1st slide – Title Page

Good morning, everyone! I am Amethyst B. Briones. I am here to present my report about one of the branches of
philosophy and its relationship and importance to education. I am going to discuss all about AXIOLOGY: Axiology
and Education.

2nd slide – Etymology

So, before anything else, let us start first with the etymology or the origin of the word “Axiology.” Okay?!
Okay! Axiology stems from two Greek words, we have “Axios” which means “value or worth” and “Logos” meaning
“study of, science of, theory of, reason of, symbol of.” Hence, axiology is the philosophical study of value and “value”
originally meant the worth of something, the regard that something is held to be deserve, the importance and
usefulness of something. Axiology is the study of the question of value and it deals with the issue of value in various
areas.

3rd slide – Questions

Now, axiology often asks these following questions: What is a value? Where do values came from? How do we justify
our values? How do we know what is valuable? What is the relationship between values and knowledge? What kinds
of values exist? Can it be demonstrated that one value is better than another? Who benefits from values? and many
more.
The question of values deals with notions of what a person or a society regards as good or preferable. Axiology, like
other branches of philosophy – like metaphysics and epistemology, stands at the very foundation of the educational
process. Let me emphasize that a major aspect of our education is the development of values. Am I right? Yes, of
course. That is why we have Values Education, Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, or GRMC subject in schools. And in that
context, the classroom is an axiological theater wherein teachers cannot hide their moral selves. By their actions,
teachers constantly instruct groups of highly impressionable young people who assimilate and imitate the teachers’
value structures to a significant extent. That is why knowing more about axiology helps us boost our understanding in
the art of teaching. But before we move forward to its relationship to education…

4th slide – Branches of Axiology

Let us dig deeper into axiology first. Let us proceed to the branches of axiology. Axiology has two main branches; we
have ethics and we have aesthetics.
So, ethics is the study of moral values and conduct. Ethics is the study of moral principles and it attempts to establish
rational grounds for good conduct. Ethics, otherwise called as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy which
deals with moral standards, explores the rightness and wrongness of human behavior or the goodness and badness of
personality or character.
On the other hand, aesthetics is the realm of value that searches for the principles governing the creation and
appreciation of beauty and art and the things of daily life. It is the study of the nature and value of works of art and the
aesthetic experience.
Now, let us discuss them one by one.

5th slide – Ethics

Let’s have ethics first! Ethics is innately central to humans. “How should I behave?” well, that is an ethical question
that we tend to sought the answer in the daily basis. Ethical theory seeks to provide right values as the foundation for
right actions.
What is good and what is evil, what is right and wrong? Is it ever right to take something that does not belong to you?
What makes ethical standards moral? The question means what obliges us to follow a moral standard. Like the maxim,
“Do unto others what you like others to do unto you.” Now, ethics is in many ways, is the crucial issue of our times.
Societies have made unprecedented technological advances, but have not advanced significantly in their ethical and
moral conceptions. But why? Both as individuals and within societies, human beings exist in a world in which they
cannot avoid meaningful ethical decisions or even moral dilemmas. Thus, schools must teach ethical concepts to their
students. The problem is that people embrace different ethical bases and feel quite negatively about having their
children “indoctrinated” in a moral view that is alien to their fundamental beliefs. Therefore, the desire to pass on to
their children a specific system of moral values is a powerful motivator for most parents.
That is why at the heart of most of these ethical discussions are such questions as, “Are ethical standards and moral
values absolute or relative?” “Do universal moral values exist?” “Can morality be really separated from religion?”
“Who or what forms are the basis of ethical authority?” and “What is the advantage of owning moral standards over
merely abiding by it?” We, human beings, tend to practice our existential minds trying to find out answers and even
telling ourselves that there is no universal morality that governs us all, deciding what is bad or good depends on us, we
can do whatever we want to all of these ethical discussions but still all we can do is wonder why and going back to the
question, how do we justify our values? and HOW SHOULD WE BEHAVE?

6th slide – Aesthetics

Alright! Now, moving on to the second major branch of axiology which is aesthetics.
Aesthetics asks such questions as “What is beautiful?” “What should I like?” “How do we recognize a great piece of
music?” “A great piece of art?” “Can there be beauty in destruction?” “What is artistic creativity and how does it
differ from scientific creativity?” “Why are works of art considered to be valuable?” “Does art have any moral
obligations?” Again, aesthetics is the realm of value that searches for the principles governing the creation and
appreciation of beauty and art in both “the higher arts” and the things of daily life, such as school, architecture,
television programs, and billboards. For example, the way we comment on the fashion statements of the younger
generation nowadays as seen on social media, we tend to state the expression “here comes or hala ang mga ESTITIK
oh.” So, why do we say aesthetic? Because aesthetics is the judgement of taste or preference. For example, when I say
I love minimalism or I like cottagecore or I only listen to Taylor Swift, that is because I prefer that kind of style, that’s
the kind of thing I value. Now, let’s go back to the first question “What is beautiful?” This one is very important
because evaluations of beauty and ugliness fall into the aesthetic realm. Thus, aesthetic evaluation is a part of daily
life and cannot be avoided. Anything seen or viewed with the naked eye, appearances and all are aspects of aesthetics.
The aesthetic experience is tied to the cognitive world of intellectual understanding, but also soars beyond the
cognitive into the affective realm because of its focus on the feelings and emotions. Aesthetic experiences enable
people to move beyond the limits imposed by purely rational thought and the inadequacies of human language. A
picture, song, or story may create an impression in a person that could never be conveyed through logical argument.
And lastly, we can all agree to this. Human beings are aesthetic beings; thus, it is equally impossible to avoid teaching
aesthetics in the school, at home, on media, or on church as it is to avoid inculcating ethical values. However, the
realm of aesthetics does not exist in a vacuum. To the contrary, aesthetic belief is directly related to other aspects of
people’s philosophy. For example, if subjectivity and randomness are embraced in epistemology and metaphysics,
they will be reflected in both aesthetics and ethics. People’s aesthetic values reflect their total philosophy.
And that is all about axiology and its branches. Okay! At this juncture, the question is, how does all of these relate to
education?

7th slide – Axiology and Education 1

Moving forward to axiology and education answering the question: How does axiology relates to education? Let’s just
say that our contemporary age, the modern world, is an age of great confusion and turmoil. Wars and conflicts
continue unabatedly and is innumerable alarming and also tragic phenomena, including terrorism, destruction, arson,
murder, drug abuse, alcoholism, sexual immorality, family breakdown, injustice, and corruption, are occurring
worldwide. At the vortex of this turmoil, humankind’s most valuable assets are now almost obliterated or almost gone.
It is referring to the loss of personal human dignity, time-honored traditions, loss of the dignity of life, mutual trust
among people, loss of the authority of parents and teachers, and the list goes on and on.
That is why in this context, education plays an important role for inculcating the value (such as truth, beauty, love,
honesty, freedom, kindness, goodness, etc.) and transmitting from one generation to another through its curriculum.
It has been rightly stated that culture is a totality of values created throughout history and that education is the means
of performing culture. This is why axiology requires an important educational dimension.

8th slide – Axiology and Education 2

So, what are the components of this dimension?
First, axiology, by projecting a system of values, proposes educational aims under the form of axiological objectives
and ideals. For instance, the transfer of values to a child in school uses the aspects of ethics and aesthetics – like
knowing and teaching what is moral, or fair, good, or preferable and it kinda leads to the accumulation and growth of
axiological potential of values to that young person.
Second, axiology comprises both general human or universal and specific values for a determined community, thereby
giving it its personality. Then, education preserves it and transmits these values that will guarantee the cultural identity
of the human community.
Third, the performance of values requires knowledge and experience, which means the involvement in this process of
education on its two interrelated planes: cognitive and emotional. For instance, like how we make objectives in our
lesson plan, it must not all be just mental work, we must also touch the affective aspect of learning. Right? Yes!
Finally, as axiology is the manifestation of human creativity, education has among its fundamental functions that of
cultivating the creative power of the individual and the human community. Otherwise expressed, though personality is
the source of all values, it is not born, but is developed by education. That is why we reckon in our time that education
is one of the fundamental resources for future social development.

9th slide – Conclusion

From all this concise presentation of the elements making up the content of the educational dimension of axiology,
there results a very important and significant conclusion: without education, axiology would be deprived of living
power, and, without the light of axiology, education would grope about in the dark.
And I think that would be all.

10th slide – Thank You

Thank you everyone for listening. Do you still have any questions? What questions do you have? If there is none, I
think that’s all of it. Thank you. Goodbye. God bless us always.