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Understanding Python Libraries and Modules

Modules are files with a .py extension that contain reusable Python code like functions and classes. Packages are directories containing modules and an __init__.py file, while libraries are collections of packages. The key differences between modules, packages, and libraries are: Modules are .py files, packages are directories with an __init__.py file, and libraries are collections of packages. The __init__.py file marks a directory as a Python package so that it can be imported like a module. Libraries provide commonly used functionality through collections of packages and modules.

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37 views2 pages

Understanding Python Libraries and Modules

Modules are files with a .py extension that contain reusable Python code like functions and classes. Packages are directories containing modules and an __init__.py file, while libraries are collections of packages. The key differences between modules, packages, and libraries are: Modules are .py files, packages are directories with an __init__.py file, and libraries are collections of packages. The __init__.py file marks a directory as a Python package so that it can be imported like a module. Libraries provide commonly used functionality through collections of packages and modules.

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chirag
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Libraries | Vineeta Garg

PYTHON LIBRARIES
VIVA QUESTIONS

1. Why do we organize our code in the form of functions, modules and


libraries?
To easily access it and save ourselves from rewriting the same code again and
again. It also makes our code compact and easy to debug.

2. What is a relationship between module, package and library?

Module is a file which contains python functions, global variables etc. It is nothing
but .py file which has python executable code / statement.

Package is a collection of modules. Each package in Python is a directory


which MUST contain a special file called __init__.py. This file can be empty, and it
indicates that the directory it contains is a Python package, so it can be imported
the same way a module can be imported.

Library is a collection of packages. There is no difference between package and


python library conceptually. Some examples of library in Python are:

➢ Python standard library containing math module, cmath module, random


module, statistics module etc.
➢ NumPy library
➢ Matlplotlib library
➢ Tkinter library

Framework is a collection of libraries. This is the architecture of the program.

3. How do we create modules in Python?


Modules in Python are simply Python files with a .py extension. The name of the
module will be the name of the file. A Python module can have a set of functions,
classes or variables defined and implemented.

1
Libraries | Vineeta Garg

4. What is the difference between docstrings and comments?


Docstrings are similar to commenting, but they are enhanced, more logical, and
useful version of commenting. Docstrings act as documentation for the class,
module, and packages.

On the other hand, Comments are mainly used to explain non-obvious portions of
the code and can be useful for comments on Fixing bugs and tasks that are needed
to be done.

Docstrings are represented with opening and closing quotes while comments start
with a # at the beginning.

The comments cannot be accessed with the help function while docstring can be
accessed with the help function.

5. What are different ways of importing modules in Python?

import <module_name> - This import the entire module and all functions
inside that module can be used in our program.

import <module_name> as <alias_name> - An alias name can also be


given to a module. This alias name is used to invoke the functions stored inside
that module.

from <module_name> import <object_name> - This import only the


specified functions/objects. No other function/object besides the imported one can
be used in the program.

6. What is the importance of __init__.py file?

Each package in Python is a directory which MUST contain a special file


called __init__.py. This file can be empty, and it indicates that the directory it
contains is a Python package, so it can be imported the same way a module can be
imported.

Common questions

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Python modules are created by saving Python code in a file with a .py extension. They typically contain functions, classes, or variables that can be defined and implemented within them .

The __init__.py file in Python packages is essential as it indicates that the directory is a Python package, allowing it to be imported in the same way as a module. Although it can be empty, its presence is mandatory for a directory to be recognized as a package .

Organizing code into functions, modules, and libraries helps in accessing it easily and prevents the need for rewriting the same code multiple times. It also makes the code more compact and easier to debug .

Docstrings in Python serve as documentation for classes, modules, and packages and are enclosed within triple quotes. Unlike comments, which are prefixed by a # and explain non-obvious code portions, docstrings can be accessed using the help function. Comments cannot be accessed this way .

In Python, modules can be imported using three different methods: 1) 'import <module_name>' imports the entire module, allowing all its functions to be used. 2) 'import <module_name> as <alias_name>' uses an alias to invoke module functions. 3) 'from <module_name> import <object_name>' only imports specified functions or objects, restricting use to only those .

In Python, a module is a file with a .py extension that contains Python functions, global variables, etc. A package is a collection of modules and is indicated by a directory containing an __init__.py file. A library is essentially a collection of packages. Conceptually, there's no difference between a package and a library .

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