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Key Chemical Reactions for Class 10

The document summarizes several important chemical reactions from various chapters in Class 10 chemistry. Some key reactions mentioned include the combustion of carbon and its compounds producing carbon dioxide and water, photosynthesis using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen, and the formation of ozone in the upper atmosphere from oxygen splitting due to UV radiation. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases are also summarized, producing water and a salt.

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Manish Sain
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105K views9 pages

Key Chemical Reactions for Class 10

The document summarizes several important chemical reactions from various chapters in Class 10 chemistry. Some key reactions mentioned include the combustion of carbon and its compounds producing carbon dioxide and water, photosynthesis using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen, and the formation of ozone in the upper atmosphere from oxygen splitting due to UV radiation. Neutralization reactions between acids and bases are also summarized, producing water and a salt.

Uploaded by

Manish Sain
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations
  • Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts
  • Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals
  • Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds
  • Chapter 6: Life Processes
  • Chapter 15: Our Environment

Chapter-wise Important Chemical

Reactions for Class 10

Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations


• Mg + O2 → 2MgO

• Zn + H2SO4→ ZnSO4 + H2

• 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2

• CaO (s)                                 +             H2O (l) →             Ca (OH)2 (aq)

 (Quick lime)                                                                     (Slaked lime)

• C(s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g)


• 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l)

• CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)

• C6H12O6 (aq)    +          6O2 (aq)           →       6 CO2 (aq)       + 6 H2O (l)       + energy

  (Glucose)                     (Oxygen)        

• 2FeSO4(s)                    →        Fe2O3 (s)          +          SO2 (g)            +          SO3 (g)

  (Ferrous sulphate)                  (Ferric oxide)

• CaCO3(s)         +          Heat                 →        CaO (s)            +          CO2 (g)

 (Limestone)                                                     (Quick lime)

• 2Pb (NO3)2 (s)              +          Heat    →        2PbO(s)           +          4NO2 (g)          +
         O2 (g)

(Lead nitrate)                                                   (Lead oxide)               (Nitrogen dioxide)

Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts


• Reaction of acids and bases with metals:

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas

Example:

2 NaOH           +          Zn        →        Na2ZnO2          +          H2

                                                            (Sodium zincate)

• Reaction of base and acid to give salt (neutralisation reaction):


NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Other reactions:
• Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

• ZnO + C →Zn + CO

• MnO2 + HCl →MnCl 2 + 2H2O + Cl2

Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals


• Chemical properties of metals:

Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide

Example:

• 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO

• 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3

Aluminium oxide reacts in the following manner with acids and bases:

• Al2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O

• Al2O3 + 2 NaOH → 2 NaAlO2 + H2O

Sodium oxide and potassium oxide dissolve in water to produce alkalis:

• Na2O(s) + H2O (l) → 2 NaOH (aq)


• K2O(s) + H2O (l) → 2 KOH (aq)

Reactions of Metal with water

Metal + Water → Metal oxide + Hydrogen

Metal oxide + Water → Metal hydroxide

Example:

• 2K(s) + 2H2O (l) → 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat energy

• 2Na(s) + 2H2O (l) → 2 NaOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat energy

• Ca(s) + 2 H2O (l) → Ca (OH)2 (aq) + H2(g)

• 2 Al (s) + 3H2O (g) → Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g)

• 3 Fe (s) + 4H2O (g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2 (g)

Check formation of NaCl and its electron dot structure form NCERT Textbook.

Chemical reactions related to extraction of metal are also important for CBSE 10th
Science Board Exam 2019:
Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds
Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds

Combustion of carbon and its compounds:

(i) C + O2 → CO2 + heat and light

(ii) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + heat and light

(iii) CH3CH2OH + 2O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O + heat and light


Oxidation of carbon compounds:

Conversion of alcohol to carboxylic acid

Addition Reaction:

Hydrogenation of vegetable oils using a nickel catalyst:

Properties of Ethanol:

Reactions of Ethanol with sodium –

2Na + 2CH3CH2OH →                        2 CH3CH2O–Na+         +         H2

                                                (Sodium ethoxide)

Heating of ethanol:

Heating ethanol at 443 K with excess concentrated sulphuric acid results in the
dehydration of ethanol to give ethene –

Esterification reaction:

Esters (sweet-smelling substances used in making perfumes and as flavouring agents)


are most commonly formed by reaction of an acid and an alcohol. Ethanoic acid reacts
with absolute ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give an ester –

Saponification:

Esters react in the presence of an acid or a base to give back the alcohol and carboxylic
acid. This reaction is known as saponification because it is used in the preparation of
soap.

Chapter 6: Life Processes

Process of photosynthesis

Chapter 15: Our Environment


Formation of ozone:

Ozone at the higher levels of the atmosphere is a product of UV radiation acting on


oxygen (O2) molecule. The higher energy UV radiations split apart some moleculer
oxygen (O2) into free oxygen (O) atoms. These atoms then combine with the molecular
oxygen to form ozone as shown—

Chapter-wise Important Chemical Reactions for Class 10 Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions and Equations • Mg + O2 → 2MgO • Zn + H2
• 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l) • CH4 (g) + 2 O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g) • C6H12O6 (aq)    +          6O2 (aq)           →   
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Other reactions:
• Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (aq) • ZnO + C →Zn + CO • MnO2 + HCl →MnCl 2 + 2H2O + Cl2 Chapter 3: Metals an
• K2O(s) + H2O (l) → 2 KOH (aq) Reactions of Metal with water Metal + Water → Metal oxide + Hydrogen Metal oxide + Water → Me
Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds Combustion of carbon and its compounds: (i) C + O
Oxidation of carbon compounds: Conversion of alcohol to carboxylic acid Addition Reaction: Hydrogenation of vegetable oils us
with absolute ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to give an ester – Saponification: Esters react in the presence of

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