Course Code: BIO 024 (Biochemistry/
Biomolecules) Module #6
Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______
Section: ____________ Schedule: ____________________________________ Date: _______________
Module 6: CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
1. D and E: Nucleotides (Nucleoside + Phosphate) are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
2. B and D: The statement in the questions presents the complementary strand and base pairing
characteristics of DNA and RNA.
3. A : Antiparallel characteristic of DNA structure means that in the chains, each end of the helix contains the 5’
and of one strand and 3’ end of the other
4. B; Plasmids are the The small and circular extrachromosomal DNA molecules that carry genetic information
for future generations in bacteria.
5. C: Reverse transcriptase aka RNA-directed DNA polymerase aka RNA-dependent DNA polymerase,
is a DNA polymerase enzyme that transcribes single-stranded RNA into DNA. This enzyme is able to
synthesize a double helix DNA once the RNA has been reverse transcribed in a first step into a single-
strand DNA.
6. B: Thymine is the only nitrogenous base unique to DNA since other bases can be present in both DNA and RNA.
Uracil is unique to RNA replacing Thymine in DNA.
7. B: tRNA is the type of RNA molecule that brings amino acids to the site of protein synthesis. This is the type of
RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. tRNAs function at
specific sites in the ribosome during translation, which is a process that synthesizes a protein from an mRNA
molecule. Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called
transcripts; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules form the core of a cell's ribosomes (the structures in which
protein synthesis takes place); and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during
protein synthesis.
8. A: Sickle-cell disease is a disease mutation in the beta-hemoglobin gene considered as Point-Missense-
Conservative mutation. Point because one base is different (GAG to GUG). Missense because the codon
is mutated from one amino acid to a different amino acid (Glutamic acid to valine) and Conservative since the
mutation produces amino acids of the same properties – both Glutamic acid and valine are Non-polar amino
acids.
9. C: Nonsense or stop codons are UAA, UAG, UGA. While UAG is the start codon for Methionine.
10. A: Translation process is Activation of tRNA – Initiation – Elongation – Post-translation- Termination
11. D: Thymine is mimicked in the inhibition. Such that again, 5-fluorouracil is an antineoplastic agent which acts as
an antimetabolite – that blocks the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme
thymidylate synthetase and so slows tumour growth.
12. B: Base pairing in RNA A-U, G-C. Complementary strand for the DNA informational strand 5’-3’ strand is 3’-5’
strand.
13. B: Exons is the segments in gene that contains genetic information. EXpression of genetic informatiON.
14. B: AUG is the mRNA codon for the anti-codon UAC.
15. A: Primer is the short starter nucleotide chain in polymerase chain reaction. is a short nucleic acid sequence that
provides a starting point for DNA synthesis. In living organisms, primers are short strands of RNA. A primer must
be synthesized by an enzyme called primase, which is a type of RNA polymerase, before DNA replication can
occur.
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION