NOTES

This Pdf includes the notes for the

following chapters:

 Greetings and Introduction

 Understanding Sentences
 Introduction to Tenses
 Forms of Verbs
 Past Tense
 Good Manners
 Future Tense
 Answers for Worksheet (Week 1-2)
 Greetings and Introduction
Greetings are something friendly and polite you say you meet someone.
Greetings aise shabya aur anukool shabdh hote hai jinka prayog ham
tab krte hai jab ham kisise milte hai.
Hindi me ham Namaskaar bolkr logo to greet krte hai but english mein
alag alag samay ke anusaar alag alag tarha ki greetings krni hoti hai.
Chaliye dekhte hai english me logo ko Greet kaise krte hain :

Greetings in English based on time:

 Good Morning: When you Meet someone in the Morning (Sunrise

to 12 PM)
 Good Afternoon: When you meet someone in after 12 PM and
before 5 PM
 Good Evening: When you meet someone after 5 PM and before
Sunset
 Good Night : This is generally an ending Greeting, we can use at
the end of the day before we go to bed.

There are also some types of greetings we can use anytime. They are
not considered as formal as the above greetings but if you are not sure
about the time it's better to say Hi/Hello rather than using the wrong time
dependent greeting.
English me kuch aise greetings bhi hota hai jinko app kisi bhi samay use
krr sakte hai:
Hello/ Hi/ Hey

Greetings are generally followed up by a question that starts a

conversation, here are some frequently used follow up questions.
 How are you doing? - Kaise hai aap?
 How are you? - Kaise hai aap?
 Hey, what's up? - Kya haal hai?

 Pro Tips - Be calm and let the other person react to your
greeting and then take the conversation forward.

Greetings are not just words, greetings have a lot to do with your body
language and the way of expression. Here are some general tips and
tricks you can follow to be better at greetings:
  The Smile: whenever you greet someone make sure you put a
natural smile on your face, builds a strong connection.
 Your Posture: Have an open and welcoming posture
 Be clear and confident: Creates a good impression, increases
your respect in the eyes of the other person.
 The firm Handshake: Shows confidence, builds a stronger
connection.

Understanding sentences

What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a collection of words arranged in a particular order, so that

it makes sense.

Sentences have 3 parts:

 Subject
 Verb
 Panga

* Subject and verb are necessary for every sentence, Panga parts are
option parts which are added in order to add extra information in the
sentence.

Sentence Structure in spoken English = Subject + Verb + Panga

Types of Panga:

 Object
 Adjective
 Adverb
 Noun

All the sentences in English Language follow one of the following

patterns:

Subject - Verb
This type of sentence begins with a core sentence such as “Rohan
walks.” Here, “Rohan” is the subject and “walks” is the verb.

He Runs
They shouted

Subject - Verb - Object

These sentences begin with a core sentence such as “She is playing a

guitar.” In this sentence, “She” is the subject, “is playing” is the verb, and
“a guitar” is the object.

I am riding the bike.

Ram was watching the movie

Subject - Verb - Adjective

This type of sentence begins with a core sentence like “He is

handsome.” Here, “he” is the subject, “is” is the verb, and “handsome” is
the adjective.
My car is very beautiful.
Our lunch was delicious.

Subject - Verb - Adverb

These sentences begin with a core sentence such as “The girl walked
away.” In this sentence, “the girl” is the subject, “walked” is the verb, and
“away” is the adverb.

He talks very fast.

They are walking slowly

Subject - Verb - Noun

Sentences of this type begin with a core sentence such as “The

professor is a woman.” Here, “the professor” is the subject, “is” is the
verb, and “a woman” is the noun.

Seema is a singer
I am a public speaker
That car is a Maruti wagonR

Note - It is possible to have more than one subject and verb in one
sentence, you can add them using “ , “ and “AND”.
 Introduction to Tenses
Tenses are a method we use to refer to time in English language.

There are three primary tenses: Present, Past, Future

 Present Tense: Jo ho raha hai

 Past Tense: Jo ho chuka hai

 Future Tense: jo hone wala hai

Sentence 1 Sentence 2
Present Tense I work in a corporate office. They eat the apples.
Past Tense I worked as a fireman. They ate the apple.
Future Tense I will work as a pilot. They will eat the apples.

We can see that the subject and the Panga part remains the same
but the verb is changing.
In English language verbs change their forms in different tenses
and thus verbs become the identifier of tenses.

But if we look at verbs in the case of past tense “eat” become “ate” In
future tense the verb remains the same but a new word “will” is added.
But how do we know which verb is going to change into what?
Now every verb has different forms - Let's first talk about the two basic
forms of verbs.
 Forms Of Verbs
Every Verb has two forms: Simple Forms, Past Form

We use simple form of verbs for Present tense and Future tense, but
verb changes to past form while forming past tense sentences.

We discussed who different examples just now, if we compare both of

their past form we can see that one has -ed added to the main verb and
the other just changed the word entirely.
There are two types of verbs (Acche aur Naalayak) and they change
forms according to their types.

Note - Refer to the forms of verb PDF to understand the concept

better.

Past Tense
The Basic Sentence Structure will remain the same for Past tense as
well but there will be a slight change, the Verb is going to change to its
past form.

Therefore the Sentence structure for Past Tense becomes:

Subject + Verb (Past form) + Panga

Let's take an example

Mai kal College gya tha - we can see that

Subject - Mai / I
Verb - Gya tha / Go
Panga - Object - College

So we need to change the the verb now

Past for Go is Went, Therefore the sentence becomes “I went to the
college yesterday”
 Future Tense
The sentence structure for future tense also follows the similar patterns
with just an addition of “WILL” before the verb.

Therefore the sentence structure becomes:

Subject + will + Verb + Panga

For example “ Mai kal college jaunga”

Subject - Mai / I
Verb - Gya tha / Go
Panga - Object - College

Therefore, the sentence becomes “I will go to college tomorrow”.

Good Manners
 Please: Kisi ko request karne ke liye hum ‘please’ bolte hai
Example - Please pass me the water || Please do this work for me
|| Please reduce the volume

 ‘Thank you’ is dhanyawaad.

Example - Aapko bahut time se ek naya phone chahiye, aur aapke
bade bhai/behen ne aapke liye ye phone laaya.
Toh aap unhe kya bolenge?: Thank you so much for the phone. I
love it.

 Response to Thank you

Example - You are welcome || It’s alright || My pleasure

 Maafi mangna - Sorry

Example - Agar aapse koi dost ya pariwaar waale gussa ho jaye,
toh aap bolenge
“I am sorry, please forgive me”

 Sympathy - Sahanubhuti
Example - अगर किसी ररश्तेदार िा आिस्मिि किधि हो जाता है तो आप
उििे पररवार-गिोों िो िैसे सहािुभूकत दें गे? (I am sorry for your loss.)
 Excuse Me - Disturb karne ke liye
Example - Excuse me for a minute || Please excuse me, I have to
go to the toilet ||
 Answers to Worksheet for week 1-2

Q1-Underline the Subject and circle the Object/Panga in the following

sentences:

1. Subject: Radha

Object/Panga: Many question

2. Subject: You
Object/Panga: Pencil

3. Subject: David

Object/Panga: Paper plane

4. Subject: My sister
Object/Panga: Novel
5. Subject: You

Object/Panga: The Food

6. Subject: I

Object/Panga: Homework, the Radio

7. Subject: I

Object/Panga: My cell phone

8. Subject: The rain
Object/Panga: My window

9. Subject: I
Object/Panga: dollars

10. Subject: My aunt

Object/Panga: a burger
11. Subject: You

Object/Panga: That word

12. Subject: Raj

Object/Panga: Basketball

13. Subject: You

Object/Panga: the fish

Q2-Underline the Subject/subjects, verb/verbs or Object/Objects in the

sentence and specify S, V OR O above them respectively.

1. Subject : Mike, Rachel

Verb : Moved

Object/Panga : away

2. Subject : They

Verb : Call and email

Object/Panga : us
3. Subject : John

Verb : Swims and Jogs

Object/Panga : every day

4. Subject : Saurav and Harsh

Verb : visit

Object/Panga : them
5. Subject : Jay and Rosy
Verb : Moved
 Object/Panga : here

6. Subject : They
Verb : Speak and Read

Object/Panga : English

7. Subject : Isha, Raj and Mayank

Verb : wrote

Object/Panga : a play on romance

8. Subject : They

Verb : practiced and presented

Object/Panga : the play

9. Subject : We

Verb : Clapped and Smiled

Object/Panga : the end
10. Subject : The parents and principal

Verb : liked
Object/Panga : the play
11. Subject : He

Verb : grows
Object/Panga : carrots and tomatoes

12. Subject : He

Verb : Jumped and Shouted

Object/Panga : No Panga
 INTRODUCTION TO TENSES

Q1-Identify the tense of the verb:

1. Simple Past Tense

2. Simple Present Tense
3. Simple Past Tense
4. Simple Present Tense
5. Simple Past Tense
6. Simple Present Tense
7. Simple Present Tense
8. Simple Past Tense
9. Simple Present Tense
[Link] Past Tense
[Link] Past Tense
[Link] Present Tense
[Link] Past Tense
[Link] Past Tense
[Link] Present Tense
[Link] Past Tense
[Link] Present Tense
[Link] Present Tense
[Link] Present Tense
[Link] Present Tense

VERBS

Q1-Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verb from the box.

1. We all had to _____Smile______ and say cheese for the picture.

2. She likes to _____Skip_____ through the halls of the school.

3. I tried to _____Jump______ over the large puddle.

4. My aunt wants us to _____Sing____ in the chorus.
 5. Next year, we will _____Fly_____ home on the large plane.

6. Chef Jack will ___Flip______ the pancakes when they are ready.
7. I can’t wait to ____Draw_____ with the new markers I brought.

8. It is tough to go to ____Sleep_____ a night before Diwali.

9. Tommy will ___Bark______ if he can’t find his chew toy.

10. We will bake the cake, decorate it, then ____Eat___ it.

Q2-Choose the proper verb for each sentence:

1. (B) Began
2. (C) Broke
3. (A) Built
4. (C) Drew
5. (A) Held

Q3-Select the correct verb for each sentence:

1. Think
2. Tore
3. Swim
4. Stole
5. Rode
6. Brought
7. Saw
8. Sat
9. Bit
[Link]
 PAST TENSE

Q1-Fill in the blanks with the past form of verbs:

1. Sang
2. Scored
3. Baked
4. Wrote
5. Laughed
6. Drove
7. Broke
8. Thanked
9. Started
[Link]

Q2-Convert the sentences to the past form:

1. I walked to school.

2. I swam in the lake.

3. She was laughing at the picture.

4. They walked together.

5. I loved mangoes.
6. We began class at 10 am sharp.

7. My parents went to the movies.

8. Bhavya was at the supermarket.

9. You practiced basketball daily.

[Link] went to school.

Q3-Fill in the blanks with the past form of the verb:

1. Went, Watched, Ate

2. Helped, Was, Invited, Received, Listened, Danced
3. Travelled, Saw, Visited, Took

Good Manners

Q1-Select the correct answer from the box for each sentence:

1. Excuse me
2. Please
3. Thank you
4. Sorry
5. Nice to meet you
6. Sharing
7. Respect
8. Are you okay?
FUTURE TENSE

Q1-Fill in the blanks with the future form of verbs:

1. Will jump
2. Will complete
3. Will swim
4. Will water
5. Will play
6. Will buy
Q2-The verbs in each sentence are written wrongly. Change them into
Future tense:

1. Rina will go to school tomorrow.

2. I will celebrate my birthday next week.

3. We will open the window soon.

4. The headmaster will visit our class this afternoon.

5. We will play games after this class.

6. It will rain tonight.

7. I will study in grade 3 next year.

8. She will open the window soon.

9. We will start morning classes from next month.

[Link] headmaster will visit our class this afternoon.