2023 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC2 MSM: DIFFERENTIATION (GRADIENT FUNCTION)

1 (a) Suppose the following facts are known about the function g and its derivative:
g(5) = 1, g '(5) = −3.

If f ( x) = tan ( eg( x ) ) , find the value of f '(5) . [3]

x2
(b) Find, by differentiation, the range of values of x for which the function y =
2x − 1
increases as x increases. [3]
[2009/DHS/Prelim/I/4]
1 [Solution]
(a) f ( x) = tan ( eg( x ) )

( ( ) )  e ( )  g ( x )
f  ( x ) = sec 2 e
g x g x

Thus, f '(5) = sec2 ( e1 )  e1  (−3) = −9.81 (3 sig figs)

x2
(b) y=
2x − 1
dy (2 x − 1)(2 x) − x 2 (2)
 =
dx (2 x − 1) 2
2 x2 − 2 x
=
(2 x − 1) 2
Function is increasing
dy
 0
dx
2 x( x − 1)
 0
(2 x − 1) 2
1
 2 x ( x − 1)  0 since ( 2 x − 1)  0 for all real x 
2

0 1
 x  0 or x 1

1
2023 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC2 MSM: DIFFERENTIATION (GRADIENT FUNCTION)

d  −1  2 x   −2
2 (i) Show that  cos  2 
= for −1  x  1 .
1+ x  1+ x
2
dx 
Explain, in your working, how you use the condition −1  x  1 to conclude your
answer. [3]
(ii) Hence, determine the constants A and B satisfying the equation
 2x 
cos −1  2 
+ A tan −1 x = B , for −1  x  1 . [3]
1+ x 
[2009/YJC/Prelim/I/5(a)]
2 [Solution]
d  −1  2 x  
(i)  cos  2 
dx  1+ x 
−1  (1 + x 2 )(2) − (2 x)(2 x) 
=  
 2x  
2 (1 + x 2 ) 2 
1−  2 
1+ x 
−(1 + x 2 )  2 + 2 x2 − 4 x2 
=  
(1 + x 2 ) 2 − 4 x 2  (1 + x )
2 2

−(2 − 2 x 2 )  1  −2(1 − x 2 )  1 
=  2 
=  2 
1 − 2x2 + x4  1 + x  (1 − x 2 )2  1 + x 

 1 − x 2 if 1 − x 2  0
Note that (1 − x 2 )2 = 
−(1 − x ) if 1 − x  0
2 2

 1 − x 2 if −1  x  1
=
−(1 − x ) if x  −1 or x  1
2

Since it is given that −1  x  1 , hence

d  −1  2 x   −2(1 − x 2 )  1  −2
 cos  2 
=  2 
= (Shown)
dx  1+ x  (1 − x )  1 + x  1 + x 2
2

 2x 
(ii) Given: cos −1  2 
+ A tan −1 x = B for −1  x  1
1+ x 
Differentiating wrt x,
−2 A
+ =0
1+ x 2
1 + x2
A−2
 = 0  A−2 = 0  A= 2
1 + x2
 2x 
Thus, cos −1  2 
+ 2 tan −1 x = B
1+ x 
Substituting x = 0 (which satisfies the condition −1  x  1 ),

cos −1 ( 0 ) + 2 tan −1 0 = B  B =
2

2
2023 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC2 MSM: DIFFERENTIATION (GRADIENT FUNCTION)

The diagram above shows the graph of the function y = f ( x) where

ax 2 + bx + c + 1
f ( x) = , a, b, c, d  . The oblique asymptote intersects the axes at
x+d
3
x= and y = 3 . Find the values of a, b and d.
2
dy
By considering , show that c > −1. [5]
dx
Sketch, on a separate diagram, the graph of y = f ( x) . [3]
[2008/NJC/Prelim/I/11(i)]
3 [Solution]
From the diagram vertical asymptote is x = 0. Thus d = 0 .
−3
Gradient of oblique asymptote = 3 = −2
2

Equation of oblique asymptote: y = −2x + 3

p −2 x 2 + 3x + p
 y = −2 x + 3 + =
x x
Comparing coefficients, a = −2, b = 3 and p = c + 1.
c +1
 y = −2 x + 3 +
x
dy c +1
= −2 − 2
dx x
From graph, C has no stationary points.
dy c +1
So = −2 − 2 = 0 has no real solutions
dx x
c +1
 2 = −2 has no real solutions
x
 c +1  0
 c  −1

3
2023 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC2 MSM: DIFFERENTIATION (GRADIENT FUNCTION)

3 y = f ( x)
y

x
y = −2

4
2023 TJC H2 Math (9758) JC2 MSM: DIFFERENTIATION (GRADIENT FUNCTION)

4 The diagram below shows the graph of y = f '( x) . The curve passes through the origin
and has turning points at (−3, 0) and (−1.5, −1). The x-axis and x = 1 are the two
asymptotes of the curve.
y

x
−3 O
(−1.5, −1)

x=1

(i) Find the range of values of x for which the graph of y = f ( x) is strictly
increasing and concave downwards. [1]
(ii) State the x-coordinates of all the stationary points of the graph of y = f ( x) and
determine the nature of each point. [2]
[2009/HCI/Prelim/I/3]
[Solution]
(i) y = f ( x ) concave downwards
 f  ( x )  0 so the gradient of y = f '( x) curve is < 0
y = f ( x ) strictly increasing
 f '( x) >0 so the curve of y = f '( x) is above the x-axis
Thus, x  1
(ii) Stationary points: f '( x) =0  x = −3, 0
x 0− 0 0+
−ve 0 +ve
f ( x)

Minimum point at x = 0

( −3) ( −3)
− +
x −3
−ve 0 −ve
f ( x)

Stationary point of inflexion at x = −3