Chapter 2
METHODS
Introductory
Example:
This chapter presents the methodologies that the researchers will employ
in gathering the needed data for the study. It includes the research design,
respondents, sampling techniques, instruments used, construction and validation
of the instruments, administration and retrieval of data, and statistical treatment
used.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Identify the research design that will be used in your study. Quantitative
designs are divided into four main types. Experimental & Quasi-
experimental designs allow you to test cause-and-effect relationships,
while Descriptive and Correlational designs allow you to measure variables
and describe relationships between them (Bhandari, 2022).
Example:
The researcher will make use of descriptive design. According to
McCombes (2019), the aims of descriptive research are to accurately and
systematically describe a population, situation or phenomenon.
This research attempts to describe how the teachers assess the students’
performance in online class, particularly in formative and summative
assessments and this study also tries to determine the extent of the challenges
they encountered in the assessment of students' performance and how they
were addressed.
RESPONDENTS
Knowing your research objectives is the first step to determining who your
ideal respondents are. (Slovin's Formula calculates the number of samples
required when the population is too large to directly sample every member.)
Example:
This research involves the respondents from STI College Fairview. Using
the Slovin’s formula with 5% margin of error, the computed respondents will be
one hundred fifty-eight (158) out of four hundred fifty-eight (458) total
population of Senior High School students.
Specifically, sixty-one (61) students from Science, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics (STEM), twenty-five (25) students from Accountancy, Business
and Management (ABM), twenty (20) students from Humanities and Social
Sciences (HUMSS), thirty (30) students from Information Communication and
Technology (ICT), ten (10) from students from Tourism Operation (TO), and
twelve (12) from Culinary Arts (CA).
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Probability Sampling (Simple, Systematic, Stratified, and Cluster)
Non-probability Sampling (Convenience, Quota, Purposive, and Snowball)
Example:
The study will use the cluster random sampling in the selection of the
respondents. according to Gaille (2018), cluster sampling is a method of
selecting samples when populations are placed into separated groups. This study
select the respondents from six (6) strands, specifically STEM, ABM, ICT, HUMSS,
TO, and CA.
INSTRUMENT USED
Research Instrument is the general term use by the researcher for measuring
device such as surveys, questionnaire, test, and etc.
EXAMPLE:
This research will make use of survey questionnaires to solicit information.
The survey questionnaire has three parts, first part is about ….., second part is
about …, and third part is about …. (State the different parts of your survey
questionnaires).
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENT
Discuss how the research instrument will be constructed and validated.
Example:
The researcher read various studies that are similar to the current study to
give ideas on the construction of the instrument. The instrument will consult a
research adviser to check the content. The questionnaire will be tested using
eight (8) try-out respondents and it will compose of teachers and students. three
(3) teachers who are currently teaching as senior high school teachers in the
campus where the research is currently working and five (5) students who are
currently enrolled under senior high school in STI College Fairview, Quezon city.
This will be undertaken to verify if the information stated in the questionnaire is
indeed valid in terms of alignment with the Assessing Students’ Performance in
Online Class.
ADMINISTRATION AND RETRIEVAL OF THE INSTRUMENT
Discuss the process of data gathering.
Example:
The researcher will secure a letter of approval to conduct the study
addressed to the deputy school administrator in STI College Fairview where the
researcher is currently working and once approved and endorsed to the assistant
Principal, the researcher will start to communicate with the teachers and
students to administer the survey. The researcher will use google form to
conduct a survey due to the current situation. After that, the researchers will be
thoroughly examining and checking the completeness of data. The information
collected will be treated with strict confidentiality.
STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
Discuss the different statistical tools that will be used to interpret the data.
Example:
The following are the statistical tools used by the researcher to give proper
analysis and interpretation on the gathered data:
SAMPLE OF RESEARCH SURVEY
Dear Respondents,
This is a questionnaire on ASSESSING STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN
ONLINE CLASS. It aims to determine and assess the different assessment tools
used by teachers to assess their students’ academic performance in an online
class. Furthermore, it identifies the challenges encountered by teachers on
assessing students’ performance and how do they address these challenges.
Feel free to answer each item without hesitation; rest assured that all your
answers would be treated with strict confidentiality.
Thank you,
Researchers
Name (Optional): ________________________________
I. Tools used by the teachers in assessing students' performance
in Online Class
Direction: Below are the different tools used on students’ assessment.
Place a check mark (/) on the corresponding column representing your
response on when you use the following assessment tools
Assessment Tools Response
a. KAHOOT
b. QUIZIZZ
c. SOCRATIVE
d. MENTIMETER
e. GOOGLE FORMS
f. GOOGLE DOCS
g. STI’S ELMS
h. Others, (please specify)
II. Respondents’ Assessment of Students’ Performance in an
Online Class
Direction: Below is a list of statements that describes assessment
undertaken by the teachers to assess students’ performance. Read each
statement and place a check mark (/) on the corresponding column
representing your response on how your teachers do the formative and
summative assessment to assess your performance using the following
scale:
4– Strongly Agree (SA)
3– Agree (A)
2– Disagree (D)
1– Strongly Disagree (SD)
Formative Assessment 4 3 2 1
a. Our teachers ask us to recap
previous discussion during
synchronous class (in Gmeet or Zoom
conference).
b. Our teachers use classroom
response systems (like kahoot,
socrative, quizziz, etc. as part of their
motivation, drill and exercises.
c. Our teachers ask us to use the chat
box for additional idea, for question,
for clarification, and for recitation (in
Gmeet or Zoom conference).
d. Our teachers use online white
board or online collaboration tools
(e.g. Jamboard, Google Docs) for
individual and/or group activities
e. Our teachers ask us to summarize
the lesson before ending our
synchronous class (in Gmeet or Zoom
conference).