LESSON 1 – SOCIAL INEQUALITIES UCSP Week 5 page 1

In the previous week you have

learned that society is composed of
people with different opportunities,
lifestyle and economic status which are
group into different levels and found in a
specific hierarchy in the society. This is
called stratification. And this week’s
discussion is focused on how
stratification created inequalities
between these people.

Picture Analysis

Directions: Identify which of the following photos shows INEQUALITY, EQUITY,

EQUALITY and JUSTICE.

• Inequality – unequal access to opportunities.

• Equity – custom tools that identify and address inequality.
• Equality – evenly distributed tools and assistance.
• Justice – Fixing the system to offer equal access to both tools and opportunities.
Photo #1: Photo #3:

Photo #2: Photo #4:

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 Political capital
When a politician possess goodwill,
trust, influence, high approval ratings and
credibility, he or she has a political capital.
Politicians need to establish political
capital in order to push through unpopular
legislation later on, get people to follow
their lead, and to win elections.
Social inequality is characterized by
the existence of unequal opportunities and Symbolic capital
rewards for different social positions or Symbolic capital can be referred to
statuses within a group or society. It as the resources available to an individual
contains structured and recurrent patterns on the basis of honor, prestige or
of unequal distributions of goods, wealth, recognition, and serves as value that one
opportunities, rewards, and punishments. holds within a culture. A war hero, for
example, may have symbolic capital in the
SOCIAL INEQUALITY: context of running for political office.
1. Access to social, political, and
symbolic capital 2. Gender inequality
Refers to unequal treatment or
Social capital perceptions of individuals based on their
Societal level social capital is gender. It is anchored from the difference,
considered ‘collectively-owned capital’. It is whether empirically grounded or socially
associated with trust, trustworthiness, constructed.
civic norms, association membership, and 3. Ethnic minorities
voluntary activities. Examples include the Relating to a population subgroup
institutions created to meet basic and (within a larger or dominant national or
fundamental needs for production, cultural group) with a common national or
reproduction, regulation, and coordination. cultural tradition.
Government and non-government 4. Persons With Disability (PWD)
organizations such as courts, police, Are those people who have long-term
emergency services, various government physical, mental, intellectual or sensory
departments, and even corporations. impairments which in interaction with
Societal level examples of social several barriers may hinder their full and
capital include when someone opens a active involvement in society on an equal
door for someone, returns a lost item to a basis with others.
stranger, gives someone directions, loans 5. Global inequality
something without a contract, and any Poorer and/or less powerful states
other beneficial interaction between people, end up being controlled and influenced by
even if they don’t know each other. the richer and/or more powerful states.

UCSP Week 5
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Government Programs and Initiatives in 3. For PWDs:
Addressing Social Inequalities

1. For gender inequality:

• The passing of the SOGIE Bill into a law
will create opportunities to all people
(regardless of gender) an education,
employment, free from harassment and
the like. SOGIE mean Sexual
Orientation, Gender Identity and
Expression. Everyone has a sexual
orientation, gender identity and
expression, so this Bill is not only for the
members of the LGBTQ, but to everyone.

4. For the poor:

• The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4Ps) is a human development
measure of the national government that
provides conditional cash grants to the
poorest of the poor, to improve the
health, nutrition, and the education of
children aged 0-18.

• Gender and Development Orientations

and Seminars
• Violence Against Women Orientations
and Seminars

2. For indigenous people:

• Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 1997
(Republic Act No. 8371 of 1997) - The
Act makes provision for the promotion
and recognition of the rights of
Indigenous Cultural Communities/
Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs), with a
view to preserve their culture, traditions
and institutions and to ensure the equal
protection and non-discrimination of
members.

UCSP Week 5 3
 UCSP Week 5 4
THINK WELL

Directions: Identify the following statements. Answers are found in the box.
SOCIAL CAPITAL POLITICAL CAPITAL

SYMBOLIC CAPITAL GENDER INEQUALITY

INEQUALITY FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES

DISCRIMINATION FOR PWDs

GLOBAL INEQUALITY

1.
International Indigenous Peoples (IP) group denounce the recent series of ‘red-
tagging’ by the Philippine government, military and police on IP leaders, activists and
people’s organizations on the recent Philippine Senate-hearing on red-tagging last
November 3.
Source: [Link]

2.
Adonis (not a real person) uses his political goodwill, influence and charm and
passed a bill into law about the benefits of pregnant women to get the sympathy of the
people. Later on he uses this sympathy to file another bill for the industrialization of the
nearby rice farms which will cause the decrease of rice export of the town, job deflation
and other environmental concerns, but will gain him under-the-table income.

3.
Philippines Protests China's Sea Claim, Weapon Pointing.
Source: [Link]

4.
Plantation Bay resort in Cebu reprimands mother and child with autism.
Source: [Link]

5.
Ilocos Norte Covid-19 patient calls for end to discrimination.
Source: [Link]

6.
The committee report for the Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity or Expression
(SOGIE) bill has not received enough support from senators over a year since it was
refiled in the chamber, said Hontiveros, who chairs the Senate Committee on Women,
Children, Family Relations and Gender Equality.
Source: [Link]

7.
Berdugo (not a real person) saved a lot of his people during a bombing, because of
this he got popular and elected as the new President.
Directions: Encircle the correct answer.
1. is when there is unequal access to opportunity.
a. Equality c. Inequality
b. Equity d. Justice
2. What is the difference between equality and equity?
a. Both have access to opportunities.
b. Equality means giving the same opportunity to everyone.
c. Equity means giving much priority to those who needed help the most.
d. All of the above.
3. What is the best way to end inequality?
a. Equality c. Justice
b. Equity d. None of these
4. People living in the village has easy access to education and health rather than people
living in the slums.
a. Social capital c. Symbolic capital
b. Political capital d. Gender inequality
5. The use of a heroic act to get power and influence from the people.
a. Social capital c. Symbolic capital
b. Political capital d. Gender inequality
6. The use of power and influence to mobilize a preferred policy outcome.
a. Social capital c. Symbolic capital
b. Political capital d. Gender inequality
7. Which statements explains the importance of SOGIE Bill?
a. This Bill protects members of the LGBT from discrimination and harassment.
[Link] Bill opens equal access of everyone to education, employment and social
services.
c. This Bill penalize those who discriminate and harass people of any gender.
d. All of the above.
8. Why is it important that we should recognize the rights of the indigenous people?
a. So that their culture will be preserved.
b. So that they will be equally protected,
c. So that there will be no discrimination
d. All of the above.
9. Which of the following is a benefit and/or a privilege under RA 10754?
a. 20% discount c. Express lane and priority seats
b. Education assistance d. All of these
10. Which of the is the objectives of 4Ps?
a. Giving monetary assistance to identified poor family
b. Improve health and nutritional status of the children belongs to this family.
c. Enhance their education.
d. All of the above.

UCSP Week 5 5
UCSP Week 5

What new information have I learned from these Lessons and how
will I apply these knowledge in the real world?

Contreras, Antonio P., [Link]. The Padayon Series: Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc. 2016. Pages 247-250.
Atienza, Maria Ela, [Link]. Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. C&E Publishing, Inc. 2016.
Pages 108-118.
[Link] [Link]
glossary/political-capital-definition-meaning/
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