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LCNRV and Biological Asset Valuation

The document contains multiple choice questions regarding accounting for biological assets and agricultural produce. Key points covered include: - Biological assets are living animals or plants and must be disclosed separately on the statement of financial position. They are measured at fair value less costs to sell. - Agricultural produce is measured at fair value less costs of disposal at the time of harvest. - The transformation of biological assets results from changes through biological processes like growth and generation. - Fair value is the measurement basis for valuing biological assets and agricultural produce.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
111 views28 pages

LCNRV and Biological Asset Valuation

The document contains multiple choice questions regarding accounting for biological assets and agricultural produce. Key points covered include: - Biological assets are living animals or plants and must be disclosed separately on the statement of financial position. They are measured at fair value less costs to sell. - Agricultural produce is measured at fair value less costs of disposal at the time of harvest. - The transformation of biological assets results from changes through biological processes like growth and generation. - Fair value is the measurement basis for valuing biological assets and agricultural produce.

Uploaded by

Renz Ngoho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem 18-1 Multiple choice (PAS 2)

1. Which statement is incorrect regarding LCNRV?

1. Inventories shall be measured at

a. Cost

b. Net realizable

c. Lower of cost and net realizable value

d. Lower of cost and market

Answer : c. Lower of cost and net realizable

value

2. The cost of inventories shall be measured using

a. FIFO

b. Average method

c. LIFO

d. Either FIFO or average method

Answer : d. Either FIFO or average method

3. Net realizable value is

a. Current replacement cost

b. Estimated selling price

c. Estimated selling price less estimated cost

to complete

d. Estimated selling price less estimated cost

to complete and estimated cost of

disposal
Answer : d. Estimated selling price less estimated cost

to complete and

estimated cost of disposal

4. Inventories are usually written down to net realizable

valuep

a. Item by item

b. By classification

c. By total

d. By segment

Answer : a. Item by item

Answer :b. In most situations, entities price

inventory on a total inventory

basis.

2. Which of the following statements is true regarding

inventory writedown and

reversal of writedown?

a. Reversal of inventory writedown is

prohibited.

b. Separate reporting of reversal of inventory

writedown is required.

c. Entities are required to record writedown in

a separate loss account.

d. All of the choices are correct.

Answer :b. Separate reporting of reversal of


inventory writedown is required.

3. LCNRV of inventory

a. Is always either the net realizable value or

cost.

b. Should always be equal to net realizable

value.

c. May sometimes be less than the net

realizable value.

d. Should always be equal to the estimated

selling price less cost to complete.

5. The amount of any writedown of inventory to net

realizable value and all losses of

inventory should be

Answer :a. Is always either the net realizable

value or cost.

a. Recognized as operating expense in the

period the writedown or loss occurs.

b. Recognized as other expense in the period

the writedown or loss occurs.

c. Recognized as component of cost of sales

in the period the writedown or

] loss occurs.
d. Deferred until the related inventory is sold.

4. Lower of cost and net realizable value

Answer : c. Recognized as component of cost of sales

in the period the

writedownor loss occurs.

Problem 18-2 Multiple Choice (IAA)

a. Gives the lowest valuation if applied to the

total inventory.

b. Gives the lowest valuation if applied to

major group of inventory.

c. Gives the lowest valuation if applied to

individual item of inventory.

d. Must be applied to major group.

Answer :c. Gives the lowest valuation if

applied to individual item of

inventory.
5. Which of the following is not an acceptable method

of applying the LCNRV?

a. Inventory location

b. Group Inventory

c. Individual Item

d. Total of the inventory

Answer :a. Inventory location

10. When the cost of goods sold method is used to

record inventory at net realizable

value

6. Reporting inventory at the lower of cost and net

realizable value is a departure from

a. There is a direct reduction in the selling

price.

a. Historical cost

b. Consistency

c. Conservatism

d. Full disclosure

Answer :a. Historical cost

7. When inventory declines in value below original

cost, what is the maximum


amount that the inventory can be valued at?

a. Sales price

b. Net realizable value

c. Historical cost

d. Sales price reduced by estimated cost of

disposal

Answer :b. Net realizable value

8. Lower of cost and net realizable value as it applies

to inventory is best described as

the

a. Reporting of a loss when there is decrease

in the future utility below the

original cost.

b. Method of determining cost of goods sold.

c. Assumption to determine inventory flow.

d. Change in inventory value to net realizable

value.

Answer : a. Reporting of a loss when there is

decrease in the future utility

below theoriginal cost.

b. A loss is recorded directly in the inventory

account by debiting loss.

c. Only the portion of the loss attributable to

inventory sold is recorded.


d. The net realizable value for ending

inventory is substituted for cost and the

loss is buried in cost of goods sold.

Answer : d. The net realizable value for ending

inventory is substituted for

cost and the loss is buried in cost of goods sold.

Problem 18-3 Multiple Choice (IAA)

1. How should sales staff commission be dealt with

when valuing inventory at

LCNRV?

a. Added to cost

b. Ignored

c. Deducted in arriving at net realizable value

d. Deducted from cost

Answer :c. Deducted in arriving at net

realizable value

2. How should trade discounts be dealt with when

valuing inventory at LCNRV?

a. Added to cost

b. Ignored

c. Deducted in arriving at net realizable value

d. Deducted in arriving at cost

Answer :d. Deducted in arriving at cost

9. Which method may be used to record a loss due to


a price decline in the value o

inventory?

a. Loss method

b. Sales method

c. Cost of goods sold method

d. Loss method and cost of goods sold method

Answer :d. Loss method and cost of goods

sold method

3. How should prompt payment discount be dealt with

when valuing inventory at

LCNRV?

a. Added to cost

b. Ignored

c. Deducted in arriving at net realizable value

d. Deducted from cost

Answer :b. Ignored

4. How should import duties be dealt with when valuing

inventory at LCNRV?
Answer. d. All of these are measured at net

realizable value

Answer: b. Fair value less cost of disposal at

the point of harvest

5 produce is

5. Which of the following financial attributed would not

be used to measure

inventory?

a. Historical cost

b. Current replacement cost

c. Net realizable value

d. Present value at future cash flows

Answer: d. Present value at future cash flows

a harvested product from biological asset

b at the time of harvest at the cost of

production

c at each reporting period at fair value

less cost of disposal

d of the choices are correct regarding

agricultural product

Answer: a. The harvested product from

biological asset
Problem 19-1 Multiple choice

1. Biological assets

a. Are found only in Biotech entities

b. Are living animals or living plants and must

disclosed as a separate line

item inthe statement of financial position

c. Must be measured at cost

d. Do not generally have future economic

benefits

Answer: b. Are living animals or living plants

and must disclosed as a

separate line item in the statement of

financial position

2. It is the management by an entity of the biological

transformation and harvest of

biological assets for sale or for conversion into

agricultural produce into additional

biological asset.

6 activity results in which of the following

type of asset?

a asset only

b produce only

c biological asset and agricultural


produce

d biological asset nor agricultural

produce

Answer: c.

agricultural produce

Both

biological

asset

and

7 activity includes all of the following,

except

a livestock

b cropping

d fishing

Answer: d. Ocean fishing

a activity

b activity

c activity
d activity

Answer: a. Agricultural activity

3 assets are measured at

b of cost and net realizable value

c realizable value

d value less cost to disposal

Answer: d. Fair value less cost to disposal

4 produce is measured at

a value

b value less cost of disposal at the point

of harvest

c realizable value

d realizable value less normal profit

margin

8 transformation results from asset changes

through all of the following,

except

d. Production of agricultural produce

Answer: d. Production of agricultural produce

9 is a market in which transactions for the asset or


liability take place with

sufficient regularity and volume to provide pricing

information on an going basis.

a market

b market

c market

d market

Answer: a. Active market

10 of the following should not be considered


cost of disposal?

a to broker and dealer

b by regulatory agency

c tax

d cost

Answer: d cost

Problem 19-2 Multiple choice

1 speaking, biological assets relating to

agricultural activity shall be

measure using

a cost

b less depreciation less impairment

c fair value approach

d realizable value

Answer: c. A fair value approach

2 entity had a plantation forest that is likely to be

harvested and sold in 30 years.

The income shall be accounted for in which of the

following?

a income shall be reported annually until

first harvest and sale in 30 years

b shall be measured annually and reported

using a fair value approach

that recognizes and measures biological growth


c eventual sale proceeds shall be estimated and

matched to the profit and

loss account over the 30-year period.

d plantation forest shall be measured every 5

years and the increase in

value shall be shown in the statement of

comprehensive income

Answer: b. Income shall be measured annually and

reported using a fair value

approach that recognizes and measures biological

growth

3 of the following statements is true regarding

agricultural produce?

a all cases, an entity shall measure agricultural

produce at fair value less

cost of disposal at the point harvest.

b prevailing view is that the fair value of

agricultural produce at the point

of harvest can always be measured reliably

c fair value measurement of agricultural

produce stops at the time of

harvest

d of these statements are true regarding

agricultural produce.

Answer: d. All of these statements are true


regarding agricultural produce.

4 is the measurement basis for valuing biological

assets and agricultural

produce?

a cost

b cost

c value

d value

Answer: d. Fair value

5 the fair value of the biological asset cannot be

determined reliably, the

biological asset shall measured at

b less accumulated depreciation

c less accumulated depreciation and

accumulated impairment loss

d realizable value

Answer: c. Cost less accumulated depreciation

and accumulated impairment

loss

6 of the following is unlikely to be in fair value

measurement?

a price of an identical asset in an


active market

b price of a similar asset in an active

market

c present value of the expected net cash

flows from the asset

d independent valuation

Answer: d. External independent valuation

7 gain or loss arising on the initial recognition of a

biological asset and from a

change in the fair value less cost disposal of a

biological asset shall be included in

a or loss for the period

b comprehensive income

c separate revaluation reserve

d appropriation reserve

Answer: a. Profit or loss for the period

8 there is a long aging or mutation process

after harvest, the accounting for

such products shall be dealt with by

a 41, Agriculture
6 of the following criteria must be satisfied before a

biological asset can be

recognized in an entity’s financial statements, except

a entity controls the asset as a result of past

event

b is probable that future economic benefits

relating to the asset will flow to the

entity

c active market for the asset exists

d fair value or cost of the asset can be

measured reliably

Problem 20-1 Multiple choice

1. Which will not require an estimate of inventory?

a. Inventory destroyed by typhoon

b. Proof of the reasonable accuracy of the physical

inventory

c. Interim financial statements are prepared

d. Determination of the ending inventory to be reported

in the statement of

financial position at year-end

Answer: c. An active market for the asset exists

Answer: c. Interim financial statements are

prepared
7 of the following would be classified as biological

asset, except

2. How is the gross profit method used as it relates to

inventory valuation?

a cattle

a. To verify the accuracy of the perpetual inventory

record.

b. To verify the accuracy of the physical inventory.

c. To estimate cost of goods sold.

d. To provide an inventory value under FIFO

Answer: c. Eggs

8 of the following

agricultural produce?

would

be

classified
as

a. Tree

Answer: d. Apple

9 related to recreational activities, for

example, game parks and zoos,

including the natural breeding of animals in zoos, shall

be accounted for what

under what standard?

a 41 – Agriculture

b 16 – Property, plant and equipment

c 41 – Investment Property

d IAS 41 or IAS 16

Answer: b. IAS 16 – Property, plant and

equipment

10. According to IASB, bearer plants, such as grape

vines, rubber trees and oil palms

which are used solely to grow produce over several

periods should be accounted

for as

a assets with disclosure


b assets without disclosure

c, plant and equipment

d investments

Answer: c. Property, plant and equipment

Answer: c. to estimate cost of goods sold.

3. Which of the following is not a basic assumption of

the gross profit method?

a. The beginning inventory plus purchases equal

total goods to be accounted for.

b. Goods not sold must be hand

c. The sales reduced to cost basis when deducted

from the sum of the beginning

inventory and purchases would result to inventory on

hand

d. The amount of purchases and amount of sales

remain relatively unchanged from

the comparable previous period.

Answer: d. The amount of purchases and amount of

sales remain relatively

unchanged from the comparable previous period.

4. If the gross profit rate is based on cost, the cost of

goods sold is computed as

a. Net sales times cost ratio

b. Net sales divided by sales ratio


c. Gross sales times cost ratio

d. Gross sales divided by sales ratio

Answer: b. Net sales divided by sales ratio

5. The gross margin method of estimating ending

inventory may be used for all of the

following except

a. Internal as well as external interim reports

b. Internal as well as external year end report


c. Estimate of inventory destroyed by fire or other

casualty

d. Rough test of the validity of an inventory cost

determined under either periodic

or perpetual system.

c. There is no beginning inventory because it is the

first year of operation

d. The gross profit percentage applicable to goods in

ending inventory is different

from the percentage applicable to goods sold during

the period.

Answer: b as well as external year- end report

Answer: a portion of inventory is destroyed

6. The use of the gross profit method assumes

a. The amount of gross profit is the same as in prior

years.

b. Sales and cost of goods sold have not changed

from previous years.

c. Inventory values not increased from previous

years.

d. The relationship between selling price and cost of

goods sold is similar to prior

years.
Answer: a. The amount of gross profit is the same as

in prior years.

10 of the following statements is not valid about

the gross profit method?

a. It may be used by auditors

b. It is an acceptable accounting procedure

c. It may be used to estimate inventory for interim

statements

d. It may be used to estimate inventory for annual

statements.

Answer d. It may be used to estimate inventory for

annual statements.

Problem 20-1 Multiple choice

7. The gross profit method of estimating inventory

would not be useful when

a. A periodic system is use and inventories are

required for interim statements.

b. Inventories have been destroyed or lost by fire,

theft or other casualty and the

specific data required for inventory valuation are not

available.

c. There is a significant change in product being


sold.

d. The relationship between gross profit and sales

remain stable over time

Answer: c. There is a significant change in

product being sold

8. The gross profit method of inventory valuation is not

valid when

a. There is substantial increase in the quantity of

inventory during the year.

b. There is substantial increase in the cost of

inventory during the year.

c. The gross margin percentage changes

significantly during the year.

d. All ending inventory is destroyed by fire before it

can be counted.

Answer: c. The gross margin percentage changes

significantly during the year.

9. The gross profit method of inventory valuation is

invalid when

a. A portion of inventory is destroyed

b. There is a substantial increase in inventory

during the year.

1. Which will not require an estimate of inventory?


a. Inventory destroyed by typhoon

b. Proof of the reasonable accuracy of the physical

inventory

c. Interim financial statements are prepared

d. Determination of the ending inventory to be reported

in the statement of financial

position at year-end

Answer: c. Interim financial statements are

prepared

2. How is the gross profit method used as it relates to

inventory valuation?

a. To verify the accuracy of the perpetual inventory

record.

b. To verify the accuracy of the physical inventory.

c. To estimate cost of goods sold.

d. To provide an inventory value under FIFO

Answer: c .To estimate cost of goods sold.

3. Which of the following is not a basic assumption of

the gross profit method?

a. The beginning inventory plus purchases equal

total goods to be accounted for.

b. Goods not sold must be hand

c. The sales reduced to cost basis when deducted

from the sum of the beginning


inventory and purchases would result to inventory on

hand

d. The amount of purchases and amount of sales

remain relatively unchanged from

the comparable previous period.

Common questions

Powered by AI

Biological assets, as defined by international standards, are living animals or plants and must be disclosed as a separate line item in the statement of financial position. They are measured using a fair value approach. If the fair value cannot be determined reliably, they should be measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment loss .

An active market provides the necessary price information to determine the fair value of biological assets. If there isn't sufficient market data for reliable valuation, then assets should be measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment .

Trade discounts should be deducted in arriving at cost, while sales staff commissions should be deducted in arriving at net realizable value. Prompt payment discounts should generally be ignored in this context .

The gross profit method is used to estimate cost of goods sold and ending inventory when physical inventory counts are impractical, such as for interim financial statements or when inventory is lost. Its key limitation is that it depends on the stability of the gross profit rate and may not be reliable if there are significant changes in sales or cost structures .

Losses due to a price decline in inventory value can be recorded using either the loss method or the cost of goods sold method. In the cost of goods sold method, the net realizable value for ending inventory substitutes for cost, and the loss is buried in cost of goods sold .

Income from a long-term biological asset like a plantation forest is accounted for by measuring and reporting annually using a fair value approach that recognizes and quantifies biological growth. This ensures that income arising from a change in fair value less costs of disposal is reflected in profit or loss for the period .

The gross profit method is not valid when there is a significant change in the product being sold or when the gross margin percentage changes significantly during the year. It is also unsuitable when there is a substantial increase in inventory quantities or costs .

Inventory must be reported at the lower of cost and net realizable value when there is a decline in value below the original cost. This is a deviation from the principle of historical cost and is done to recognize losses when there is a decrease in the future utility of the inventory .

To recognize a biological asset, the entity must control the asset due to a past event, and it must be probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity. Furthermore, the cost or fair value of the asset must be measurable reliably, and an active market should not be a required condition .

A 'fair value' approach requires that agricultural produce be measured at fair value less cost of disposal at the point of harvest. This method assumes that fair value can be measured reliably and stops fair value measurement after the point of harvest .

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