INTREVIEW QUESTIONS. 1. Define: Unit operation. Usefil Physical changes occur in the chemical industry is known as a Unit Operation. Exampk: Distillation, Fitration, Drying, Extraction, Gas absorption, Crystallization, ete. 2. Define: Unit process. Useful Chemical changes with or without physical change occur in chemical industry are known as a Unit Process. Example: - Oxidation, Reduction, Alkylation, Sulfonation, Chlorination, ete. 3. Define: Boiling Point and Bubble Point. Boiling Point: -Itis a temperature of a liquid at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure. Bubble Point: -It is a temperature at which first bubbk of vapour is formed. 4, When does liquid boil? When the vapour pressure of the liquid is equal to atmospheric pressure at that time liquid is boil 5. Define: - Volatile Liquid. It is a tendency of a liquid to vaporize. Acetone and water out of this which is more volatile and why? ‘Acetone is more volatile than water because of boiling point of acetone (56.7 °C) is low compa re to boiling point of water (100° C) ‘What is the Relative Volatility? It isa ratio of concentration of more volatile component in vapour phase to liquid phase is called Relative Volatility 8. What is important of Relative Volatility? For separation of quid mixture using distillation, Relative volatility should be more than L 9. Why is Reflux done in distillation column? and Define Reflux Ratio For Increasing product purity. Reflux: -It is amount of distillate which is resend to distillation coum is known as a refhos. Reflux Ratio: -Refhix ratio is the ratio of the portion of the overhead quid product from adstillation cohum that is returned to the upper part of column to the portion of liquid collected as distillate. Scanned with CamScanner10, What is effect of reflux ratio on the no, of plate required in distillation column? At high reflux ratio no. of plate required less (Small column height) and at low reflux ratio no. of plate required more (Large column height). 11, Define Distillation, Simple distillation, Steam distillation, vacuum distillation, Azeotropic distillation, Extractive distillation and Fractional distillation? * Distillation: — Distillation is unit operation in which liquid mixture is separated based on their boiling point difference and relative volatility by means of thermal energy. Simple Distillation: — when the boiling point difference of two liquid in mixture is high then we can use simple distillation. ‘Ex: — A mixture of acetone (B-P.— 57 ‘c) & water (B.P,— 100 *c) can be separated by simp distiltion because boiling point difference is high. Steam distillation: — Steam distillation is used for ~ Separating high boiling components fiom Nonvolatile impurities by using steam. - For separating high boiling fraction where there are chances of decomposition of material at high temperature. ‘* Vacuum Distillation: —It is the type of distillation in which the liquid mixture is to be distilled out in the vacuum which is less than the atmospheric pressure. © Azeotropic Distillation: — (When Boiling point difference is very low) In Azcotropic distillation a third component called entrainer is added to the mixture which forms a new low boiling azeotrope with one of the components which is distilled out first Ex —Acetic acid (BP. — 115 ‘c) and water (B.P. - 100 ‘c) mixture, the butyl acetate (B.P, — 90 °c) is added as entrainer and it forms azeotrope with water in the mixture. Water and butyl acetate is distilled out while acetic acid is remain as residue. + Extractive Distillation: - Also used when boiling point difference is very close In Extractive distillation solvent is added which alter the relative volatility of the original components, thus permitting separation, Ex —In Toluene (B.P— 111 “c) and Iso-octane (B.P. — 100 °c) liquid mixture, phenol (B.P.— 182 ‘c) is added as solvent, Iso-octane is removed as distillate and toluene and phenol removed as residue. © Fractional Distillation: — It is used for separating more than two components from the Tiquid mixture Ex — Crude oil Scanned with CamScanner12, What is principle of vacuum distillation & Define Vacuum? ‘Vacuum is pressure less than atmospheric pressure, when it is applied at that time quid boils before its boiling point Vacu Pressure below the atmospheric pressure is called vacuum. 13. MSDS (Three or Four sentences) MSDS — Material safety data sheet. It inctudes.. ‘Product information Hazard information - Fire and explosive hazardness First aid measure Safety information 14, State Boyle lav, Charles law, Gay-Lussac law? Boyle law: - Fora fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure. Valip ‘T—Constant Charles law: - Fora fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the vole is directly proportional to the temperature, Vat P—Constant Gay-Lussac law: - Fora fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature. PaT ‘V—Constant 15, What is the value of Avogadro number & It’s Significance? Avogadro number is the defined as the number of particle (Molecule, atoms, compound) per moles of substance. Value of Avogadro number is 6.022 x 1023 Mot", and expressed as the symbol NA. 16, Define Freezing point? Write the Freezing point of Methanol, Ethanol, Benzene, Acetone, Toluene? Freezing point: ~The freezing point is the temperature at which a iquid changes to a solid when cooled. Scanned with CamScanner‘Component Freezing Point Methanol -97.6°C Ethanol -114°C Benzene 35°C Acetone 95°C Towene HOTT 17. Define Moles & Mole fraction. ‘Mole: It is the number of molecule present in molecular weight of substance. ‘Mole Fraction: — It is the ratio of the moles of individual components to the total moles of compound. 18, Define Normality, Molarity, Molality. © Normality: - Normality is defined as the number of equivalents weight of solite dissolved in one liter of solution. © Molarity: -Molarity is defined as the number of mokcular weight of solute dissolved in one liter of solution. © Molality:—Molility is defined as the number of molecular weight of soite dissolved in one kilogram of solution, 19. Define Enthalpy. Write the two units of Enthalpy. Enthalpy is defined as thermodynamic state fnetion denoted by letter “HT”, that consists of internal energy system (U) phis product Pressure (P) & Volume(V) of the system. H=U+pVv Unit ~ Joule, Calories 20. Write driving force in Mass transfer operation, Heat transfer operation, Momentum transfer operation. ‘© Mass transfer operation: - Transfer of mass from higher concentration to lower concentration. ‘* Heat transfer operation: — Transfer of heat from higher temperature to lower temperature. Scanned with CamScanner* Momentum transfer operation: — Transfer of fluid from higher velocity to lower velocit Momentum — Mass x Velocity 21. Define: Absolute Viscosity, Kinematic Viscosity, Thermal Conductivity, Heat Capacity, and Heat Transfer, © Absolute(Dynamic/shear) Viscosity: -The resistance offered by a fhiid under a shear stress. ae . Ke i Unit: - gy and Poise. © Kinematic Viscosity: -It's the ratio of the viscosity of the fhid to it density cm? M? Unit: -1 Stoke =1 and — s s ‘* Thermal Conductivity: - ‘Thermal conductivity is a measurement of the ability of a substance to conduct heat. Unit: - WI(M.K) , J([Link]) Heat Capacity: - The amount of heat needed to rise the system's temperature by one degree. it: 2 Unit + Heat transfer: - Amount of heat transfer per unit area per unit time. Unit: -W/(M?.K) and J/(M?.S.K) 22, Define the Specific Heat. Specific Heat: - The amount of beat required for rise one degree temperature per unit mass. _t (Ke) Unit: 23, Difference between drying and evaporation. DRYING EVAPORATION -Small amount of solvent removed. -Large amount of solvent removed. Remove sohent below boiling poi. =Remove solvent at boiling point. ~Main purpose to get dried product ~Main purpose to increasing concentration of product. 5 Scanned with CamScanner24, Name any four dryers along with one application in each case. Tray Dryer: -wed in dyes and pharmaceuticals industry. 2. Spray Dryer: -wsed in detergent and food industry. 3. Fuidized Bed Dryer (FBD): - used in pharmaceuticals industry. 4, Rotary Dryer: -Cement industry. 5, Roto Cone Vacuum Dryer(RCVD): -Pharmaceuticals. industry. 25, Which types of evaporator used in concentrating fruit juice. Muhiple effect evaporator 26. Write difference hetween single effect and multiple effect evaporator. > Inmuiple effect evaporator vapour coming out from Ist evaporator is use as feed for 2nd evaporator. While in single effect evaporator vapour coming out from evaporator is going to condenser and discard. > Cost of mutiple effect evaporator is higher than singk effect evaporator. > Mubiple effect evaporator is use in large scale operation. 27. Write difference between Forward feedand Backward feed evaporation, Forward Feed Evaporator ‘Backward Feed evaporator ~Flow of sohition and steam is in parallel direction. ~Flow of solution and steam i in counter current direction. Its not required pump. =I required_pump, “In this process heating of eed in fist effect, =In this process heating_of feed in each effect. “maintenance charge and power costs is Iss. =mainfenance charge and power costs is high. ~Get less thick liquor. ~Get thick liquor. 28. Define Humidity. Write the name of one equipment use for measuring humidity. > Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air. Relative Humidity: - Its the ratio of the amount of moisture in the air to the maximum. amount of moisture that could exist in the air at a specific temperature. Specific Humidity: - It’s the ratio of the mass of moisture in the mixture to mass of moisture in air. Measuring equipment: - Hygrometer Hydrometer: -A hydrometer is an instrument that measure the specific gravity (relative density) of fiquid Scanned with CamScanner29. Give Boiling Point of ‘Methanol are Ethanol BIC Benzene BOC Toluene 10.6 C ‘Isopropyl akeohol | 82.6 °C Ethyl acetate TIC 30. Write the name of strong acid and strong base. Strong Acid Strong Base CIOs - Perchloric_ Acid NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide HCI - Hydrochlorie_Acid KOH — Potassium Hydroxide HeSOs- Sulfric Acid Ca(OH) - Calcium Hydroxide HNO3- Nitric Acid ‘Ba(OH)2 — Barium Hydroxide 31. Out of phenol and acetic acid, which is more acidic? Acetic acid is more acidic than phenol 32, Define Saponification, When an oil or fat is boiled with a solution of caustic soda, the resultant product are soap and glycerin. ‘The chemical reaction is called saponification. Oil + caustic soda -> soap + glycerin 33, Define pH. Itis the negative logarithm of the activity of hydrogen ion. pH = -bg(H*] Or pH = -log(H:0*} potency of H* in solution. 34, Give difference between aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. ‘Aromatic Compound ‘Aliphatic Compound ‘They are contain Aromatic ring or benzene | They are organic chemical compound ring. without_benzene ring. “They are always cycle. They are linear and cycle “They are always unsaturated. ‘They are saturated and unsaturated. “They are conjugated due tothe presence of | The majority of aliphatic compound are not alternating double bond. conjugated. 35. Define: - Valancy. ‘The no. of unpaired electron removed or gained in the outer most shell to attained the stability, known as valancy. Nitrogen -03 Carbon -04 — Oxygen-02 Scanned with CamScanner36. Is Ammonia is base or acid? Ammonia is weak base because of lower cone. of H* ion. 37. Give examples of weak acid and weak hase. ‘Weak acid Weak Base HCOOH (formic acid) NEG (ammonia) CHSCOOH (acetic acid) CSHEN (pyridine) Hi(hydrogen fluoride) NHLOH (ammonium hydroxide) eS hydrogen sulfide) N(CH) (Trimethyl ammonia) 38. Difference between Corrosion and erosion. Corrosion: - It is natural process in which degraded the useful property of material such as strength, structure. Tt occurs in metal but sometimes in polymer. Erosion: - it is action of surface process that removes soil, rocks or dissolves material from the one location to another. 39. What is optically active compound? A compound capable of rotating the place of vibration of polarized fight to right & left used of mokcuk and atom. 40. What are inert gases? Why they are inert? Give the names of 4 inert gases. ‘An inert gas is a gas which does not undergo chemical reactions under a set of given conditions. Inert gases are generally used to avoid unwanted chemical reactions degrading the sample. These undesirable chemical reactions are often oxidation & hydrolysis. with oxygen and moisture in air. Purified ARGON and NITROGEN gases are most commonly used as inert gases. Other inert gases are NEONE, HELIUM, CO2. 41. What is dry ice? Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide. It is used primarily as a cooling agent. 42, Which dryer is used in detergent production? Spray dryer Scanned with CamScanner43. Write 2 oxidizing agents and reducing agents. Oxidizing agents: - KMnOs , K2Cr207 , H202 ,OZONE Reducing agents: - LiAIHy , NaBHs , Na2S203, KI 44, Difference between Reversible and Irreversible chemical reactions. Inreversible reaction, reactants react to form a new product & are get back the original product or reactant. While in imeversible reaction, it's impossible to get back original product or reactant. In reversible reaction, changes take place very slowly through a series of intermediate step in the equilibrium state, While in imeversible reaction, there is no equilibrium state. 45. Define Fire Point and Flash Point. What is the importance of determination of Fire Point? Flash Point: - Its the lowest temperature at which vapour of fuid will produce a flash by open flame. Fire Point: -Itis the lowest temperature at which the vapour of fluid will continue to burn for at least $ seconds afier ignition by open flame. 46. Define Density. Give unit of density. Density: - The density of substance is its mass per unit volume. ‘Unit: - Kg/m? Specific Gravity: - It is the ratio of density of sub. to the density of reference sub.(water). Itis unit ss. 47. What is the function of Manometer? ‘Manometers are simplest pressure measuring device. They are used for measuring Low Pressure or Pressure Difference. 48, Give 3 units of Temperature & Pressure. ‘Temperature: -°C, K ,°F Pressure: - Pa, N/n?, Ke/ms? Scanned with CamScanner49. Why Earthing is provided in Solvent line? When fluid flows , the static charge will produce. It is enough to ignite solvent. So there is chance of explosion. To avoid this, earthing is provided in solvent fine. 50. Which acid is present in milk, lemon juice & vinegar? In mik - lactic acid (pH = 6.5—6.7) In mon juice - Citric acid (pH = 2.0) In Vinegar - Acetic acid (5 to 10% Acetic Acid in H20) 51. Name any four type of pipe fitting & it’s application. ‘Name of pipe fitting ‘Application Valve’ ‘to regulate flow Elbow to change the direction of flow Tee & cross to combine or divide uid flow Phigs jo terminating Dow Nipple to join two tubes Reducers ‘to change the diameter of pipe ((o reduce the diameter of Pipe) 52. Define: -Conduction, Convection & Radiation? Conduction: - It is heat transfer from one body to another body which is in physical contact with it it is restricted to solid. Eg, Heat flow through wall of furnace Convection: - It is heat transfer from one point to another point within a fid by mixing of hot & cold portion of fiuid. It is restricted by fhid. (guid & gas) Fg_ heating. of water in beaker Radiation: - It is heat transfer from one body to another body by electromagnetic waves., which not in contact with it, it is not required any medium. Eg. Heat flow from sun to earth, 10 Scanned with CamScannerNOTE: 53. Give full form of COD, BOD, TDS, PPM, CGMP & GMP. COD-Chemical Oxygen Demand ‘The amount of oxygen present in water consume during two hrs by the organic and inorganic contaminant BOD-Biobgical Oxygen Demand BOD is the amount of dissolve oxygen needed by biological organism. to break down organic material present in one liter water during five days at 20 degree Celsius. ‘TDS- Total dissolved solid PPM- Parts per million CGMP-Current good manufacturing practice. GMP-Good manufacturing. practice. GLP-Good laboratory Practice 54, What is fire triangle? ‘The fire trang is a simple way of understanding the element of a fire. 55. What is the main Constituent of coffee? Caffine 56. What is soap? When fatty acid (or oil) heated with alkali like NaOH to produce salt is called soap. Soap are the anionic surfactant Oil or fatty acid + NaOH +—————> soap + glycerol RCOOH + NaOH ————_ RCOONa +20 BA soap 57. Which product will obtain by hydrolysis of sucrose? Glucose & fructose CuHinOn+HhO —* Collis + CcHi20s SUCROSE GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE uw Scanned with CamScanner58. CHEMICAL FORMULA OF SUCROSE & FRUCTOSE. Cr2H220n - sucrose CsHi20¢— fructose 59. Write the main component of table sugar? SUCROSE(C11H22011) is a main component. 60. Give the name of table salt? NaCl 61. Name of catalyst used in Chlorination and Hydrogenation? AIC, FeCk and ZnCh is used in Chlorination Pt, Fe and raney Ni is used in Hydrogenation 62. Define atomic no. And atomic Weight. 1- Atomic No. (Z): ~The no. of protons in the nucleus of atom is called Atomic no. 2- Atomic Weight: - the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of atom is called atomic weight. 63. Define ¢ and 1 bond. how many ¢ and 7 bond in butanol? a bond: - This type of covalent bond formed by the end to end overlap of bonding orbital, Along the inter nuckar axis. this is called as head on overlap axial mt bond: - In the formation of 1 bond the atomic orbital overlap in such a way that their axes remain parallel to each other end perpendicular to the inter nuclear axis, Butanol have 14 ¢ bond, no 7 bond 64, Write chemical formula Acetone: - CsHsO ‘MEK: - CHO ACETIC ACID: - CoHsO2 2 Scanned with CamScanner65. Compare sieve plate and bubble cap column. As the bubble cap disperses the gas phase into fine bubble and allows these bubbles to flow horizontally and then vertically through pool of fig. Gas fig. Contact is very efficient Gas-liquid contact in sieve plate is poor compared to bubble cap as the gas is directed vertically. the pressure drop in sieve plate is less than that in bubble cap column, 66. Define leaf filter and plate filter. Leaf filter: -These fiers provide large surface area by using varieties of filer leaves and do not require complete disassembly for cleaning that is necessary with plate end frame filer press. The filter leaf in general consist of a heavy wire drainage screen mounted in a tubular frame which acts as support and fitrate conduit. ‘The sturry to be fitered fils. the space around the leaf by applying pressure on the slurry or vacuum within the kaf. In either case the fiter cake builds upon the outside of leaf and filtrate passes from within the leaf to the fitrate discharge system. Plate filter: - slurry to be fiered is pumped through the feed channel If runs into the chamber and fills the chamber completely the pressure goes on increase. ‘The solid are deposited on the fiter cloth. ‘The two cake is formed simultaneously in chamber. ‘The press is then dismantled and the cake of solid scrapped off from each plate and dropped to aconveyor or strange bin. Than it is washing simply and discharge the fitrate. 68, What is crystallization? Give Name of crystallizers. Crystallization: - It is the unit operation in which purification and producing the crystal from liquid mixture. Name of erystallizers: - 1. Vacuum crystallizer 2. Agitated tank crystallizer 3. Swenson-wakker crystallizer 4, Draft tube crystallizer 69, Difference between Distillation and Extraction. Both are used for separating liquid mixtures in liquid extraction the separation is done into 2 liquid phase whit: in distilation the separation is done into a liquid phase & vapour phase. 3 Scanned with CamScannerDistillation Extraction’ Relative vobtility should be more than 1 | Selectivity should be more than 1 Gives pure product ‘Does not give pure product “Thermal energy has to be supplied Trean be carried out at room temperature Ttis suitable for low boiling point and boiling | It is suitable for heat sensitive materials point different if high. Distillation i costlier Teak required dstllation Forseparation of Extract Solution ‘weeping in disillation cohmn 70. Distinguish between latent heat & sensible heat. Latent heat: -latent heat is the enthalpy change associated with temperature change of a body along with phase change Sensible heat: -the enthalpy change associated with temperature change of a body in the same phase. 71. What is ISO & kaizen? ISO: - ISO (International Organization for standardization) is an international standards- setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Kaizen: - Its Japanese word that refers to activities that continuously improve all functions & involve all employees from the CEO to the assembly line workers. 72, Heat transfer from sun to earth is Radiation. 73. which is strong acid (A) HNO; (B) NaOH (C) CaSO4 (D) NHS 74. In copper & steel which has more thermal conductivity? Copper 75, Ability of a liquid to vaporize is called... Vokatility 76. Which is Unit process (A) Mixing (B) alkylation (C) distillation (D) decantation 14 Scanned with CamScannerNoTE: 77. Accumulation of solid on the filter is called... (A) fiter aid (B) filter cake (C)fiter media 78. Define elementary reaction & non-elementary reaction, lementary reaction-It is chemical reaction in which one or more chemical species react directly to form of products in single step & with single transition state Nomelementary reaction: - A reaction that can be broken down into a number of steps. the rate of reaction will be determined only by the reactants involved. in the slowest steps. 79. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10gm NaOH in water to make 250ml solution. ‘What is normality& molarity of solution? For nomality=> IN = Equivalent Wt. =1000m IN= 40/4 =250 ml solution IN= 10gm = 250gm Formobrity=> 1M =Mokecular weight = 1000mL IM= 40/4 =1000/4 IM= 10 +=250 ml solution 80. Section above feed point in distillation column Reetifying Section 81. Section below feed point in dis Striping section ition column 82. What do u mean by LD50? And give its unit... ‘The amount of toxic agent sufficient to kill 50% of a population of tested animals usually within a certain time is called LDso, 83. Comparing reciprocating & centrifugal pump: - Cenirfgal_pump Reciprocating pump simple in construction ‘Complicated _in constriction Requires Tess floor are Requires more foor area Suitable for large discharge Suitable for small discharge can handle dirty water ‘Cannot handle dirty water Continuous delivery Pulsating delivery ‘Need priming Does not need priming Tess efficiene: High efficiency 15 Scanned with CamScanner84, How many kg. of NaOH is required to neutralize 100 kg of 38.5% HCI solution. 85, What is clond point & pure point. Cloud point: -Cloud point refers to the temperature below which wax in diesel or biowax in biodiesels form a cloudy appearance. Pour point: “The pour point of a liquid is the temperature at which it becomes semisolid and loses its flow characteristics. 86. What is the full form of NPSH? Net Positive Suction Head 87. What is the range of NPSH? ‘More then I 88. Define Cavitation in pump? How can remove cavitation? If the pressure in the suction line is less than the vapour pressure of the quid some of the liquid hashes into vapour creating gas pockets is called... & it's remove by priming & increase suction pressure head. 89. Why are fins used in heat exchangers? To Increase Surface area. 90. Why are multipass heat exchanger are used in industry? ‘The muiipass provides more heat transfer in given space. This type of heat exchanger consists of a shell with a bundle of tubes inside it, 91, how hard water can be softened? * by zeolite process # ion exchanger requires © lime softening * reverse osmosis + onboiing 92, MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone), Phenol, Aniline- which is aliphatic? MEK (Methyl Ethyl Ketone) 93. When do you use gear pump? ‘The gear pump is commonly used in the chemical industry for handing high viscosity liquids including molasses, paints, and greases. 16 Scanned with CamScanner|. Define redox reaction with example. Chemical reaction which involves both oxidation as well as reduction process simultaneously, are known as redox reaction. Sneb +2fech ————» Snek +2fech Sn! ——+> Sn (oxidation) fe* ———> fe (reduction) 95. What is the function of catalyst in chemical industry? A catalyst speed of chemical reaction by providing an alternate reaction pathway with a fower activation energy. Since the activation energy is lower, more product will be formed in the same amount of time. 96. Define Exothermic & Endothermic reaction. Exothermic reaction: - a reaction which release the heat energy. Endothermic reaction: - a reaction which absorb the heat energy. 97. Define Solvent, Solute, Solution. Solution: - A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances. Solute: - A substance which is dissolved in solvent is called solute. Solvent: - The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent. 98. What is the function of cooling tower? Cooling tower is used to dispose of unwanted heat from chiller. Water cooled chillers are normally more energy efficient than air cooled chillers. 99. What is RTD? Resistance temperature detectors. Itis used for measure temperature, 100. What is Grignard reagent? It is organomagnesium halides (R-Mg X) 101. What is wilkinson's catalyst? It is used as catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkenes. Formula: -RhCIPPhs)3 7 Scanned with CamScanner102. What is corrosion inhibitor? ‘A substance that decreases the rate of metal oxidation, 103. What is shear stress and shear strain? Shear stress: - shear stress is stress (external force) acting on an object or surface parallel to the slope or plane. TSHA Fs force applied A= cross sectional area of material Shear strai Deformation of sold due to stress. difflo i= change of length To = initial length 104. Match the correct answer, 1)Raynolds number — fluid of measurement 2)Fouling — Rotary disk Contactor 3)Aldol condensation — dimerization reaction for aldehyde and ketone. 4)Diels alder reaction — Reaction for making ring 5)Hofinan eliminat —Less highly substitute alkenes is major product. 105. What is temary compound? Achemical compound that is made up of three different elements, 106. What is wax? ‘Wax is form of liquid substance. it is made from long chain hydrocarbon compound, 107. What is salt? Salt is chemical compound which is obtained by neutralization of acidic and basic substance. 108. What is osmosis process? ‘The process by which solvent molecules of solution move from higher concentration to ower concentration through a semipermeable membrane. it is called osmosis process. 18 Scanned with CamScanner109. Full form of UE and LEL. UEL: -Upper Explosive Limit LEL-Lower Explosive Limit 110. Which type of vessel used for storing concentrate acid? (A) Glass tank (B) Stan kess steel (C) Rubber line vessel (D) Mild steel LIL Difference between mild and stainless steel. ‘The most basic difference between mild steel and stain less steel is in their composition. -Mild Steel is made from a combination iron and carbon, Itis most suitable in the constriction industry and for making heavy equipment. -Stainkess steel made from a combination of chromium and iron. The resulting metal is anticorrosive and resistant to rusting 112, Define: - Isomer, Ssotopes, Isobar. Isomer: - Compound having same molecular formula but different molecular structure or different arrangement of atom and group this phenomenon is isomerism. Isotopes: - Two or more atom of same element has same atomic number but different atomic: weight Ex -HH,C?,C8 Isobar: - Two or more atom of same element has same atomic weight but different atomic number. Ex: HIQH!. 113. Define: - Flectronegativity and Bond. Electronegativity: -Tendency of any atom to attract bonding electron towards itself. Bond: ‘The Iinkage between atom in mokecuks. 114, Screening of particles Depends on... (A) Size of particles (B) Density of particles (C) Viscosity 115. 5S is ....... Management system, (A) Work place (B) Environment (C) Quality 19 Scanned with CamScannerNOTE: 116. When the volatility difference between two components is very less which types distillation use? Why? Extractive distillation or azeotropie distillation are used depending upon nature of the liquid: mixture. 117. What is quantum energy? ‘An energy required to break the bond between an atom or an element. 118, What is buffer Solution? ‘A solution that shows resistance towards change in PH vale. Basically it is either made of a weak acid and a conjugate base or a weak base and a conjugate acid. 119, Friedel craft reaction does not take place in the presence of catalyst. (A) ACh (B)FeCh (CINAOH (DBF 120, Define Validation. Validation is the process of establishing documentary evidence demonstrating that a procedure, process or activity carried out in production of testing maintains the desired level of compliance at all stages. 121. Which gas was leak in Bhopal? Chemical structure of gas. ‘The name of gas methyl isocyanate (MIC) TC N\ N=C=0 122, How to make 50% H,SO,? To add SOml H2SOs in 5Oml Water. 123, Which is more aci H;SO, or HNOs? Why? HaSO4 HaSO4is contain 2H* ion. When H2SOadissolve in water it’s give 2H* ion due to the ionization it’s get acidic, 124, Why atomizer is used in spray dryer? Atomizer is device which convert the quid into tiny droplets. 20 Scanned with CamScanner125. Difference between batch process& continuous process Batch process Continuous process > Concentration of Feeds decreasing > Concentration of Feed with tim: remain constant_with time > Feed will not continously charge. > Feeds continously charge > Tabor requirement & more. > fiom one side and come out > Time must be require. > fiom other side. > Generally used for small scale > Time & not require production. > Manually operate > Tabor requirement comparatively less > Automatically operate. 126. Define: - Diffusivity. “The ratio of the flux to comesponding concentration gradient. Unit is mP/sec. 127. Define: - partial pressure? “The pressure of component gas that is present in mixture of gases. the total pressure of mixture of gases = partial pressure of the component gas which are present in mixture of gas. 128. Define: - vapour pressure. “The pressure exhibited by vapour on liquid or solid surface is known as vapour pressure. 129, Which gas oceupied maximum percentage in air? Nitrogen- 78% Oxygen- 21% Other gases-1% a Scanned with CamScannerNOTE creer a HR QUESTIONS 1. Asa team leader the teamis not working according to your command. What should you do? (A) Change the member who don’t listen (B) Shouted to the team by giving example of other (©)Try to find out problem of team member (D) Leave the team and go 2. Ifyou are work under pressure? What you do? (A) Start the work but will not complete B) Straight way to NO (©) Divide the work to the worker so that work can be completed ()No, but mutual understanding you will do the work 3. Your salary is less than your colleague? What should you do? (A) Discuss. with your Manager ) Leave the organization (C)Never compare the salary (D) Stop talking with 4, Ina meeting you give suggestion to your boss but your boss rejected your suggestion? (A) Argue with your boss a prove point (B) Discuss a point with boss angrily (C)Come out and discuss the negative point about the boss (D) To convince the boss to understand his ideas. 5. You are givena work which not listed in a duty What would you do? (A) Do the work (B) Ruff use to work (©) Say yes, but not will do (D) Give that work to some buddy eke 6. You are incharge and person working under you drains the produet, what will be your action? 7. What are your strengths? 2 Scanned with CamScannerNOTE: 8. What are your weaknesses? 9. What do you know about this organization? 10. Do you have any questions for me? 11, Why do u want to join this company? 12. Give any 2 significant achievements in your personal life. 23 Scanned with CamScanner