Gyan Success Treasur

111

Chapter
Practice
PART 1 5. In the given food chain, organisms are labelled as A
to D. Match the labelling referred in Column I
Objective Questions with their most suitable feature in Column II.
! Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is an incorrect pair?
(a) River—Natural ecosystem D

(b) Air—Biotic component C

(c) Crop field—Artificial ecosystem
(d) Water—Abiotic component B

2. Which of the following is not a functional component of A

an ecosystem?
(a) Communities Column I Column II
(b) Decomposers
A 1. Primary carnivore
(c) Sunlight
B 2. Secondary carnivore
(d) Energy flow
C 3. Autotrophs
3. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is always D 4. Primary consumer
(a) unidirectional (NCERT Exemplar)
Codes
(b) bidirectional
A B C D A B C D
(c) multidirectional (a) 3 4 1 2 (b) 4 3 2 1
(d) no specific direction (c) 3 1 4 2 (d) 3 2 1 4
4. The diagram represents the flow of energy within a 6. What will happen if deer is missing in the food
balanced ecosystem. chain given below? (NCERT Exemplar)
The boxes represents various trophic levels. Select the Grass → Deer → Tiger
option which gives correct identification and main (a) The population of tiger increases
function or characteristic (b) The population of grass decreases
(c) Tiger will start eating grass
P Q R
(d) The population of tiger decreases and the population of
grass increases
S 7. The diagram shows the flow of energy through an
ecosystem.
(a) P-Producers : They are heterotrophic in nature
(b) Q-Primary consumers : They eat only plants and their products
3 4
(c) R-Herbivores : They are secondary consumers
Primary Secondary
(d) S-Decomposers : They act as tertiary consumers in a food chain Sun Producers
1 consumers 2 consumers

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The smallest amount of energy transferred between 11. Identify the option that indicates the same trophic
organisms and the largest amount of energy lost to level of different organisms in the given food web.
the ecosystem is represented by which arrows?
Smallest energy transfer Largest energy loss
(a) 4 3
(b) 2 1
(c) 2 3
(d) 1 4

8. Which of the following represents the labelled parts

X and Y correctly?
Phytoplankton

Zooplankton Y

X Y
(a) Primary consumer Producer (a) Goat, Snake, Owl (b) Rabbit, Fox, Peacock
(b) Secondary consumer Decomposer (c) Frog, Fish, Bird (d) Tiger, Fox, Eagle

(c) Primary consumer Secondary consumer 12. What happens in biological magnification?
(a) There is a progressive increase in the level of harmful
(d) Carnivore Herbivore
substances through trophic levels
9. Carefully study the given pyramid of energy flow in (b) There is a progressive increase in the body weight
through trophic levels
an ecosystem. Select the option which gives correct
(c) There is a progressive increase in number of organisms
identification and their examples.
through trophic levels
(d) There is a progressive increase in biological activities
T4 through trophic levels

T3 13. Which of the following chemicals cause the thinning

T2
of layer P?
T1 Sunlight

(a) T1 —Herbivores—Deer (b) T 2 —Producers—Fungi Layer P

(c) T 3 —Omnivores—Bear (d) T 4 —Decomposers—Grass
10. Which of the following pyramid given below Earth
correctly represents the food chain?
(a) Sulphur dioxide (b) Nitrogen dioxide
(c) Chlorofluorocarbon (d) Carbon dioxide
Plants Plants
Caterpillars
14. Which of the following is the correct reaction
(a) (b) Toads
involved in formation of ozone layer?
Toads Caterpillars
(a) O2 ⎯UV
⎯⎯→ O + O; O + O2 ⎯→ O3
Snakes Snakes
(b) O + O ⎯→ O 2; O 2 + O ⎯→ O 3
(c) O 2 ⎯Infrared
⎯⎯⎯→ O + O; O + O + O ⎯→ O 3
(d) O 2 + O ⎯→ O 3; O 3 ⎯→ O 2 + O
Snakes Snakes
(c) (d)
15. Burning of waste products at high temperature to
Toads Toads form ash, reduces waste considerably. This method
Caterpillars Plants of waste disposal is called
Plants Caterpillars (a) composting (b) sewage treatment
(c) recycling (d) incineration

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! Assertion-Reasoning MCQs (i) The correct order of animals in food chain

operating in a river is
Direction (Q. Nos. 16-20) Each of these questions (a) W → X → Y → Z (b) Y → W → X → Z
contains two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R). (c) Z → X → W → Y (d) X → W → Z → Y
Each of these questions also has four alternative choices, any
(ii) If concentration of DDT in W is estimated to
one of which is the correct answer. You have to select one of
be 0.4 ppm, then amount of DDT in Y and Z
the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below. would respectively be
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (a) 0.02 ppm and 2 ppm
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation (b) 2 ppm and 0.02 ppm
of A (c) 0.3 ppm and 0.5 ppm
(c) A is true, but R is false (d) 0.04 ppm and 0.02 ppm
(d) A is false, but R is true
(iii). Due to biomagnification, which of the following
16. Assertion Biotic components of an ecosystem include all substances accumulate and go on concentrating
the living organisms present in that ecosystem. at each trophic level?
Reason Biotic components also include wind, gases, (a) Biodegradable substances
light, etc. (b) Non-biodegradable substances
(c) Biotic components
17. Assertion Food chains generally consist of more than (d) Abiotic components
four trophic levels.
(iv) The decomposers are not included in the food
Reason There is loss of energy at each trophic level chain. The correct reason for the same is
and very little usable energy remains after four trophic because decomposers :
levels. (a) act at every trophic level of the food chain
18. Assertion Producers are present at the first trophic level. (b) do not breakdown organic compounds
(c) convert organic material to inorganic forms
Reason Consumers or heterotrophs fix energy and make (d) release enzymes outside their body to convert
it available for autotrophs. organic material to inorganic forms
19. Assertion Certain pesticides and other chemicals used to (v) Which amongst the following are hazardous for
protect our crops from diseases and pests are the environment?
non-biodegradable. I. Pesticides II. Fertilisers
Reason They do not get accumulated at various trophic III. Heavy metals IV. Manures
levels. Codes
20. Assertion Ozone layer shields the surface of Earth from (a) I, II and IV (b) I and II
UV radiations. (c) I, II and III (d) Only IV
Reason The UV radiations are highly damaging to 22. Read the following and answer the questions
organisms. from (i) to (v) given below
Sheenu took three different types of solid wastes
!
Case Based MCQs R, S and T. She buried them under the soil in a
21. Read the following and answer the questions from (i) to pit, as she wanted to study their rate of
(v) given below decomposition. Her findings are shown in the
given graph.
A group of scientists analysed samples of four different
animals from a river for possible accumulation of DDT in
their body due to biomagnification. The result obtained
S
is shown in the given graph. Amount
of solid in pit
Z (grams)

R T
Amount Number of days
of DDT X
(in ppm) W (i) Which of the following waste does not
Y
decompose at all?
O (a) R (b) S
Animals (c) T (d) Both (a) and (c)

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(ii) Choose the correct statements regarding 6. Based on their feeding habits, differentiate between
non-biodegradable wastes. parasites and decomposers.
I. Easily decomposed by fungi. 7. What are trophic levels? Give an example of a
II. Enter into food chain and get magnified. food chain and state the different trophic levels in it.
III. Biological in origin. (NCERT)
IV. Cause soil pollution. 8. Number of trophic levels is limited to 3-4 in a food
Codes
chain. Give reason.
(a) I and II (b) II and IV
(c) I and IV (d) II and III 9. What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one
trophic level?
(iii) Which of the following solid waste comes under the
category of R? 10. State 10% law. Explain with an example how energy
(a) Cow dung (b) Leather shoes flows through different trophic levels.
(c) Plastic bottles (d) Electronic waste
11. Indicate the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Why it
(iv) Which of the following is the safe method of is unidirectional? (NCERT Exemplar)
disposal of the non-biodegradable waste?
(a) By recycling 12. What do you mean by biological magnification?
(b) By burning 13. What is biological magnification? Will the levels of
(c) By disposing them in water bodies this magnification be different at different levels of the
(d) By mixing with biodegradable waste ecosystem? (NCERT Exemplar)
(v) Incineration is another method of waste disposal 14. Write the major cause of ozone depletion. What steps
which is used for should be taken to limit the damage to ozone layer?
(a) kitchen waste
(b) electronic waste 15. Explain how ozone being a deadly poison can still
(c) biomedical waste perform an essential function for our environment.
(CBSE 2020)
(d) plastic waste
16. Give reason why a food chain cannot have more than
four trophic levels? (CBSE 2020)
PART 2 17. (i) Explain the role of UV radiation in producing ozone
Subjective Questions layer.
(ii) Mention the reaction involved.
(iii) Why is excessive use of CFCs a cause of concern?
!
Short Answer Type Questions
18. How is ozone formed in the upper atmosphere? State
1. Define an ecosystem. Draw a block diagram to show its importance. What is responsible for its depletion?
the flow of energy in an ecosystem. (CBSE 2019) Write one harmful effect of ozone depletion.
2. (i) What do you understand by the term ecosystem? (CBSE 2019)
(ii) Autotrophs are at the first level of food chain. Give 19. Give some methods that could be applied to reduce
reason. accumulation of pesticides in our body.
(iii) In a food chain of frogs, grass, insects and snakes, 20. How can you help in reducing the problem of waste
assign trophic level to frogs. To which category of disposal? Give any two methods.
consumers do they belong to? (CBSE 2020)
21. If all the waste we generate is biodegradable, will this
3. What is the role of decomposers in the ecosystem? have no impact on the environment?
(NCERT)
4. Natural water bodies are not regularly cleaned 22. Give any two ways in which non-biodegradable
substances would affect the environment.
whereas an aquarium needs regular cleaning. Why?
(CBSE 2019) 23. Why should biodegradable and non-biodegradable
5. How does study of food chain in an area or habitat wastes be discarded in two separate dustbins?
help us? Give an example of four steps of food chain 24. ‘Effective segregation of wastes at the point of
operating in a large lake. generation is very important’. Justify this statement.

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25. Sheenu went to a picnic where she saw a pond. Her 35. What is ozone and how does it affect any
teacher gives her an assignment to draw the pond ecosystem? (NCERT Exemplar)
ecosystem and show its different components. Help her 36. (i) What is ‘environmental pollution’?
to complete the assignment.
(ii) Distinguish between biodegradable and
26. Name the wastes which are generated in your house non-biodegradable pollutants.
daily. What measures would you take for their disposal? (iii) Choose the non-biodegradable pollutants
(NCERT Exemplar)
from the list given below
27. A modern insecticide has been introduced with Paper, DDT, Radioactive waste, Plastic,
certain new properties like, accumulation in the bodies Insecticides.
of predators, broken down by soil bacteria, easily
washed into lakes and rivers and taken up by plant roots. 37. Suggest any five activities in daily life, which are
eco-friendly. (NCERT Exemplar)
Among all these properties, which one will help in
reducing or keeping the level of environment pollution 38. What are the reasons for the shift from plastic to
to lowest? kulhads and then finally to paper cups?(CBSE 2020)
28. Mona eats curd and yogurt and follows vegetarian diet. ! Case Based Questions
For this food intake, what should be the trophic level
occupied by her in a food chain ? 39. Read the following and answer the questions
from (i) to (v) given below
! Long Answer Type Questions Food web is the interconnection of different food
29. What are decomposers? What will be the consequence of chains, which correlate at various trohpic levels
their absence in an ecosystem? (NCERT Exemplar)
operating in an ecosystem.

30. (i) What are consumers? What will be the consequence of Foxes
the absence of primary consumers in an ecosystem? Snake
Mice Rabbits
(ii) What will be the direction of energy transfer in each
of the following cases?
Seeds Young trees Grass
(a) Grasshopper eaten by a frog
Food web
(b) Deer feeds on grass
(c) Deer eaten by a lion (i) How many food chains are present in the given
31. (i) Will the impact of removing all the organisms in food web?
a trophic level be different for different trophic (ii) Name the primary consumer in the given food
levels? web.
(ii) Can the organisms of any trophic level be removed (iii) How much percentage of energy is less at each
without causing any damage to the ecosystem? trophic level?
(NCERT Exemplar)
(iv) If all the foxes are killed due to a disease, what
32. (i) ‘Energy flow in a food chain is unidirectional’. Justify will be your observations about food web?
this statement. (v) Name the organism in which accumulation
(ii) Explain how the pesticides enter a food chain and of toxic non-biodegradable substances is the
subsequently get into our body. (CBSE 2014) lowest.
33. (i) How do food chains get shortened? How does the 40. Read the following and answer the questions from
shortening of food chain affect the biosphere? (i) to (v) given below
(ii) How will you justify that vegetarian food habits give Food chains are very important for the survival of
us more calories? most species. When only one element is removed
34. Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on from the food chain it can result in extinction of a
the environment. (NCERT Exemplar) species in some cases.

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The foundation of the food chain consists of Analyse the populations and their effects on each other.
primary [Link] producers or
autotrophs can use either solar energy or chemical
energy to create complex organic compounds,
whereas species at higher trophic levels cannot
and so must consume producers or other life that
itself consumes producers.
Because the Sun's light is necessary for
photosynthesis, most life could not exist if the Sun
disappeared.
Even so, it has recently been discovered that
there are some forms of life, chemotrophs that
appear to gain all their metabolic energy from
chemosynthesis driven by hydrothermal vents,
thus showing that some life may not require solar
energy to thrive.
Food webs Food web
(i) How many trophic levels are there in the longest food
Secondary
carnivores chain?
(ii) What is the role of rabbit in the given food web?
(iii) Give the significance of food web.
(iv) Why do all food chain start with plants?
Primary
carnivores (v) What leads an organism to increase in number?
42. Read the following and answer the questions from (i) to
(v) given below
Herbivores To study the ozone layer depletion, Mrs. Sharma, a
science teacher draw the given flow chart on the
blackboard. She asked students to fill the bubbles
Producers labelled as 1-5 in the flow chart.
Grass
Ozone depleting
(i) If 10,000 J solar energy falls on green plants in a substances
terrestrial ecosystem, what percentage of solar
1
energy will be converted into food energy?
(ii) Why decomposers are not included in the food
chain? Formation of ozone Effects of ozone
depletion
(iii) How primary consumers are different from 2
Ozone Layer 5
primary carnivores?
(iv) State one reason that limits the number of trophic
levels in a food chain.
(v) In the given food web, name the organism in Where is it found? What is ozone?
which highest accumulation of toxic substance is
found. 3 4

41. Read the following and answer the questions from (i) What are ozone depleting substance?
(i) to (v) given below
(ii) How is ozone formed?
Each organism is generally eaten by two or more (iii) Ravi want to drawn a ozone layer in a diagram
other kinds of organisms. They in turn are eaten by showing different layers of atmosphere, where he
several other organisms. should label it?
Study the figure which shows the similar (iv) What is the difference between good ozone and bad
relationship between various organisms of ozone?
ecosystem through a food web. (v) What could be the effect of ozone depletion?

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