PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1  It is any process that has the aims of enhancing

QUARTER 3 LECTURE knowledge, resolving doubt, or solving a

problem.
LESSON 1: NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH
 It is done through investigating or asking
IINQUIRY-BASED LEARNING questions about something.

According to Drayton & Falk (2001), the  Research is a systematic study of trend or event
following are the characteristics of classrooms where which involves careful collection, presentation,
teachers emphasized inquiry-based learning: analysis and interpretation of data or facts that
relates man’s thinking with reality.
• Inquiry is in the form of authentic (real-life)
problems within the context of the curriculum  It is a process of collecting, and critically
and/or community. analyzing data or information for specific
purposes.
• The inquiry capitalizes on student curiosity.
 It involves mental acts in ascertaining and
• Data and information are actively used,
scrutinizing the accuracy of results, claims or
interpreted, refined, digested and discussed.
conclusions about the topic.
• Teachers, students and teacher-librarian
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
collaborate.
 Research includes inquiry or investigation about
• Community and society are connected with the
the chosen topics. (these can be done through
inquiry.
asking questions with the use of interview or
• The teacher models the behaviors of inquirer. use of survey questionnaire.)

• The teacher uses the language of inquiry on an  Research mainly focuses on discovering new
ongoing basis. knowledge and applying it in various ways.

• Students take ownership of their learning. INQUIRY VS. RESEARCH

• The teacher facilitates the process of gathering INQUIRY

and presenting information.
o Act of inquiring; seeking of information by
• The teacher and students use technology to asking questions; interrogation; a question or
advance inquiry. questioning.

• The teacher embraces inquiry as both content RESEARCH

and pedagogy.
o Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise
• The teacher and students interact more facts, principles, theories, application, etc;
frequently and more actively than during laborious or continued search after truth.
traditional teaching.
o Discovering truths by investigation
• There is an identifiable time for inquiry-based
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE
learning.
 It helps in understanding life issues, problems
NATURE OF INQUIRY
and circumstance.
 Inquiry is a learning process that motivates you
 It helps in formulation of guiding principles that
to obtain knowledge or information about
govern a particular procedure.
people, things, places or events.
 It also helps in developing and testing new
theories that are contributing to the
advancement of one’s practical.
  Find answer to many questions to help the Now that the problem has been identified, the
society. researcher must learn more about the topic under
investigation. To do this, the researcher must review the
 Help understand a real problem and think of a
literature related to the research problem.
solution to it.
This step provides foundational knowledge
 Learn the vital skills for writing, love for reading,
about the problem area. The review of literature also
patience for analyzing and share valuable
educates the researcher about what studies have been
information.
conducted in the past, how these studies were
 Develop inquiry-based techniques. conducted, and the conclusions in the problem area.

 Enhance career skills. Step 3: Construction of Framework Many times, the

initial problem identified in the first step of the process
 Learn to discriminate and set apart different is too large or broad in scope. In step 3 of the process,
evidences through critical thinking or analysis. the researcher clarifies the problem and narrows the
 A way to prove lies and support truths. scope of the study. This can only be done after the
literature has been reviewed. The knowledge gained
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH through the review of literature guides the researcher in
Empirical/Experiential – research is based on direct the construction of framework and to better plan the
experience or observation of the researcher. next step.

Logical/Deductive – research is based on valid Step 4: Formulate Hypothesis

procedures and principles. Information gathered from the literature review
Cyclical/Moving in Cycles – research starts with a will now be useful in formulating the hypothesis that
problem and ends with a problem. will later be tested after the study is done particularly in
Quantitative Research.
Analytical/Coherent – research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering data, whether Step 5: Select Research Design
historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study. This step is the backbone of the research
Critical/Fault finding – research exhibits careful and process. It allows the researcher to know the need on
precise judgement. where to embark in planning the methodology. Here,
the researcher will specify the design to be used all
Methodical/Systematic – research is conducted in a throughout the study.
methodical manner without bias using systematic
method and procedures. Research projects can focus on a specific group
of people, facilities, park development, employee
Replicability/Duplicated – research design and evaluations, programs, financial status, marketing
procedures are repeated to enable the researcher to efforts, or the integration of technology into the
arrive at valid and conclusive results. operations. For example, if a researcher wants to
examine a specific group of people in the community,
RESEARCH PROCESS
the study could examine a specific age group, males or
Step 1: Identify the Problem The first step in the females, people living in a specific geographic area, or a
process is to identify a problem or develop a research specific ethnic group.
question. The research problem may be something the
Step 6: Select the sample Research projects can focus
agency identifies as a problem, some knowledge or
on a specific group of people, facilities, park
information that is needed by the agency, or the desire
development, employee evaluations, programs,
to identify a recreation trend nationally.
financial status, marketing efforts, or the integration of
Step 2: Review the Literature technology into the operations. For example, if a
researcher wants to examine a specific group of people
in the community, the study could examine a specific
age group, males or females, people living in a specific self-deception. Disclose personal or financial
geographic area, or a specific ethnic group. interests that may affect research.

Step 7: Collect Data 3. Integrity – keep your promises and agreements;

act with sincerity; strive for consistency of
Once the instrumentation plan is completed,
thought and action.
the actual study begins with the collection of data. The
collection of data is a critical step in providing the 4. Carefulness – avoid careless errors and
information needed to answer the research question. negligence; carefully and critically examine your
Every study includes the collection of some type of data own work and the work of your peers. Keep
—whether it is from the literature or from subjects—to good record of research, activities, such as data
answer the research question. Data can be collected in collection, research design, and correspondence
the form of words on a survey, with a questionnaire, with agencies or journals.
through observations, or from the literature.
5. Openness – share data, results, ideas, tools
Step 8: Analyze the Data resources. Be open to criticism and new ideas.

The researcher finally has data to analyze so 6. Respect for Intellectual Property – honor
that the research question can be answered. In the patents, copyrights, and other forms of
instrumentation plan, the researcher specified how the intellectual property.
data will be analyzed. The researcher now analyzes the
7. Confidentiality – protect confidential
data according to the plan. The results of this analysis
communications, such as papers or grants,
are then reviewed and summarized in a manner directly
submitted for publications, personnel records,
related to the research questions.
trade or military secrets or patient records.
Step 9: Write the research report
8. Responsible Publication – publish in order to
After revisiting the literature review, begin advance research and scholarship, not to
writing the results and findings of the study. The advance just your own career.
researcher should make sure that the presentation
9. Responsible Mentoring – help to educate,
should be aligned with the flow of research questions.
mentor, and advise students. Promote their
Step 10: Communicate the research report welfare and allow them to make their own
decisions.
All the time, effort, and resources dedicated to
steps 1 through 9 of the research processes culminate in 10. Respect for Colleagues – respect your
this final step. In this step, the researcher disseminates colleagues and treat them fairly.
the findings of the study be it through a paper
11. Social Responsibility – strive to promote social
presentation or publication.
good and prevent or mitigate social harms
ETHICS OF RESEARCH through research, public education and
advocacy.
1. Honesty – honestly report data, results,
methods and procedures, and publication 12. Non-Discrimination – avoid discrimination
status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misinterpret against colleagues or students on the basis of
data. sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors not related
to scientific competence and integrity.
2. Objectivity – strive to avoid bias in
experimental design, data analysis, data 13. Competence – maintain and improve your own
interpretation, peer review, personnel professional competence and expertise through
decisions, grant writing, expert testimony, and lifelong education and learning; take steps to
other aspects of research where objectivity is promote competence in science as a whole.
expected or required. Avoid or minimize bias or
14. Legality – know and obey relevant laws and
institutional and governmental policies.
15. Animal Care – show proper respect and care for
animals when using them in research.

16. Human Subjects Protection – when conducting

research on human subjects, minimize harms
and risks and maximize benefits; respect human
dignity, privacy and autonomy; take special
precautions with vulnerable populations; and
strive to distribute the benefits and burdens of
research fairly.

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