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Wordsworth's Westminster Bridge Sonnet

The poem describes a group of men who come upon a mysterious land while sailing. In this land, it always seems like a sleepy afternoon. The locals, called Lotos-eaters, offer the men fruit from the magical Lotos plant. Whoever eats the fruit loses all memory of their homeland and desires only to stay in this land forever in a state of blissful indolence. The men decide to stay, singing that their island home is beyond the waves and they will roam no more.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
68 views9 pages

Wordsworth's Westminster Bridge Sonnet

The poem describes a group of men who come upon a mysterious land while sailing. In this land, it always seems like a sleepy afternoon. The locals, called Lotos-eaters, offer the men fruit from the magical Lotos plant. Whoever eats the fruit loses all memory of their homeland and desires only to stay in this land forever in a state of blissful indolence. The men decide to stay, singing that their island home is beyond the waves and they will roam no more.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802

BY W ILLIA M WOR DSWOR T H

Earth has not any thing to show more fair:


Dull would he be of soul who could pass by
A sight so touching in its majesty:
This City now doth, like a garment, wear
The beauty of the morning; silent, bare,
Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie
Open unto the fields, and to the sky;
All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.
Never did sun more beautifully steep
In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;
Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!
The river glideth at his own sweet will:
Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;
And all that mighty heart is lying still!
The Tyger
BY W ILLIA M B LA KE

Tyger Tyger, burning bright,


In the forests of the night;
What immortal hand or eye,
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

In what distant deeps or skies.


Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand, dare seize the fire?

And what shoulder, & what art,


Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat.
What dread hand? & what dread feet?

What the hammer? what the chain,


In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp.
Dare its deadly terrors clasp?

When the stars threw down their spears


And water'd heaven with their tears:
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?

Tyger Tyger burning bright,


In the forests of the night:
What immortal hand or eye,
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
Ode on a Grecian Urn
BY J OHN KEA TS

Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness,


Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,
Sylvan historian, who canst thus express
A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:
What leaf-fring'd legend haunts about thy shape
Of deities or mortals, or of both,
In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?
What men or gods are these? What maidens loth?
What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape?
What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy?

Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard


Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on;
Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd,
Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:
Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave
Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare;
Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss,
Though winning near the goal yet, do not grieve;
She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss,
For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair!

Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed


Your leaves, nor ever bid the Spring adieu;
And, happy melodist, unwearied,
For ever piping songs for ever new;
More happy love! more happy, happy love!
For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd,
For ever panting, and for ever young;
All breathing human passion far above,
That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd,
A burning forehead, and a parching tongue.

Who are these coming to the sacrifice?


To what green altar, O mysterious priest,
Lead'st thou that heifer lowing at the skies,
And all her silken flanks with garlands drest?
What little town by river or sea shore,
Or mountain-built with peaceful citadel,
Is emptied of this folk, this pious morn?
And, little town, thy streets for evermore
Will silent be; and not a soul to tell
Why thou art desolate, can e'er return.

O Attic shape! Fair attitude! with brede


Of marble men and maidens overwrought,
With forest branches and the trodden weed;
Thou, silent form, dost tease us out of thought
As doth eternity: Cold Pastoral!
When old age shall this generation waste,
Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe
Than ours, a friend to man, to whom thou say'st,
"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,—that is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know."
My Last Duchess
BY ROB ERT BROWNIN G

FERRARA
That’s my last Duchess painted on the wall,
Looking as if she were alive. I call
That piece a wonder, now; Fra Pandolf’s hands
Worked busily a day, and there she stands.
Will’t please you sit and look at her? I said
“Fra Pandolf” by design, for never read
Strangers like you that pictured countenance,
The depth and passion of its earnest glance,
But to myself they turned (since none puts by
The curtain I have drawn for you, but I)
And seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,
How such a glance came there; so, not the first
Are you to turn and ask thus. Sir, ’twas not
Her husband’s presence only, called that spot
Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek; perhaps
Fra Pandolf chanced to say, “Her mantle laps
Over my lady’s wrist too much,” or “Paint
Must never hope to reproduce the faint
Half-flush that dies along her throat.” Such stuff
Was courtesy, she thought, and cause enough
For calling up that spot of joy. She had
A heart—how shall I say?— too soon made glad,
Too easily impressed; she liked whate’er
She looked on, and her looks went everywhere.
Sir, ’twas all one! My favour at her breast,
The dropping of the daylight in the West,
The bough of cherries some officious fool
Broke in the orchard for her, the white mule
She rode with round the terrace—all and each
Would draw from her alike the approving speech,
Or blush, at least. She thanked men—good! but thanked
Somehow—I know not how—as if she ranked
My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name
With anybody’s gift. Who’d stoop to blame
This sort of trifling? Even had you skill
In speech—which I have not—to make your will
Quite clear to such an one, and say, “Just this
Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,
Or there exceed the mark”—and if she let
Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set
Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse—
E’en then would be some stooping; and I choose
Never to stoop. Oh, sir, she smiled, no doubt,
Whene’er I passed her; but who passed without
Much the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;
Then all smiles stopped together. There she stands
As if alive. Will’t please you rise? We’ll meet
The company below, then. I repeat,
The Count your master’s known munificence
Is ample warrant that no just pretense
Of mine for dowry will be disallowed;
Though his fair daughter’s self, as I avowed
At starting, is my object. Nay, we’ll go
Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,
Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity,
Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!
The Lotos-eaters
BY A LFRE D, LOR D T EN NYSO N

"Courage!" he said, and pointed toward the land,


"This mounting wave will roll us shoreward soon."
In the afternoon they came unto a land
In which it seemed always afternoon.
All round the coast the languid air did swoon,
Breathing like one that hath a weary dream.
Full-faced above the valley stood the moon;
And like a downward smoke, the slender stream
Along the cliff to fall and pause and fall did seem.

A land of streams! some, like a downward smoke,


Slow-dropping veils of thinnest lawn, did go;
And some thro' wavering lights and shadows broke,
Rolling a slumbrous sheet of foam below.
They saw the gleaming river seaward flow
From the inner land: far off, three mountain-tops,
Three silent pinnacles of aged snow,
Stood sunset-flush'd: and, dew'd with showery drops,
Up-clomb the shadowy pine above the woven copse.

The charmed sunset linger'd low adown


In the red West: thro' mountain clefts the dale
Was seen far inland, and the yellow down
Border'd with palm, and many a winding vale
And meadow, set with slender galingale;
A land where all things always seem'd the same!
And round about the keel with faces pale,
Dark faces pale against that rosy flame,
The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came.

Branches they bore of that enchanted stem,


Laden with flower and fruit, whereof they gave
To each, but whoso did receive of them,
And taste, to him the gushing of the wave
Far far away did seem to mourn and rave
On alien shores; and if his fellow spake,
His voice was thin, as voices from the grave;
And deep-asleep he seem'd, yet all awake,
And music in his ears his beating heart did make.

They sat them down upon the yellow sand,


Between the sun and moon upon the shore;
And sweet it was to dream of Fatherland,
Of child, and wife, and slave; but evermore
Most weary seem'd the sea, weary the oar,
Weary the wandering fields of barren foam.
Then some one said, "We will return no more";
And all at once they sang, "Our island home
Is far beyond the wave; we will no longer roam."

CHORIC SONG
I
There is sweet music here that softer falls
Than petals from blown roses on the grass,
Or night-dews on still waters between walls
Of shadowy granite, in a gleaming pass;
Music that gentlier on the spirit lies,
Than tir'd eyelids upon tir'd eyes;
Music that brings sweet sleep down from the blissful skies.
Here are cool mosses deep,
And thro' the moss the ivies creep,
And in the stream the long-leaved flowers weep,
And from the craggy ledge the poppy hangs in sleep."

II
Why are we weigh'd upon with heaviness,
And utterly consumed with sharp distress,
While all things else have rest from weariness?
All things have rest: why should we toil alone,
We only toil, who are the first of things,
And make perpetual moan,
Still from one sorrow to another thrown:
Nor ever fold our wings,
And cease from wanderings,
Nor steep our brows in slumber's holy balm;
Nor harken what the inner spirit sings,
"There is no joy but calm!"
Why should we only toil, the roof and crown of things?
III
Lo! in the middle of the wood,
The folded leaf is woo'd from out the bud
With winds upon the branch, and there
Grows green and broad, and takes no care,
Sun-steep'd at noon, and in the moon
Nightly dew-fed; and turning yellow
Falls, and floats adown the air.
Lo! sweeten'd with the summer light,
The full-juiced apple, waxing over-mellow,
Drops in a silent autumn night.
All its allotted length of days
The flower ripens in its place,
Ripens and fades, and falls, and hath no toil,
Fast-rooted in the fruitful soil.

Common questions

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In "Composed upon Westminster Bridge," beauty is immediate, transient, and stemming from the harmony between the city and nature during a serene dawn moment. In contrast, "Ode on a Grecian Urn" depicts beauty as eternal and unchanging, captured in the static, frozen scenes of the urn. Wordsworth focuses on temporal beauty, which can disappear with the day's activities, while Keats emphasizes idealized beauty, permanently preserved and providing a timeless connection to truth .

The duke's interaction with the visitor in "My Last Duchess" reveals a rigid social hierarchy and power dynamics characteristic of the Renaissance. He asserts his dominance by controlling the narrative and revealing his expectations of obedience and submission from his wife, treating her as a possession. The power imbalance is evident as he discusses the potential dowry, indicating his view of marriages as transactions. This reflects the societal norms of the period, where social status and control profoundly influenced personal relationships .

Browning's use of dramatic monologue in "My Last Duchess" allows the Duke to inadvertently reveal his controlling and jealous nature. His speech, directed at an emissary, unveils his possessiveness and authoritarianism, as he describes how he "gave commands" which led to the cessation of the Duchess’s smiles. The format exposes his arrogance and need for control over his surroundings and those within them, revealing his view of the Duchess as an object, akin to the art he collects and displays .

In Wordsworth's "Composed upon Westminster Bridge," he blends imagery of both nature and urban elements to highlight their harmonious existence. Despite being a cityscape, the morning's beauty is akin to nature's majesty, with ships, towers, and domes brightening in the "smokeless air". The river "glideth at his own sweet will" conveying tranquility and a natural flow amidst the constructed environment .

In "Ode on a Grecian Urn," the theme of eternity is central as it portrays the urn as a timeless artifact, capturing moments forever in their perfected state. It evokes a paradox where the depicted scenes remain unchanged and eternal, contrasting with human transience. The urn, as a "Sylvan historian," suggests a narrative that transcends time, offering an eternal beauty that teases out reflection on temporal life versus immortal art .

The "fearful symmetry" in Blake's "The Tyger" suggests the paradoxical nature of the tiger's beauty and terror. It reflects on the dualistic nature of creation and the complex, awe-inspiring power of the creator's vision, who can design such a formidable yet beautiful creature. The probing questions imply a creator with the audacity and capability to create something so fearsome, raising questions about the nature of divine intention and morality .

In "The Tyger," Blake uses the tiger itself as a symbol of both awe and mystery, questioning the nature of its creation. The tiger's "burning bright" and "fearful symmetry" symbolize the powerful and potentially terrifying aspects of the natural world. The repeated questioning about what kind of creator could "frame" such a terrifying yet magnificent being suggests exploration into the nature of divine power and whether moral dichotomies lie within creation itself .

In "The Lotos-eaters," nature is depicted as languid and dream-like, creating an environment of perpetual afternoon with "languid air" and "slumbrous sheets of foam" which influences the sailors' decision to stay. The soothing and hypnotic ambiance of the isle serves as an escape from toil and hardship, leading the sailors to abandon their duties and dreams of returning home. The intoxicating natural setting ultimately symbolizes a seductive lethargy that overpowers their will .

In "Ode on a Grecian Urn," human emotion is portrayed as transient and ephemeral, in stark contrast to the timeless art depicted on the urn. While the urn captures eternal scenes of passion and beauty, human emotions such as love and sorrow are fleeting and mutable. The juxtaposition emphasizes how art immortalizes beauty and joy, free from time's decay, unlike human experiences which are subject to change and impermanence, leaving people "high-sorrowful and cloy'd" .

In "The Lotos-eaters," the themes of paralysis and escape are intertwined as the sailors' consumption of the lotus renders them passive, making the sea and their previous life appear "weary." This paralysis is contrasted with the escape offered by the island's eternal afternoon, where they can cease wandering and "no longer roam." This desire to escape the burdens of existence through a narcotic paralysis reveals a tension between duty and the allure of ease and oblivion .

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