VSEPR Theory
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
Used to provide the shape and the
electronic geometry of
covalent compounds.
VSEPR Theory
Shape of a molecule
depends upon the
number of valence
shell electron pairs
around the central
atom.
VSEPR Theory
Valence shell is taken as
a sphere with the
electron pairs
localising on the
spherical surface.
VSEPR Theory
Electron pairs in the
valence shell repel
one another since they
are negatively
charged.
VSEPR Theory
Electron pairs occupy
positions in space that
tend to minimize
repulsion.
VSEPR Theory
A multiple bond is
treated as a single
bonding pair.
VSEPR Theory
Lone pair occupies
more space on the
sphere. So, the order of
repulsion is:
lp - lp > lp - bp > bp -
bp
(lp - Lone pair,
bp - Bonding pair)
Remember!
Both bond pairs and
For electronic geometry lone pairs are
considered.
Only bond pairs
For shape
are considered.
VSEPR
(A: Central atom, B: Side
General formula: AB2
atom)
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
2 2 0 Linear Linear
AB2
Bond Angle = 180o
Example: CO2, BeCl2
VSEPR
General formula: AB3
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Trigonal Trigonal
3 3 0
planar planar
AB3
Bond Angle = 120°
Example: BF3, SO3
VSEPR
General formula: AB2L (A: Central atom, B: Side atom, L: Lone pair)
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Trigonal Bent or
3 2 1
planar V shape
AB2L
Bond Angle < 120°
Example: SO2, SnCl2
VSEPR
General formula: AB4
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Tetrahedral
4 4 0 Tetrahedral
AB4
Bond Angle = 109.5°
Example: CH4, NH4+ , XeO4
VSEPR
General formula: AB3L
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
4 3 1 Tetrahedral Pyramidal
AB3L
Bond Angle < 109.5°
Example: NH3, XeO3, PCl3
VSEPR
General formula: AB2L2
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Tetrahedr Bent or
4 2 2
al V shape
AB2L2
Bond Angle < 109.5°
Example: H2O, OF2
VSEPR
General formula: AB5
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Trigonal Trigonal
5 5 0 Bipyramidal Bipyramid
(T.B.P.) al (T.B.P.)
AB5
Bond Angle = 90° , 120° , 180°
Example: PCl5, SOF4
VSEPR
General formula: AB4L
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Trigonal
5 4 1 See saw
Bipyramidal
AB4L
90o , 120° ,
Bond Angle < 180°
Example: SF4, XeO2F2
VSEPR
General formula: AB3L2
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Trigonal
5 3 2 T shape
Bipyramidal
AB3L2
Bond Angle < 90°, 180°
Example: ClF3
VSEPR
General formula: AB2L3
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Trigonal
5 2 3 Linear
Bipyramidal
AB2L3
Bond Angle = 180°
Example: XeF2 , I3-
VSEPR
General formula: AB6
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
6 6 0 Octahedral Octahedral
AB6
Bond Angle = 90°, 180°
Example: SF6
VSEPR
General formula: AB5L
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Square
6 5 1 Octahedral
pyramidal
AB5L
90°,
Bond Angle < 180°
Example: BrF5, XeOF4
VSEPR
General formula: AB4L2
Electron Bonding Lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Square
6 4 2 Octahedral
planar
AB4L2
Bond Angle = 90°, 180°
Example: XeF4
VSEPR
General formula: AB7
Electron Bonding lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Pentagonal Pentagonal
7 7 0
Bipyramidal Bipyramidal
AB7
Bond Angle = 72°, 144°, 90°, 180°
Example: IF7
VSEPR
General formula: AB6L
Electron Bonding lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Distorted
7 6 1 -
octahedral
AB6L
Example: XeF6
VSEPR
General formula: AB5L2
Electron Bonding lone Electronic
Shape
pairs pairs pairs Geometry
Pentagonal Pentagonal
7 5 2
Bipyramidal Planar
AB5L2
Bond Angle = 72°, 144°
Example: XeF5-
Using VSPER theory determine the shape of :
a) 𝐼𝑂2 𝐹2−
b) 𝐶𝑙𝑂3−
The species having pyramidal shape is:
a) 𝑆𝑂3
b) 𝐵𝑟𝐹3
c) 𝑆𝑖𝑂32−
d) 𝑂𝑆𝐹2
The molecule which has pyramidal shape is:
a) 𝑃𝐶𝑙3
b) 𝑆𝑂3
c) 𝐶𝑂32−
d) 𝑁𝑂3−
Which of the following has same geometry?
a) 𝐶𝐻4 and 𝑆𝐹4
b) 𝑁𝐻4+ and 𝑋𝑒𝐹4
c) 𝐶𝐻4 and 𝑁𝐻4+
d) 𝑆𝐹4 and 𝑋𝑒𝐹4+
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