ceo GUST Reading, vocabulary and grammar Naming places Last summer, while | was visiting the USA, I came across some unusual places. As | was driving through Arizona, | saw a. sign for ‘Surprise’. Surprise is a small + town in the middle of nowhere. It's @ pretty place and there's a beautiful park there, but there's nothing surprising about it, 50, how did it get its name? Many place names in America describe '» what you can find there, ‘Lite Valley’ in New York is a town in a small valley, ‘and ‘Oblong’ in linais is a town with an oblong shape. These types of names often include landmarks to help people 1 find them. Thousands of years ago, this is how Native Americans, the first people in America, described different places. ‘So Michigan comes from the Native ‘American word ‘michigana’ (large lake), 2° and Malibu, in California, comes from the word 'maliwu! (place where the surf is very loud). Names can tell us other things, to. When European settlers errived in the 2s 17" century, they built new towns and borrowed names irom people or places that they knew. So New York gets its name from an English noblemen, the Duke of York; Fayetteville comes from x» a French statesman, the Marquis de Latayette; and Oxford is named after a city in England. These names showed \who founded! these places or who they belonged to 2s Other names have more local stores. Kitts Hummock in Delaware was originally, called Kidd's Hammock: Kidd’ after the famous 17*-century pirate Captain Wiliam Kidd, and ‘Hammock’ referring 4 tothe type of tees in the area. its name desoribed the location, and also warned people about the outlaws* they might find there! Then there's a town called Hell in Michigan, with a tiny population. Why is 45 it called Hell? And what happened to the people? Nobody knows for sure,LEARNING Understand JECTIVES information ina text | was sitting in a diner in Colorado, when I noticed a sign for ‘Dinosaur. | was ‘wondering where the name came from while | was waiting for my fod. It gets, its name from the Dinosaur National Monument,’ explained the waitress. "The monument isn't far and its worth a visit” she added, Apparently, people in Dinosaur were hoping for dinosaur-loving tourists to come and stay! We can learn a lot from place names, ‘They make us think about what we can find there or what happened in the past. They can be funny, lke Surprise, or scary, like Hell. While | was staying in Surprise, | asked about the origins of the name. In 1938, Surprise was a tiny piece of farmland. The founder*, Flora Mae Statler, said she would be surprised if it ever became important. 90 years later, it's one Of the fastest-growing towns in the USA. | guess Surprise lived up to its name! Glossary % founded = established o setup place ‘outlaws = people who breacthe lw founder = person who frstestalshed and named place Use verb and preposition combinations Use while, os and when to talk about events inthe past Ea while, as and when ‘7 Find examples of while, as and when in the extract. '8 Complete the rules with the words below. wm after m beginning = longer m same = shorter We can use while, as and when to talk about actions take place at the same time. We usually use while or as to introduce the action bb We use while oras for two longer actions that happen at the___ time. ¢ Weuse when tointroduce a interrupts @ longer action. d _Weuse when to talk about one event that happens immediately ____another. @ While, as and when can go at the _____or in the middle of sentences. action that ‘© Further reference and practice ) Workbook ) page 87 9 Read the story and choose the correct words. Boring, Oregon Names can sometimes give you the wrongiidea. I was travelling through Oregon last year ‘when / while I sawa town on the map called Boring. Iwas curious about thename, so decided to visit. While / When I was waiting for thebus there Tasked some people about the [Link] / When we were talking about Boring, ‘decided to stay a few nights to see if it lived up to itsname. 1 visited different places ‘as / when Iwas there, including local market and a theatre, [also went mountaln-biking on the ‘Springwater trail. (While / When I was riding my bike, I came ‘across a rattlesnake. That wasn’t boring! I learned that Boring got its name from a soldier, William H Boring, and thatthe town starred ina TV series called Everything Sucks Boring isn't soboringafteralll 10 TASK Workin pairs. Choose five of the sentences and think ofa suitable ending for each. Tell the endings to your partner. Can they guess which sentence itis? | was watching Everything Sucks! on TV when ‘Aswe were cycling along the street, The doorbell rang while As was tidying my room, When | got up this morning, My friend was takinga selfiewhile AAs | was waiting for my fiends at acafé, While lwas doing my English homework, 9 My teacher was talkingto the class when 10 I waslistening to music while @Ec anand 1 Work in pairs, Look at the photos from a travel blog post and discuss the questions. 1 Which country do you think the blog post is about? Why? 2 What activity can you see inthe first photo? How would you describe it? 3 What do you like doing on holiday? Why? 2 What information would you expecta travel blog post to include? 3 Read the model blog post on page 27. Which of your ideas in exercise 2 does it mention? Doesit include any other information? Cee eee ee eee 4 Study the adjectives highlighted in yellow in the model blog post. Add them to the table. Some adjectives can go in more than one category. The journey | short, safe, boring, dangerous The people polite, nice, young The weather stormy, windy, hot, rainy Theplace pretty, cheap, unpopular, awful 5 Describe each situation using one adjective from exercise 4. 1 There area lot of people on the bus. crowded 2 You pay 20 euros fora sandwich ata cale. 3 You could easly hurt yourself bungee-jumping. 4 Everyone makes you feel welcome. 5 The hostel you'e staying ini very dirty and noisy, 6 Alotof people visit this town, 7 There are no clouds in the sky. 8 You getlost and a woman gives you directions. Br When you write, it’s a good idea to avoid repeating key words. 1 You can avoid repeating the name of a person by using he, she or they. 2. You can avoid repeating the name ofa place by using there 3. Youcan avoid repeating the name of an object or activity by using itor they 6 Read the strategy and then study the words highlighted in orange in the model blog post. What do they refer to? Find at least two more examples in the text. 7 Complete the sentences with the words below. m her a it m she m them @ there = this | had two holidays to Spain last year. | really enjoyed New York san amazing city there's so much to do Kate travelled to South America, spent three months in Brazil Did you visit Barcelona? _isfarmous for its architecture. The trafficwas very bad and meant | missed my flight, | Antonio's mother was very kind =I must write and thank —_ 8 Match the things the writer does to paragraphs A-D in the model blog post. 1. gives background information about the place and its history 2_ sums up why he likes the place 3 says where he went and describes his journey 44 describes some of his experiencesLEARNING OBJECTIVES Useavarlety of adjectives to Witesbiog post escribe travel experiences Make sure you! haveclesr paragraphs to start naw topics. PCa Remo >) 0) (oe Day 35 a ‘At the moment, 'm travelling in New Zealand. Last week, | went to Queenstown, on South island. I flew from the busy capita, Wellington, to Christchurch, From there, took a bus south through the mountains and past peaceful lakes. The journey was long and ting, but while | was traveling, | meta gir called Kate, She was from Queenstown and was really friendly and helpful She gave me a lot of information about the town. This was Very Useful in the next few days. (Queenstown isa historic city in a beautiful location, next to Lake Wakatipu tsa popular place for backpackers to visit, but it also has a fascinating history, It was originally a Maori settlement, but in the 1860s people discovered gold. That was when the Europeans fist arrived and settled there. Atthat time, Victoria was queen of the UK. I's possible that those people named the town in honour of het. While | was staying in Queenstown, | saw a lot of advertisements for adventure sports -the town is famous for them. Some sports, ike snowboarding and kayaking, looked exciting and fun. There were other sports, too, ike bungee-jumping and rock-climbing. They looked really scary. The weather vas cold, but sunny and bright, so | decided to try snowboarding, really enjoyed that activity | also went to a local music festival It was very crowded, but heard some great music and met some really interesting people. Queenstown isa fantastic pace to stay. There's so much todo there and everyone is really friendly. As well as adventure sports and the festival, [visited some lively markets and ate at a few popular (and expensive) restaurants 'd recommend Queenstown to anyone! | | Paragraph Ske | eG shore | [comment Mn tees Usea variety of words and phrases to avotd repetition pi Using descriptive adjectives Use descriptive adjectives to describe themostimportant things the journey, the place the people, the weather your experiences ‘Avoiding repetition Toavoid repeating nouns, use words lke ‘he/shet im/her/them, this, there and phrases lke te town, thase people, that activity, Think about the language you will use. Write a travel blog post about an interesting place you visited in the past. IEPLAN Read the task and check you understandit. ‘Think of ideas for what to include in your blog post. s Decide which country or city you are going to write about f= Describe the journey. What was it lke? Did you meet anyone? Decide what background information to include about, the place and its history s Describe any activities or experiences, What were they ike? What is your overall opinion of the place? Create a plan for your blog post. Plan to write four paragraphs and decide what information to include in each one, = adjectives to describe the place, journey, people, weather and activities '= words and phrases to avoid repetition INWRITE Write first draft of your blog post. Use the ‘model blog post and your paragraph plan to help you. IEREVIEW Check your blog post. Use the checklist to help you. Have you: = organized your blog post into four paragraphs? s included all the information you planned to cover? Used a variety of adjectives to describe things? avoided repetition? checked your spelling, grammar and punctuation? (SenReview 2 a eennteincinenienemmittnintiadettinnsntamenesenemmeensieendi a 1 Read the text and write the antonyms of the adjectives initalics. Marks _/6 2 Complete the definitions with places in town. 1. Youcan see famous paintings here: 2 You go here if you break your leg: 3 You can borrow books here: 4 You can do ascience degree here: 5 You go here itsomeone steals your bog Marks —_/5 ‘3 Complete the sentences with the words below. = hear m sight m skin m smell m tongue 1. Rememberto put suncream on your: so that itdoesn't bum, 2 That cheese doesn't very nice! | don't want any. 3 Jacklosthis. in an accident, so now he's bind 4 Ican___ the birds singing when I get up. 5 Aperson's can identify four different flavours. Marks _/5 4 Complete sentence b with three words so that it has a similar meaning to sentence a. Use the correct form of the verbs below. t= belong = borrow m learn w wait m warn 1a Travelling teaches you many things. Youcan—________ from travelling. My frend lent me this book |—___ from my friend. They were at the taxi rank for an hour. a b 2a b a b They taxi foran hour, a b a b 3 That's my brother's digital camera That digital camera_____ brother. They told us to be careful of scorpions. the grass. They________scorpionsin the grass. Marks _/5 5 Complete the text with the past simple form of the verbs in brackets. (One day last year, I* (go) 0 our local shopping centre with some friends. 1? (Cake) my mobile phone with me. The next day, realized that 1 (nothave) my phone. My mam * (call my number to see ifmy phone was athome. Wellistened, butwe® (nothear) the ringtone. Suddenly, my mums phone started ringing. She 5 (answer) itand” (speak) ‘toawoman who*. (have) my phone. We 2 (arrange) to meet ather house. When got there, she ™ — (give) me back my phone. I couldn't believe my luck! Marks _/10 6 Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets. 1 Where (bel you yesterday morning? 2 Rosie (not study) at 8 p.m. last night, She was ata party. 3 What time {the train / leave) the station? 4 Igotup, (have) breakfast and went out. 5 {you sleep) when i called? 6 People: (not write) emails in the past. They sent letters instead. 7 twas the first day of August and the sun (shine) 8 We were going to school when it (start tosnow. Marks _/8 7 Complete the sentences with while / as or when. 1 Jacktellasieep he was watching film. 2 Wewent out. therain stopped. 3 Ann was driving to work the accident happened. 4 ___L was walking through the park, remembered it was mum's birthday! 5 They were listening to the radio they were making breakfast. 6 Paul bought ticket. he gottto the station. Marks _/6 a5)Cena 1 Label the picture with the words below. cave m cliff m desert m forest w hill mountain m sea m valley = waterfall lake 2 Match definitions 1-10 to the words in exercise 1. 1 aninland area of water anarea ofland thatis quite high ahigh area of rock nextto the sea the low land between two mountains orhills which often has a river running through it a river that falls from a high place a large area of land covered with trees a large area of land with very little water and very few plants ahole in the side ofa hill or under the ground anaree of land thatis very high 10 avery large area of water 3 Work in pairs. Think of a famous place for each of the geographical features in exercise 1, Then write a sentence explaining what itis and where itis, he Saharais a desert in the north of Africa, eeu’ 11 Match cyclists 1-12 to the prepositions below. ‘across m along m away from m down m into ® outof over m past m through m towards m under m up Vocabulary extra 2 2 Look at the map showing the route Heidi cycled yesterday to take some photos. Then complete the text with the prepositions in exercise 1. Held went her garden and cycled 2__the station. After ste passed the station, she oycled?, the railway line and 8 the station. Then she went. the bridge and ® the forest. After that, she cycled” the mountain to take same phatos. After she had a rest, Heid cycled * —the ‘mountain and ® the road, a field with some cows. Then she went *= the riverand®. her garden again, When she {got home, she posted her photos oniine. ee Se 7 ,Look at the photo in the article and discuss the questions. Then read the article and compare your ideas. 1. What food packaging can you seein the photo? 2. What type of food packaging do you use every day? 3. Read the definition, What packaging do you think has a big carbon footprint? ‘carbon footprint /karban fotprint/ noun a measure of the amount of carbon cioxide thats produced by the dally ‘actvtes ofa person or company: Companies are lacking at ways to reduce thelr carbon footprint. Read the article again and choose the correct answers. 1 Why did Daniel Webb collect rubbish fora year? a toshow us how much food we eat bb toshow us how much packaging we can recycle € toshow us how much we consume and throw away 2 Whyis food packaging problem? a Because a lot ofitcan't be recycled bb Because there aren't enough rubbish dumps. € Because people don't recycleit 3 Which of the following creates more food waste? people who buy too much food b supermarkets that sell too many products € people who don't have much free time 4. Why are fruit and vegetables better for the environment than meat? a Because they are cheaper to transport. 8 Because they can be grown locally € Because they need less waterto produce. 5 What do food miles’ refer to? a the cost of transporting our food b the energy we use when we transport our food ¢ how fast we can transport our food 6 Accordingto the writer, what do we need to do? make small responsible choices b change unhealthy eating habits € reduce the world’s population Work in groups. The article says we make food choices that save us time and make our lives easier. Which of these things influence your food choices and why? availability m eating habits a health impact on animals si impact on the environment price Imagine keeping all your plastic rubbish for a year, and then making it into a piece of art. This is what artist Daniel Webb did in Everyday Plastic. Everyday Plastics @ mural made from 4,490 items that he ‘collected from his personal rubbish for 12 months. Daniel was surprised by the amount of rubbish he produced, and the fact that most of it came from food packaging such as salad wrappers and bread bags. The mural is a shocking and thought-provoking snapshot of his life, but perhaps the most alarming thing is that 93% of is plastic was single-use and only eight items were biodegradable! ‘The environmental cost of food packaging is massive, In the UK, over 50% of household food comes in a package, Most of this packaging is plastic and is usually low-quality and single-use. As a result, recycling centres can’t use it and it ends up in rubbish dumps. According to one study, we have only recycled about 9% of all the plastic we have ever produced. Yet we continue to throw away millions of tonnes of plastic every year. Packaging is one of many challenges facing the food Industry. Food waste is another. Over 66 tonnes (of food is wasted every second globally ~ that's 2.1 billion tonnes a year. In countries like the UK, supermarkets regularty throw aay 20-40% of the food they have on display. Sounds impossible? Just think about your local supermarket ~ on average, It will have 40,000 items to choose from. Thats a lot of choice ~ it makes life easier and saves you time, but it also results in an incredible amount of waste.And then there is the amount of energy it takes to produce our food. Some foods are more environmentally-friendly than others. Meat and cheese, for example, have a bigger carbon footprint: than most fruit and vegetables. In the USA, cows create the same amount of greenhouse gases as 20 milion cars. We also need around 15,000 litres of water to produce one kilo of beef. Compare that with 4 the 800 litres of water needed for a kilo of apples. Food miles, or where we @f@W our food and the energy we use to transport it, are another problem. ‘few hundred years ago, we couldn't refrigerate our food, so most of it came from local places. Today, our «food comes from all over the world, which creates pollution and causes global warming. From food miles to food waste, from production to packaging, we need to change our habits and reduce the carbon footprint of the food we eat. 1» The world’s population will soon be 8 billion and, in order to feed everyone, we need eco-friendly and energy-efficient solutions. However, it's difficult to change your whole lifestyle, but changing one thing can still have an impact. Before his Everyday Plastic 1s project, Daniel gave up buying plastic water bottles. He probably threw away 300 a year, so that was 300 pieces of plastic less in his mural. If we all did that — just gave up one thing — it would help reduce the environmental cost of the food we eat. ‘Study the highlighted verbs in the article. Then complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs. Ss FOOD) FOOTPR 1 Companies nave food inmetaltns since 0, 2 Wecant plastic or paperiithas food ont. 3. Apps for shops with waste food to sell can reduce the amount: of food we 4 ASD printing machine can. ‘and cleaniy then achet. 5 Companies food thousands of miles, which inereasesits carbon footprint. 8 Supermarkets in the UK. food to keep it fresh. vary year, this creates the same amount of pollution as 2.5 milion fights from London to New York. 7. Drones can help farmers. food more quickly crops more efficiently. 8 Itegoodto insects - they are 50% more energy-efficient than meat a Match the words in Ato the words in B to make compound nouns and adjectives. Then match the compound words to definitions 1-7. Which two words are adjectives? ‘Aw eco- m energy- m food m greenhouse m global ecycling = rubbish Bm centre = dump a efficient m friendly m gases a miles s warming we leave things that we can't recycle in this place | not harmful to the environment the rise in the temperature of the world’s atmosphere we take old objects and materials to this place so they can beused again the distance food travels to get to our homes not usinga lot of power {gases like carbon dioxide that harm the environment, Bone Work in groups. Which of the food choices below do you think are good or bad for the environment? Use the questions to help you. f= bananas m burgers = chocolate = nuts = pizzas strawberries Where isthe food from? How do companies produce it? How sit transported? a What packaging does itnieed? > >Grammar and reading Determiners 1 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Discuss the questions. 1. How important is ito eat three meals a day? 2. Canyou eat lot of junk food and still be healthy? 2 Read the article and answer the questions. Why doesn’t Wil eat any breakfast most days? 2 Why didn't Will have much lunch today? 3 What does Jess usually have for breakfast? 4 Why does Jess eat rice or potatoes with her lunch? 5 6 ‘Why does Jordan go out for burger and fries at lunchtime? Wihy do Jordan's parents give him money to buy a takeaway? TRETLCTUCLLLA| tetera trang te eve ysl LIS SS ‘TH trainee chef Jess, 18, 800m runner Jordan, 16, student 1 became a vegan when I was 15. train almost every day. For breakfast, usually | Love food and im always hungy.| have 1 dort eat any meat fish, eggs or dairy have some porridge with soya milk and fruit,and some cereal and toast before school. then at products. |start workearlyso 'dont’ afew [Link].| have a smoothie~ lunchtime, go out fora burger and some fies. have much time in the morning. Most thats a drink made with fut vegetables and Afew of my fiends eat inthe school canteen, days,| don't eat any breakfast or | ust Juice. For Lunch, | usually have chicken or salmon but the food is rubbish! don't know many kids have some orange juice. dort drink with some eggs and alot of vegetables. need who like it. After school. | might buy a few cakes tea or [Link] | drinkalotof water. alot of energy, so I also have carbohydrates ‘or chocolate bars on the way home. My parents Fora snack, eat crisps orafew bisculs. lke rice or potatoes - I prefer them to bread or workin the evenings so they dont have much ‘At lunehtime,| often have asalac,but pasta. Dinner is similar to lunch, |have a sweet time to cook. They usually give me money for a today wasn’ [Link] | just ate some tooth, but try not to eat much sugar. Fora snack, — takeaway ~ a pizza ora kebab are my favourites bread witha litle peanut [Link] | usually have some yoghurt or [Link] might | knows bad, but | don’ eat any vegetables, «inner.| have some pasta or [Link] _—_—ihave alittle chocolate as 2 treat.| don't have except salad. And I don't eat much fut, except alot of vegetables. don'tknow many many free days, but at weekends | lke to cook for bananas. But | do a lot of sports Like football people vio are vegan, my family. and basketball, so think Im quite healthy. 3 REACT Which person do you think has the best diet? Why? Discuss in groups. eran 4 Study the highlighted words in the article, Which are countable nouns and which are uncountable nouns? Can you find any other examples in the text? 5 Study the words in bold in the art le. Complete the table with a few, alittle, any, many, much and some. Affirmative sentences Negativesentences Questions with alotof alotof alotof countable i y nouns Se Se with aletof alotof uncountable rt ™ nouns are eeet ‘Further reference and practice ) Workbook ) page 88LEARNING Use determiners to talk about quantity Askand answer questions oasecrives. ‘with countable and uncountable nouns about quantity using determiners 6 Complete the dialogue between Will and his friend with some or any. Dean Wil lunch is ready. Do you want*___ pasta? Will No, thanks. Not ifthere's tuna inthe sauce. Dean Sorry, | forgot you're a vegan. OK, there's*___salad in the fridge. Great. lke salad, sthere* _juice? Dean No, thereisn't* juice, butthere’s cola Will think I'l have ® ‘water instead, Dean You car't ust have salad and water for lunch. |betyou didn't have____breakast. Will Youre right, Ididr't. Haveyou got* bread? T Read ahealth expert’s opinion about the people in the article and choose the correct words. Will doesn't eat ‘much / many different kinds of food. Most of what he eats is good for hhim, but he needs to eat more protein. Also, he eats sacks with 2a lot of / a few fat and sugar. That's bad for his heart. Jess's dict is fine for her. She eats big meals because she needs *a lot of / much energy. She docsn’t cat ‘many / much bread or pasta, but she gets enough carbohydrates from rice and potatoes. Jordan eats °a lot of / a few unhealthy food. He doesn’t eat ‘much / many fruit, and he doesn’t have ’some / any vegetables. This isn't good for his immune system. He really needs to change his diet. A healthy diet should include ®a little / a few fruit, °a little / a few vegetables, "some / any meat, fish or other protein-tich food, and carbohydrates like rice, pasta and potatoes. 8 4311 Listen to aradio programme about teenage diets and choose Yes or No. enagers in the UK: nagers in the UK vers sometimes eat a lot of junk food. often miss meals are too lezy to eat well. often eat with their families wroene eat some fruit and vegetables 9 493.1 Make questions with how much or how many. Then listen again and answer the questions. junk food / some British teenagers eat? : sugar and fat / they have in their diet? rmeals / some teenagers miss? timesa week / they go outwith friends? homework teenagers have? timesa week / they eat with their family? fruit /they have every week? Sounwna 10 TASK Doaclass survey to find out how healthy your diets are. Follow these steps. 11 Make alist of the food you usually eat for breakfast, lunch and dinner. 2 Interview your classmates to find out about their diet. Ask questions like: What do you usualy have for breakfost/ lunch /dianer? ‘Are there any vegetables on your ist? How much fruit do you eat? Do you drink much milk? Do you eat a lat of snacks? tec‘1 WHAT DO YOU THINK? Discuss the questions. 1. Doyou ever use vending machines? If so, what do you buy? 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of vending machines selling food and snacks? Bi a ieee When you listen to people speaking in English, try to listen for key words and phrases, Key words are often nouns and verbs. They are usually stressed in spoken English. 2 )3.2 Read the strategy. Listen to four people talking about vending machines. Match the key ‘words and phrases below to speakers A-D. w airport w apples m December w forgot a healthy food = Japan m junkfood 1 mobile phone charger m postcard m refrigerate m school m snack A Jake B Mia C Hannah D Dexter 3 43.2 Match sentences 1-6 to speakers A-D in exercise 2. Use the key words to help you. ‘There is one sentence that you do not need. Then listen again and check. 1 He/She went on holiday last yearn January. 2. He/She says that you can buy clothes from a few machines, 3 He/She bought electrical equipment froma machine, ‘4 He/She says that some machines sell food that's good for you. 5 The country he / she visited has a lot of unusual machines. 6 He/She often buys unhealthy food from vending machines. 4 REACT Did anything the speakers said about vending machines surprise you? Is there anything. vending machines should not be allowed to sell? FEEEIIGGMA. Indefinite pronouns and adverbs: some-, any-, no-, every: rire nd 5 4)3.3 Complete the sentences from a podcast with words from the table. Which words do we use totalk about a) places, | 7 one / body b) people, c) things? Listen and check. oe + thing 1 Intoday’s podcast, we're talking about ____thing ae here that ‘one uses at one time or another 2 Today, you can find them ________where ~ at train stations, in schools, shopping centres and sports clubs. 3 ____one buys the apples. “one prefers chocolate or crisps. 4 \sthere____thing we can’t buy from them? ‘© Further reference and practice ) Workbook) page 88 Choose the correct words. 1 Everyone / Anyone ordered pizza and no one wanted salad, There's nothing / anything in the fridge. Who ate all the food? Let's geta coffee. There must bea café around here anywhere / somewhere, Doyou want nothing / anything to drink with your food? Can anyone / no one help me with my maths homework? ‘You can find good coffee nowhere / everywhere you go. No one / Anyone likes the food in the school canteen. Someone / Anyone called me, but they didn't leave a message. ‘7 TASK Workin groups. Your school is planning to install a vending machine. The headteacher wants to know what students think about this. Discuss the points below. Then present your ideas to the class. | = what the machine should and should not sell w= when students can use the machine ‘= whereto locate the machine EGLEARNING Understand and recognize Useindefnite pronouns and adverbsto ff Make and respond OBJECTIVES key wordsina radio programme talk about people, things and places ‘toinvitations. eto ERSEEIEMA. inviting and responding 8 What do you usually do at weekends? What are you doing this weekend? 9 4)3.4 Listen to a dialogue and answer the questions. 1 What does Harry invite Anna to do: a now? b thisweekend? © next week? 2. Does Anna accept or refuse the invitations? 10 43.4 Complete the sentences from the dialogue. Then listen again and check. Inviting Doyou" 2 2 like to come with me? 9______ going to the cinema next week? ‘Accepting That's a good! 4 thanks, Refusing Thanks, but!'m®, 11 493.5 Complete the dialogue with questions a-e. Then listen and check. a Where's that? b What time are you meeting? Why are you in such a hurry? 4 What about 2.00 p.m, then, in the square? @ Area lot of peopie going? Mark Hi, Zara." as Zara. I'm going home. ve got a school project to do. Mark But that's for nextweek, right? Zara. Yes, itis, But there's fair in town at the weekend. Mark Really?*___ Zara. It'sin the main square, on Market Street. Mark ® Zara. Yes, everyone | know. Mark Well, no onetold me aboutit Zara Why don't you come with us on Saturday? Mark ‘Thanks, like that. Zara_At1200 pm, outside Mario's café Mark Sorry, | can't make it at 12.00. 'm playing football (gaya oe Mark Great see you there! 12. Read the dialogue again. Underline one more way of inviting and two more ways of responding. CRC y We can keep a conversation going by A {hope they have something without meat init. listening to what the other person says,and Bm sure they do .. So, you're a vegetarian, right? asking questions about that rather than A Yes, | don't eat meat or fish. ‘changing the topic. [3 In what situations might you need to keep a conversation going? 14 TASK Work in pairs. Choose one of these situations or use your own ideas. Take turns to invite your partner. Use the dialogue in exercise 1! to help you. 1 You're going to a new fast food restaurant after school. 2 You're going to a rock concert on Saturday and you have a spare ticket. ey 3 You'rehaving a few friends over to play video games on Friday MLE 4 You're going to the beach with friends on Sunday. TsGo ear keeeie eee || WHAT DO YOU THINK? Discuss the questions, 11 What things do you think about when choosing wht to eat? Think about price, availability, taste, etc. 2. Isitimportantto consider how healthy and nutritious food is? Why / why not? 2 Read the extract from a book called Notes from a Big Country. What type of food does the writer like? What food does his wife like? 3 Read the extract again. Are the sentences true (T), false (F) or not given (NG)? Correct the false sentences. 1 Thewriter always goes to the supermarket with his wife His wife approves of his ‘American’ diet. 3 There is more junk food than healthy food inthe store. 4 The writer has a good relationship with his wife. 5 Breakfast pizza remainsin the trolley. 6 7 8 ‘The writer agrees to eat all the junk food in the trolley. His wife ate some of the junk food. Thewriter thought the junk food was disgusting. 4 Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1. The writer says thatthe supermarket sells alot of. junk food. s junk food popular in your country? ‘hy do you think people buy it? 2. Canyou think of an example of junk food, tke Cookie Crisp, that says itis healthy? 3. How do companies market junk food to make it seem more appealing and healthy? BETA containers 5 Look at photos A-H and match them to containers 1- Then find three containers in the text. What's inside them? 1 packet. 3 carton 5 tube 7 bottle 2 jar 4 box 6 can 8 bag ® GUISE Reading, vocabulary and grammar Junk food heaven ‘Some weeks ago, announced tomy wife that | was going tothe supermarket wth her next time she went because the stuff she kept bringing home was not fully in the spiritof American eating. Here we were lvingin a paradise of junk food the country that gave the world ‘cheese ina spray can~and she kept bringing home healthy stuf ike fresh broccoli. Itwas because she was English, ofcourse. She didrt really understand the possibilities for greasiness thatthe American diet offers. longed for bacon bit, cheese ina shade of yellow unknown to nature, and chocolate fillings, sometimes all in the same product. So accompanied her to the supermarket and while she was off pricing mushrooms, made for the junk food. section—which was the rest of the store. Well, it was [Link] were two hundred types of breakfast cereal. The most immediately interesting was acereal called Cookie Crisp, which tried to pretend itwas a rutritious breakfast but was realy just chocolate chip cookies that you put in bow! and ate with milk. Brilliant I grabbed! a box and rushed* back tothe trolley. ‘What's that? my wife asked inthe special tone of voice with which she often addresses me in retail establishments". ‘Breakfast | panted as rushed past, ‘and don't even think about putting any ofitback and getting muesiItwas the breakfast pizza that finally made my wife snap*. She looked at the boxand sad, No: “Ibegyour pardon, my sweet? “Youare not bringing home something called breakfast pizza. lwillletyouhave’~ she reached into the trolley for some samples ~‘Cookie Crisp and toaster strudel and. She lifted outa packet she hadnt noticed before. “What's this?LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the main points ofa book extract se container words to talk about quantities Use relative pronouns and adverbs to give more information (EERIE. Felative pronouns and adverbs 7 Read the information about Bill Bryson and study the highlighted words. Find more examples in the extract from Notes from a Big Country. Bill Bryson is a famous writer who grew up in America He visited England in 1973,then moved there a few years later aftr he got maried. its the place where he wrote Noes frm 2 Smal lan, book about life in Englan.n 1995, the year when he retumed tothe USA. he wrote ‘Notes from a Big County Tis entra is abouta wis to an American supermarket Bill goes shopping with his wif, whose opinions about food are very ferent from [Link] the supermarket, ther isa Lt of junkfood which you can ony find in America. food that Bll Bryson Ukes emenn a 8 Complete rules a-e, Use the textin exercise 7to help you. Relative pronouns and adverbs introduce more information about a person, thing, place or time. Hooked over her shoulder. ‘Microwave pancakes’ I said. rowave pancakes’ she repeated, but with less We use enthusiasm. a or that for people. ‘snttscience wonderful” . aeeren ag for things. “You're going to eat itll; she said, ‘Every bit of everything. a Torcleres, thatyou dont putbackon the shelves now. You do . fpreiaces understand that?” ‘Of course’ said in my sincerest voice, And do you know she actually mademe eatit. spent ‘weeks working my vay through a symphony of unk food, and it was awful. Every bit fit. Extract from Notes fiom a Big Country, by Bill Bryson We can leave out who, that and which if they are followed by another pronoun ora noun, We can'tleave out who, that and which if they are followed by 2 verb, ‘2 Further reference and practice ) Workbook } page 89 9 Complete the sentences with the correct word. ‘Sometimes more than one answer is possible. In which, sentences can you leave out the relative pronoun? hsary ‘abbed took aukly 1 Bill Bryson is someone enjoys + nshed=valed /ancuy telling funny stories. | retallestablishenents = shops. 2 He'’sthe man trolley is full of junk «sages beret ou es food 3 Cookie Crspisa cereal you can buy in America. 4. The 1920s was the decade Americans fist ate junk food 6 Complete the table with the words in exercise 5, 5 New orkisthe place you cen find Then use your own ideas to add more items to the the world's first supermarket list, Think of containers in your own house, Whats 6 isthe number of hot dogs the Inside them? average American eats each year 7 Here are the hot dogs. are for lunch, chocolates, tissues 10 TASK Workin pairs. Make sentences using the words % eggs, milk in the table and your own ideas. Can your partner 3 honey, coffee guess who / what / where it is? “ op Naeevinecer aperson which __| know very well. 5 toothpaste, cream aplace where | gowith my friends. Thisis 27k whose . | really enjoy. : ces atime/day when —_|can'tstand. nuts, biscuits athing —that_—_—luseall thetime, S eres afood who _isreally good at sport. ‘DVocabulary extra) Food adjectives ) page 43Writing Short texts 208 Anaya pay SstTpm hna/shoue Smee | Fone | ° a: ® events near you es bate ites urate} Pura tyes Ceca ed new friends. Caan Today, 3.30 p.m. ocean band (ee 11 Workin pairs. Look at pictures 1-4 and answer the questions. 1 What kind of information or messages do you find in these places? 2. Have you written a message for any of these places? 2 Read the model texts (A-D) on page 41. Match them to pictures 1-4 in exercise 1. Erne ea Before you write a note, an invitation, an advert or an announcement, think about why you are writing and what you need to include. Do you want to: 1 remind, invite, thank or apologize to someone? m advertise, announce or suggest something? t= _make a request or an offer, give instructions or ask for help? ‘Make sure the purpose is clear. 3 Read the strategy. Then read the model texts again. What is the main purpose of each text? Cn eran ene 4 An abbreviation is a short form of a word or phrase. Study the highlighted abbreviations in the model texts and match them to words and phrases 1-9. 1 street 4 andsoon 7 telephone number 2 please reply 5 bytheway 8 forexample 3 assoonas possible 6 foryourinformation 9 especially 5 Compare model text D with the version below. Which words have been left out in the model text? What kind of words are they? + Let’s party! ba It’s Kiera's birthday on Friday. Holly is planning a surprise party. Do you want to come? We need to know numbers as soon as possible. The party is at Gusto Pizza, Baker St., at 7.50 p.m. For your information, I'll be there from 7.00. 'm helping with the decorations, lights, etc. RSVP to Holly if you can make it 4 Underline more examples of ellipsis in model texts A-C. 7 Rewrite the sentences using abbreviations and ellipsi 1 'msorry | didn't come to the party I wasill.| hed a headache, a fever and soon, 2 It's the end of exams on Friday. We're meeting at the Big Burger in George Street at7.00 p.m. to celebrate. Do you want to join us? Please let me know as soon as possible, My telephone number is 07660 988704 3. Weare holding bake sale toraise money for a local children’s charity, Please bring your baked goods - for example, cakes, biscuts, and so on ~ tothe library con the third floor at 12.00 on Friday. 4 Just wanted to thank you forthe book. Itwas.a lovely present and a complete surprise, especially as | forgot your birthday. | also want to say good luck for your exams.LEARNING ‘OBJECTIVES Write notes that ‘ive clear information Ed, Don't forget your lonch box. Onthird shelf, above cheese, butte, et: Working ate tonight, so can't cook dinner. Pizza in fridge and some fruit, € bananas and apples. ‘See you later. Do your homework! Dau x Evie ‘Just wanted to say thanks for flowers! Lovely surprise to fing them on. doorstep - relly beautiful, esp. yellow roses, Liy 20 BTW, have a great weekend in London! (irate Identify the purpose of ‘text before wring * May * Lets party! Use abbreviations and ellipsis in short texts on S * ‘We are holding a second-hand book sale on Fri. 7 March to celebrate ‘World Book Day and raise money {or the BookAd charity Location: School Hall Time: 11.00 a.m. 3.00 p.m, For more info, contact Becca Jones. ‘ol: 08770 989013 ‘Kier's birthday on Friday. Holly planning surprise party. Want to come? teed to know numbers arty at Gusto Piza, Baker St, 7.50. {1 be there from 7 helping with decorations, lights, ete RSVP if you can make it * Ellipsis Ellipsis means we include key words, but we can leave out some words ft doesn't affect the ‘meaning of the sentence. These include: 1 articles (a/an and the) '§ pronouns (you, he, she, we, they, it) 15 ausiliary verbs (eg be, do) atthe beginning of sentences or questions 12 some prepositions (eg. ot, in, to) 1 Youare planning to spend the weekend camping with some friends. Write a message to another friend asking if they would like to join you. a Say where you are going and give the time and place to meet. b Askthem to tell you if they can come or not as soon as possible. ¢ Tell them they will need a raincoat and a tent: this is important information, IEPLAN Read the tasks and check you understand them. Think about the purpose of each text. Why are you writing it? What do you want the person reading to think or do? Think about language. What are the key words you need to include? What abbreviations can you use? Where can you use ellipsis? IEWRITE Write a first draft of each text, Use the model texts and your ideas from the Plan stage above, Use short sentences, ellipsis and abbreviations where youcan. 2. You spent aweek staying with an English friend and thelr family in London, Today is the last day of your visit and you have to get up very early to catch your plane, Write a note to your friend’s parents, Say you are sorry not to say goodbye in person. b Thank them for the food and the accommodation, ¢ Say youenjayed your visit, especially the trip to London, and you hope they will visit you soon. IE REVIEW Check your texts. Use the checklist to help, you. fs Isthe purpose of each text clear? '= Have you included the information asked for in the task? fs Have you used short sentences, ellipsis and abbreviations? ‘= Have you checked your peling, grammar and punctuation?1 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs below. wr eat m grow m package = produce = recycle ws refrigerate m throwaway = transport Bananas Bananas ‘_____in tropical countries, on hhuge farms called plantations. One of the countries that?__the most bananas is Costa Rica. Farmers plek the bananas when they are green. They the fruit to keep it fresh. Then they eae eT different countries by boat, The >ananas are kept in special cupboards until they are the right colour. Then workers *__ them. in plastic and take them to the shops. People buy the ‘bananas and take them home to Most countries don't” plastic, so people have to® ___ the packaging when, they finish the bananas. The plastic packaging means that bananas sometimes have a large carbon footprint. Marks —_/8 2. Complete the compound words in the sentences. 1. The temperature on Earth is ising because of global 2. Ifyou cant recycle something, take to the _ dump, 3 Take old newspapers, used cans and bottles to the a centre 4 ggses, like carbon dioxide, are bad for the environment. $ Buyan energy-—___ power and money. 6 Eco-_____ shopping bags dor't pollute the ‘environment, refrigerator to save Marks —/6 3 Match the words in Ato the words in B to make things you can buy. Then complete the sentences. Bm Discults m chocolates w eggs m Jam m potatoes = toothpaste 1. Iwantto make chips, so need a__. 2 Theresa in the fridge, ifyou want something on your toast. 3 My brother never puts the lid on the —____after he cleans his teeth. 4 Our guests gaveusa_________tosay ‘thank you! 5 Shallwe havea with our cup oftea? 6 Tony boughta make omelettes for lunch, so that he could Marks _/6 4 Read the text and choose the correct words. All foods are divided into groups. How 'some / much /many groups are there? Wel, there are five. The most important Js frut and vegetables. They contain “alot of / any / much ‘vitamins, g0 you need to eat many /much / lot of fruit and vegetables tobe healthy. The next group is carbohydrates, ke bread, asta and rice. You should have any / some / afew food from this group with every meal Protein is next, which is n meat, fish and eggs. Proteln is. 00d for you, but you shouldnt eat Samy / some / many eggs per week ~ no more than five. You shouldn't have Smuch / little / any ved meat either ~ no more than twice a week, After that comes mlk and dairy foods. How Talot of / much / many cheese can you eat? Well, cheese contains fat, so you should only eat alittle / much / some every day. The final group is fats and sugars. Food inthis group doesrit contain ?some / afew / any vitamins or protein, s0 you shouldn't have it often. Only ea it on special occasions, when you ean have "any (litte afew biscuts ‘ora piece of cake fora change. Marks _/10 5 Complete the sentences with indefinite pronouns or adverbs with some-, any-, no- or every-. 1 ___taught me to cook. ! learned on my own, 2 Has______seen the knife? | can’t find it. 3 Let’seat. different tonight. 4 Are you enjoying the meal? s. all right? 5 inthe world, 6 in You can eat pizza nearly 'We need to go shopping, There's the fridge. 7 wasn't hungry this morning, so didn’t eat 8 ______loveshome-made cakes. They'e delicious Marks —_/8 6 Complete the sentences with who, which, where, when or whose. 1 SirWalter Raleigh was an Englishman —____ brought the first potatoes from America to England, 2. Camembert isa place in France they make delicious cheese 3 Brazilisa country in South America produces alot of coffee. 4 Doyou remember the day. we first met? 5 Buf isa town in Spain ___a tomato fight festival takes place. 6 Queen Margherita was an Italian monarch ___ favourite food was pizza. 7. Jamie Oliveris a British chef school meals in the UK healthier. tried to make Marks [7 [rotaeeu ae 11 Match the words below to d jons 1-10. additive nutrient calorie m carbohydrates w fat s minerals protein m salt m sugar m vita 1 aunitof energy contained in food 2 any substance that the body takes out of food to use 3. asubstance that adds colour or flavour to food 4 asubstance that isvery sweet 5 substances lke calcium, iron and magnesium 6 substances found in pasta and bread that give the body energy 7 asubstance found in meat, fish and eggs thatis important for helping people to grow and be healthy 8 substance found in oll and butter 9 substances found infruitand vegetables thet help the body fight infection 10 amineral used to make food taste better 2 Whatiis the most important nutrient in these foods? Label the pictures with four of the words in exercise 1. 3 Read the nutritional information about eggs and choose the correct words. ‘A medium egg contains about 80 'calories / salt, which means that it isn't very fattening, Eggs contain 13, grams of fat / protein. This ‘nutrient / additive is also found in meat and fish. Eggs have a lot of important ‘sugar / vitamins, including B12 and D, and they also contain a lot of Sminerals / calories, like calcium, iron and magnesium. We don't get much energy from eggs because they contain very few ‘salt / carbohydrates, Although eggs contain 9.5 grams of fat / nutrient, doctors often recommend them to people who want to lose weight. Eggs aren't sweet because they have no ‘minerals / sugar. Although they contain "vitamins / salt, people often add more to make them taste better. The best thing about e995 is that they don’t usually contain *carbohydrates / additives that modify their colour or flavour. eee eaued 1 Choose the correct words. 1 Healthy food is good / bad for you. Everyone / No one enjoys a delicious meal Raw vegetables are usually hard / soft. You can keep frozen meat for long / short time. Spicy food has little / alot of flavour. Organic food is very natural / artificial The best / worst apples are sweet It’s easy / difficult io eat 2 tough steak 2. Rewrite the sentences in exercise 1 with the words below so that they have the opposite meaning. m cooked m disgusting a fresh m plain m processed ws sour m tender a unhealthy foryou, 1 _foodis. 2 ____enjoysa____meal 3 vegetables are usually. 4 Youcan keep meat fora time. 5 food has___ flavour. 6 foodis very 7 The____applesare. 8 It's toeate steak 3 Complete the sentences with adjectives from exercises Yand2. Most salads contain 2 Indian food is verys 3 Add some suger ifthe fruitisn'ts _____enougb. 4 That fish ist itwas caught this morning, 5 Pizzasare u if you eat too many of them. 6 7 vegetables. Mysteakwassot______that| couldn't eat it We buyo. food because itcontainsno additives 8 Ourmeal was - Wewor't go back o that restaurant 9 Ifyou put too much vinegar in the salad, itwill taste jee 10 Wow! This omelette fs d__1Try it!Rt) les acs | WHAT DO YOU THINK? Discuss the questions. 1. How many examples of healthy choices can you think of? 2 What motivates people to make healthy choices? 3. What stops people making healthy choices? Think H.E.A.L.T.H.V! Alotof our behaviour is automatic we doit “TPs Replace a bed habit with ‘without thinking. Same habits are good for Bhealther one. For example, i us, but nt allof them. Changing our habits {you eat sugary food when you're isn'teasy, butwe can do itif we repeat the tied, plan tohave a healthier new actions ots of times and use some snack or go fora walkinstead. effective strategies. Make 3 connection in your mind between TIP: Use the power of your healthy behaviour and feeling good. Find Imagination. Tink about how physical activites thatyou enjoy and healthy sgreat you fel when you listen to Snacks that you want to eat. Instead of thinking Your favourite musicin the gym, about what you're giving up, focus on the Wake up ater nine hours’ sleep benefits. That way, ou'l stay motivate. ‘oreata delicous frit salad ‘The way we feel can affectthe way we behave- TB: Keepadlary. tsa good andvice versa, Perhaps you eat junkfood when way to discover how your ‘you're upset, get stressed or after too litle feelings and behaviour are sleep, Learn to recognize the causes andeffects elated, of your feelings. Then you can plan how to deal with them. ‘The body and mind are fascinating and you TIP: Do you often stay up late can ind lots of great books, websites and ‘and feel tired the next day’ Find documentaries to help you learn more about ‘out why sleep is important. how they work. More knowledge doesn’t Maybe Ill metivate you to goto alway result in healthier behaviour, butt bed earlier, helps. eel Te cy Trying tobe 100% healthy allthe time isn’t “TP: Treats shouldbe special, realistic ts very dificult olive that way for sc havathemitn srislle rnold Long. Aim for balance. t's fine to eat chocolate andnotico chan Tha yey, cake sometimes. ust be careful that treats you'll enjoy them more. don’t become habits! We ll need tolook afterourmental wellbeing, Typ: Before you go to sleep at not only our physical health Small changes to. nigh, think of ive good things ‘our daly routine can helpus feel more positive that happened during the day and deal with stress tike taking breaks talking Being grateful can help us fee! to friends and family and just spending time more positve, even when tines. doing nothing ae difficult. When friends make diferent choices, we often TIP: Practise saying noto tings feel under pressure too the same ting. youdon'twant to do Itisnt Try not to copy or compare yourself to other aways easy, soitean behelpful | people, Focus on how you want to lve plan what to sey Bac xeeliesLook quickly at the title of the poster on page 44 and the subheadings. What ideas and tips do you thinkit will include? Read the poster and check your answers. Read the poster again and complete the sentences. 1 Tochange ahabit, you need to 2 Instead of thinking about what you're giving up, you should 3. Keepinga diary can help youto 4 You can learn about the body and mind from 5 Youlllenjoy treats more if you 6 Focusingon the things you're grateful foris @ good wi to 7 ts important to make your own choices about your health and not to Work in pairs. Choose three of the questions and discuss your answers. 1 What healthy and unhealthy habits do you have? Are there any habits that you'd ike to change? How can you dothis? 2 What healthy activities do you enjoy? Are there any new activities that you'd like to try? 3 What kinds of feelings cause you to make unhealthy choices? What can you do instead to make yourself feel better? 4 Whatare some of your favourite treats? Are they healthy? How often do you think you should have thern? 5 What are some good waysto look after your mental health and wellbeing? 6 How do other people affect the choices you make about your health? Are they positive or negative influences? Read the checklist. Then think of something you want to start doing to improve your health and answer the questions. Pelt eh aed With careful thought and planning, we can change our behaviour and make healthier choices, Here are same questions to help you: 18 What do you wantto do? do you want to do it? ‘can you make itfun and enjoyable? = Where, when and how often will you do it? = Who can help and encourage you? iE ‘Study the highlighted words in the poster and match them to the definitions. health and happiness the way that we actin a situation things that we do often and almost without thinking plans that we use to help us achieve specific goals, something special and enjoyable that we give ourselves orother people 6 pressure or worry caused by problemsin ourlife [EADIE Work in groups. Choose an area of healthy living and prepare an information poster for students, in your school. Choose one of the ideas below or your ‘own idea. Use the words in exercise 7 to help you. a dealing with stress m exercising regularly = sleeping well m staying safein the sun Include: information abouthow this behaviour affects the body and /or mind. tips and strategies to help people include this behaviour intheirdeily ives. EEELite ina Discuss the questions. 1 Whatthingsin modern homes make our lives easier and mor who ig V pair | 2. Read the definition. what problems might there be livingina slum? SET ba it Pintt slum stam) noun an urban area where people live, that is overcrowded and poor ty Before you read text, look atthe tits, pictures, layout and headings They can tll you where the tents from and what itis about. Read the strategy and choose the best answers. Then read the article and check your ideas. 1. The text looks like itis a aleatte. b anacvertisement. ¢ a magazinearticle 2 Thetitle tells me that the text will probably be a mostly opinion. mostly fact € mostly fiction. 3 The photos tell me thatthe text is about a modemiife. b lifeinthepast. _€ ‘bothaandb. Read the article again and match descriptions 1-6 to paragraphs A-E, There is one description that you do not need. 1. what the Howarths learned about poverty a morning routine in the slum how life in the 19° century was different from life today the slum’s location and the modern things families couldn't use how the family elt when they left what the slum house tells us about how people live today Work in pairs and discuss the questions. 1 Why do you think people agreed to the take partin the experiment? What did they learn? 2 Would you like to take partin an experiment lke this? Why /why not? Study the adjectives in the table, Underline the adverbs in the article and complete the table. Then complete the spelling rules below. Adjective Adverb (unfortunate = t__ (unlucky 2 quick easy Z (un}surprising careful ‘ (unihappy Spelling rules To form adverbs from adjectives, we: a add b change y at the end of adjectives to__ and add_A. What it one morning you hed to light a fire to cook breakfast, collect water from a pump outside, then miss school because you had to help your parents earn money? This is what happened in Victorian Siam House, a TV reality show set in 19% century London, B In the show, a group of families experianced day-to-day ie in atypical fwostor@y tenement building*, with @ muddy courtyard, outhouses* and a water pump. Things they did easily before were now very dificult. There were no laboUrsaving devices, ke washing machines and fridges. Each family member had e filet job anc learned OIG fashioned trades, like tailoring and candle-making. The itle money they made paid for food and rent. © Mandy and Russell Howarth and their children moved out of their comfortable Semindetached house and lived inthe slum for three weeks. The family shared a small room with no electricity or running water. They had two buckets - one for washing plates and cups the other for washing their faces. Luckily, they also had a stove for cooking, although food was expensive to buy In oder to pay for their food and accommodation, the family made clothes all day. They worked quiekiy, but thay had to carry on at night, working by candlelight to make enough money. Their children had to work too and missed school. "We didn't have time for the nurturing and the love) says Mandy, ‘We had to get the work done’ But although it was hard, some things were better: We all actually spoke to each other! she ads, which you just don't do in fiddler lite? D Surprisingly, the Howarths weren't 28 poor as other families. They learned that although people worked long hours, it was hard to escane poverty Some families had to stay at the coss houset, and sleep in a coftin-shaped box or on a bench Like the Howerths, these families were often hungry. In Vietorian times, food cost two thirds of slum-dwvellers income. People were poor, 80 they spent their money carefully they bought bread by the slice and tea by the spoonful. Rents were high and every Monday ~ known as Black Monday ~ they had to either pay the landlord or leave and sleep on the street E Living in a Victorian slum was more dificult than the Howarths imagined, but happily, after three weeks, the family were able to go home However, for many people around the wor, slums are stil a reality ‘How many people have to live like this al their life” asks one child during the show. Victorian Slum House is an interesting exploration of the past, but unfortunately living in a slum is sill a way of lfe for many people todey. Glossary # tenement bullding = large building divided into apartments in apoorarea + outhouses = buldings outside, usually used as tolets # dasshouse=acheap place to stay for homeless people Adverbs can have different functions in a sentence. Study the adverbs you underlined in the article. Then answer the questions. 1 Which adverbs tell us how something is done? 2. Which adverbs give an opinion about the situation? ‘Complete the sentences with an adjective or adverb from exercise 5. 1. Everyday life in the slum wasn't Iewas hard work. 2 The children had to work _____to finish making the clothesin time, 3 OnBlack Monday, Mandy counted the rent money several times. 4 ____, one family couldn't pay theirrent, so they had to move out. 5 Mandy found life difficult, but____, she didn’t have to stay there forever, 6 Shesmiled_______ when shefinally leftthe slum and went home. 7 's_____ that some of the teenagers taking part inthe experiment didn’t miss their gadgets. a Complete the text with four of the highlighted words in the article. ‘Arockia lives in a |_____ slum in Mumbai, India. She lives in a small?____house in an area called Dharavi with her parents, her grandmother, her uncle and her cousins. Inside the house, there aren't many *_____ devices, although there is a ‘TV and a fridge. Arockla's father has a job and pays for her to go to college. When she graduates, she wants to become a teacher, but she won't leave Dharavi. Work in groups. Imagine you are going to take partin an experiment lke the onein the article, but you are allowed to take three labour-saving devices or gadgets with you. Agree on three things to take with you, ) homes) W