06

COMMUNICATIONS &
BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS

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internet, several review centers and other sources of publication for the purpose of further
studying architecture. ArcStudio, its offices, members and lecturers assumes no liability
whatsoever and do not claim any express or implied authorship, patents relating to all
contents found herein. Some content herein maybe claim by the rightful owners.
COMMUNICATIONS AND BUILDING
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Electronics System
Telephone, Intercom, Internet, DSL, Cable TV,
Audio/Video Facilities, Public Address (PA)
SystemsClimate/Lighting/Security Controls and
Related Applications for Buildings/Structures
Robotics and Related Intelligent Building Features
TELEPHONE
• a telecommunication device - transmits and receives sound
• operates principally by converting sound waves to electrical
signals, and electrical signals to sound waves
• contains a a duplex coil to block the sound of your voice from
reaching your ear; includes a bell so it can ring and a touch-
tone keypad and frequency generator.
• "plain old telephone service" (POTS), handles signaling and
audio information on twisted pair of insulated wires:
the telephone line.
TELEPHONE
• The signaling equipment (bell, beeper, light or other device) to
alert user to incoming calls, and number buttons or rotary dial
to enter a telephone number for outgoing calls.
• A twisted pair line preferred (more effective at
rejecting electromagnetic interference [EMI] and crosstalk)
• Circuitry - resistance (less than 300 Ohms) which
causes DC (48 volts, nominal) from the telephone exchange to
flow through the line
• buttons are connected to a tone generator circuit that
produces DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency signaling) tones
which end up at a circuit at the exchange
TELEPHONE & FAX MACHINE
FAX (Facsimile)

• a document sent over a telephone line

• still retain some advantages, particularly in the
transmission of sensitive material which, if sent over
the Internet unencrypted, may be vulnerable to
interception, without the need for telephone tapping
• Connected to a normal phone line, a fax machine
transmits pieces of paper to someone else instantly.
Even with couriers and e-mail, it is nearly impossible
to do business without one of these machines today.
PBX (Private Branch Exchange)
• A telephone exchange
• PBXs are also referred to as:
PABX - private automatic branch exchange
EPABX - electronic private automatic branch exchange
• make connections among the internal telephones of a private
organization and connect them to the public switched
telephone network (PSTN) via trunk lines
• Because they incorporate telephones, fax machines, modems,
and more, the general term "extension" is used to refer to any
end point on the branch.
Internet
• VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) phone or business phone
system it allows more functionality to your new office phone
system. Telecommunication that is transmitted at the business
then it transmitted to the cell phone regardless of where the
mobile phone is located
• a plug and play business phone that will let people to make
telephone calls online to other VoIP services or conventional
landline user
PBX and Internet
CABLE TELEVISION (CATV)
• is a system of providing television to consumers via radio
frequency signals transmitted to televisions through
fixed optical fibers or coaxial cables as opposed to the over-
the-air method used in traditional television broadcasting (via
radio waves) in which a television antenna is required. FM
radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephony, and
similar non-television services may also be provided.
• CATV mean "Cable TV"; originally stood for Community
Antenna Television, from cable television's origins in 1948
• The HEAD-END is where the cable system receives
programming from various sources, assigns the programming
to channels and retransmits it onto cables.
CATV
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM (PA)
• an electronic amplification system with a mixer, amplifier and
• loudspeakers, used to reinforce a given sound, e.g., a person
making a speech, a DJ playing prerecorded
• music, and distributing the sound throughout a venue or
building
• A Public Address or PA system is composed of 3 main
components --a sound source, an amplifier and a
• loudspeaker.
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM (PA)
• The sound source - microphone or a playback device such as
a cassette deck or a CD player. The sound source produces
an electrical signal that represents the sound.
• The amplifier - used to increase the level of the electrical
signal from the sound source so that it can be heard at
sufficient volume from the loudspeaker.
• The loudspeaker - device which converts the electrical
impulses from the amplifier into vibrations in the air which our
ear interprets as sounds.
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM (PA)
• Telephone Paging Systems
In key telephone systems, it uses a paging system that acts as
a liaison between the telephone and a PA amplifier.
In larger telephone systems, used for larger enterprise
applications, paging equipment is not
• built into the telephone system, and uses a system provider
instead (provision of a separate paging controller connected to
a trunk portion the actual telephone system)
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM (PA)
• Long Line Public Address (LLPA) - any Public Address system
in which the architecture is distributed, normally across a wide
geographic area (rail, light rail and metro industries)
• Large Venue Systems - music concerts; powerful and more
complicated PA System (live sound reproduction)
• In a concert setting, there are typically two complete PA
systems: the "Main" system and the "Monitor" system. Each
system consists of microphones, a mixing board, sound
processing equipment, amplifiers, and speakers.
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM (PA)
INTERCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
(INTERCOM)
• talkback or doorphone
• a stand-alone electronic communications system
intended for limited or private dialogue.
• can incorporate connections to walkie
talkies, telephones, cell phones and to other intercom
systems over
• phone or data lines and switch electronic or electro-
mechanical devices such as signal lights and door
latches.
 INTERCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (INTERCOM)

• Permanent Systems - Traditional intercom systems are

composed entirely of analogue
electronics components
• new intercom systems based on digital connections Digital
intercom stations can be connected using Cat 5 cable and
can even use existing computer networks as a means of
interfacing distant parties. (trains, watercraft, aircraft and
armored fighting vehicles)
 INTERCOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
(INTERCOM)
• Portable System intercoms are commonly used by: special
event production crew, professional sports teams, performing
arts venues, theaters, concert halls. It often have a
combination of permanently mounted and portable intercom
elements. Motorsports race tracks often have both portable
and permanent intercom stations mounted at critical points
around the racecourse for use by race officials
and emergency medical technicians.
AUDIO/VIDEO FACILITIES
• Audio and Video systems are sets of electronic
devices that are used together to transmit or record
sound and convert electrical signals into images.
• Audio System - a combination of transducing devices
and associated equipment for picking up sound at
one location and time and reproducing it at the same
or some other location and at the same or some later
time.
AUDIO/VIDEO FACILITIES
Electronic Equipments
• Amplifier - increases strength of signals passing
through it
• Detector - detects the presence of radio signals or
radioactivity
• Equalizer - reduces frequency distortion
• Mixer - mixes two or more input signals to give a
single output signal
• Playback - comprising the part of a tape recorder that
reproduces the recorded material
AUDIO/VIDEO FACILITIES
Electronic Equipments
• Scrambler - makes speech unintelligible during
transmission and restores it at reception
• Set - receives or transmits radio or TV signal
• Television equipment, video equipment - broadcasts
or receives electromagnetic waves representing
images and sound
AUDIO/VIDEO FACILITIES
• Video Systems - a system for electronically capturing,
recording, processing, storing, transmitting, or
reconstructing a sequence of still images
representing scenes in motion.
Major Components:
• Camera, lens and mount - records images (still
photograph or as moving images - videos or movies)
• Lighting system - produces controlled lighting as part
of the effects a lighting designer brings to a show
 AUDIO/VIDEO FACILITIES
• Transmission system - transmits a signal from one
place to another. The signal can be an electrical, optical
or radio signal. One of the most widely used
transmission system technologies in the Internet and
the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone
Network) is SONET (Synchronous optical networking)
• Synchronization system - is important in fields such
as digital telephony, video and digital audio where
streams of sampled data are manipulated.
• Video switching equipment - used to select between
several different video sources
AUDIO/VIDEO FACILITIES
Video Recorders
• Digital Video Recorder (DVR/Personal Video
Recorder [PVR]) - a device that records video in a digital
format to a disk drive, USB keydrive, sd memory card or
other memory medium within a device
• Video Tape Recorder (VTR) - uses removable videotape
cassettes containing magnetic tape to
record audio and video from a television broadcast so it
can be played back later
 AUDIO/VIDEO FACILITIES
Video Recorders
• Video Monitor - similar to a television, used to monitor
the output of a video-generating device
(media playout server, IRD*, video camera, VC, or DVD
player; may/may not have audio monitoring capability
• Video Display Controller or VDC - an integrated
circuit which (main component in a video signal
generator, a device responsible for the production of
a TV video signal in a computing or game system)
* Infrared Data Association (physical specifications communications protocol standards for
short-range exchange of data over infrared light for personal area networks (PANs)
BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
KEY APPLICATION AREAS OF BUILDING
AUTOMATION
• Comfort and convenience at affordable prices
• Security and Surveillance (alarms, CCTV monitoring)
• Heating, Air-conditioning and Ventilation
• Lighting (energy efficient, simulated lighting)
• Home entertainment (audio-visual)
• Communication and Networking (internet, telephone networks)
• Automated barriers (doors, shutters, curtains)
• Emergencies (fire alarms, medical casualty alarms)
• Other (sprinklers, pool temperature control, fireplaces etc.)
KEY APPLICATION
KEY APPLICATION
HOME/ENVIRONMENT AUTOMATION

Home Automation
Intelligent Home
Building Automation
Room Automation
Intelligent Building
Smart Environments
Control System
Building Automation and Control Networks
Ethernet - a family of computer networking technologies for local area
networks (LANs)
BAS COMPONENTS
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM - the ability to permit or deny the
use of a particular resource by a particular entity

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM and PROXIMITY/FINGER SCAN/SMART CARD

BAS COMPONENTS
TIME AND ATTENDANCE SYSTEM - Biometrics (fingerprint
identification) and Contactless Smart Card Access Control &
Time

ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM and PROXIMITY/FINGER SCAN/SMART CARD

BAS COMPONENTS
ELECTRONIC BOOM BARRIER - car parking sites,
condominiums, toll collection and industrial entrance.
BAS COMPONENTS
FIRE ALARM (ADDRESSABLE/CONVENTIONAL)/Control Panel
detects, reports and acts on hazardous fires in buildings.
BAS COMPONENTS
INTRUSION ALARM (WIRED/WIRELESS) - packed with simple
PLUG & PLAY function.
BAS COMPONENTS
VIDEO DOOR PHONE - security solution; audio video door entry
systems integrated with electronic entry systems, video entry
and access control systems
BAS COMPONENTS
EPABX (DIGITAL/ANALOG) - mini exchange in which you can
input 2/3/4/more telephone lines; can take out so many outputs
BAS COMPONENTS
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - includes energy
management systems and building controls (heating, ventilation,
air conditioning, lighting, alarm systems and electrical appliances
BAS COMPONENTS
ELECTRONIC ARTICLE SURVEILLANCE (EAS) – prevents
Shoplifting; Special tags are fixed to merchandise (tags are
removed or deactivated by the clerks when the item is properly
bought; a detection system sounds an alarm when it senses
active tags
BAS COMPONENTS
FIRE AUTOMATION INTEGRATION - high level of interaction
required between the active fire system, building wide
communications, HVAC, and interactive smoke control systems
BAS COMPONENTS
VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM - Monitoring and managing the
mobile assets are the core functionalities of any company
dealing with the services, delivery or transport vehicles.