Geographic

Information
System (GIS)

A presentation in Plan 203 D by:

Leonard Bryle Briones
James Capistrano
Mark Jetro Mortel
Ralph Chester Retamal

December 6, 2022
Image source:
[Link]
Outline of the Presentation
I. What is GIS?
II. Timeline of GIS
III. Benefits of GIS
IV. Components of GIS
V. Functions of GIS
VI. How is it used?
VII. GIS as Tools for Urban Planning
VIII. Where to use GIS?
A. In Land Use Planning
B. In Disaster Risk Reduction and Manamentment
C. In Agriculture
D. In Housing
E. In Transportation
F. In Advocacy work
IX. Summary and Conclusion

Geographic Information System (GIS)

What is GIS? GIS can answer…

What is at? Location

A system of hardware, software

and procedure to facilitate the Where is it? Condition
management, manipulation,
analysis, modeling, representation
What has changed
and display of geo-referenced Trends
since?
data to solve complex problems
regarding planning and What spatial patterns
Patterns
management of resources. exist?

What if…? Modeling

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Timeline of GIS
Sieve mapping (multiple transparent layers laid Harvard Laboratory Computer Graphics developed the
on a light table to identify areas of overlap). first vector GIS called Odyssey GIS.

Data was coarse and inaccurate and measuring New Computer Cartography products: GIMMS,
distance is cumbersome MAPICS, SURFACE, GRID, IMGRID, GEOMAP and MAP

Before 1990 -
1960-1975 1975-1990
1960s present

Technological advancements such as line printers, User Proliferation of GIS because of cheaper
mainframe computers (data storage), coordinate system and more powerful computers; data
input availability; remote sensing integration.

Roger F. Tomlinson GIS became more commercially available.

founded the Canadian Geographic Information System
(CGIS) - considered as the root of GIS. Open source GIS

Census has become digitized in the US and UK in terms of

boundaries, roads and topographic information.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Benefits of GIS
Traditional GIS
Manual Operation Digital

Dataset and Data type

Limited Multiple
Presented at Once

Whole map to be drawn again Updating Easy updating

Can be stored in memory or cloud

Paper disintegrates over time Archiving
storage easily

Prone to bias in measurement or

Accuracy Eliminates user bias
analytical processes

Cost and labor extensive Cost & Labor Cost and labor efficient

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Components of GIS

Hardware Data

Methods &
Software People Procedures

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Functions of GIS
Key outputs -> Map
GIS as an analysis tool

GIS allows us to stack

layers of information and
examine the ways in
which datasets relate to
one another

GIS and other Spatial

Technologies

● Global Positioning
System (GPS)

● Remote Sensing

Geographic Information System (GIS)

How is it
used?

Geographic Information System (GIS)

 Database
Management
GIS as
Tools for Visualization
Field data
collection
Urban
Planning Spatial analysis
& modeling

Geographic Information System (GIS)

Where to use GIS?

Image source: GIS-University Website

Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Land Use Planning

● Comprehensive Land Use Plan

○ Land Use Classification
■ Land utilization
■ Future planning
■ Land management
resource
● Climate Disaster Risk Assessment
(CDRA)
● And others…

Existing Land Use Map of the City of Manila

from the City Planning and Development Office Geographic Information System (GIS)
 Land Use Categories and Color Coding
Source: CLUP Guidebook Volume 3: Model Zoning
Ordinance (Annex 1)
Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Land Use Planning
Spatial analysis of human
population distribution and
growth in Marinduque Island,
Philippines (Salvacion &
Magcale-Macandog, 2015)

- Population growth along with

composition and distribution is closely
linked with land use, land cover, and
global climate change which in effect
influence the need and demand for
policy responses

Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Land Use Planning
Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment
(CDRA) Exposure Database
Development
- Is the process of studying risks and - Exposure maps
vulnerabilities of exposed elements generated
namely, the people, urban areas, through GIS
agriculture, forestry and fishery
production areas, critical point
facilities, lifelines and other
infrastructure associated with Decision Making
- Identified major
natural hazards and climate decision areas and
change list of risk
- Must be integrated in the various management and
adaptation/mitigati
steps of the CLUP formulation on measures
process
Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)

Prevention and Response and Early Rehabilitation and

Preparedness
Mitigation Recovery Recovery

● Resource inventory

● Scientific hazard ● Logistics planning

analysis ● Situation analysis
● Evacuation ● Spatial planning
● Vulnerability planning ● Crisis Maps
modeling ● Infrastructures
● Communications ● Damage and
planning losses ● Housing
● Risk assessment assessments
and mapping ● Needs assessment ● Livelihood
● Stock assessment ● Logistics
● Monitoring,
Forecasting, Early
Warning

Source: NDRRMP; Figure 1 page 15 of Article: Geo Information Systems &

Remote Sensing: Applications in Environmental Systems & Management

Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)
Prevention and Mitigation - Preparedness

Rainfall Data
Image source:
DOST-PAGASA

Tropical Cyclone
Track
Image source:
DOST-PAGASA Hazard and Vulnerability map
Image source: QC DRRMP
(2014-2020)
Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)
Prevention and Mitigation - Preparedness

Nationwide Operations Assessment of Hazards (NOAH)

IRISE-UP - Intelligent, Resilient & Integrated Systems for the Urban [Link]
Population Image source: Comprehensive Hazard map screen capture
Image source: [Link] from [Link]

Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)
Prevention and Mitigation - Preparedness

HazardHunterPH
[Link]
Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)
Response & Early Recovery - Rehabilitation & Recovery - Post-calamity

Situation analysis
(COVID-19)
Image source: Covid 19
Heatmap screen capture
from [Link]

Damage and losses

assessment
(Fisheries; TY PAENG)
Image source: DA DRRM
OpCen Unmanned Aerial System
Image source: DA DRRM OpCen

Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)
Response & Early Recovery - Rehabilitation & Recovery - Post-calamity

Ground deformation
Image source: Earthquake Deformation Mapping
Flood Situation Maps (TY AMBO)
caused by the Taal Volcano Eruption using InSAR (del Image source: DOST-ASTI
Mundo, 2020)

Geographic Information System (GIS)

[Link]

…in Agriculture

National Color-Coded Agriculture Guide

Map - crop suitability maps using GIS Standing Crops
[Link] Image source: DA DRRM Operations Center

Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Agriculture

Georeferencing of Farm Parcels - Monitoring of animal diseases and pest

Registry System for Basic Sectors in infestations
Agriculture (RSBSA) Image source: DA ATI CALABARZON
Image source: DA RSBSA NPMO
Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Housing

Image Source: NHA Web site Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Housing

Comprehensive Maps Project Maps Landholding Maps

Lot Information System - Billing and

Occupancy Verification (OV) Commercial, Industrial, Institutional (CII)
Collection System (LIS-BCS) Map
Map
Image Source: NHA Web site Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Transportation

Highway Management

Accident Analysis
Route Planning
Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Transportation

Road Safety Management

Traffic Monitoring and Modelling

Construction Management

Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Advocacy Work

Open and Green Spaces

Geographic Information System (GIS)

…in Advocacy Work

Conservation
Geographic Information System (GIS)
…in Advocacy Work

Refugee Migration
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Summary
● GIS is a system of hardware, software, and
procedure.
● It answers the location, condition, different trends,
and patterns of a certain area.
● It is beneficial as it digitizes the analog method of
planning, specifically in generating different maps.
● There are different uses of GIS like in Land Use
Planning, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management,
Agriculture, Housing, Transportation, and even in
Advocacy Work.
Data-driven Tool for Cost-effective
Analysis Visualization Solutions

But why
learn GIS as planners?
Proactive Better decision
Accuracy
Solutions making
References
Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development. (2014). CLUP Guidebook Volume 3 Model Zoning
Ordinance.

Information Systems & Remote Sensing: Applications in Environmental Systems & Management.

International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS), 5(2), 11-18.

Jr., Cristino L. Tiburan. "Environmental Remote Sensing and Geo-Information Laboratory." Undated. Presentation.

Office of Civil Defense. (2020). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan.

Paul, P. K., Aithal, P. S., Bhuimali, A., Tiwary, K. S., Saavera, R., & Aremu, B. (2020). Geo

Ramos, R.V. "Lecture 10: GIS and Web Mapping." 2015. Presentation.

Unnamed. National Housing Authority Geographic Data Portal. Undated. Interactive Maps. 5 December 2022.

Unnamed. Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards . Undated. Interactive Map. 5 December 2022.
Thank you for
listening!
Geographic Information System (GIS)

A presentation in Plan 203 D by:

Leonard Bryle Briones
James Capistrano
Mark Jetro Mortel
Ralph Chester Retamal

December 6, 2022
Image source:
[Link]