Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REGION VIII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF MAASIN CITY
Teacher: Juneil T. Cortejos Date: 03/15/2023
A Semi-Detailed Demonstration Lesson Plan in
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Science 11 for Senior High School
I Learning Competency:
Writing and Composition:
1. Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science theories:
a. Structural-functionalism
b. Marxism
c. Symbolic Interactionism
II Instructional Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, I can:
1. Apply the Marxism and symbolic interactionism theories; and
2. Relate the importance of socio - cultural, economic, and political conditions to Marxism
and symbolic interactionism theories.
III Subject Matter:
Topic: Marxism and Symbolic Interactionism Theories
References:
MODULE
Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Science Q1-Module 6
Materials: Laptop, Projector, printed papers
IV Developmental Processes:
A. Activity:
1. The teacher will present a video clip about our “Philippine Flag”.
Direction: Write your thoughts or reactions about the video. Write a minimum of 10 sentences. Use
a separate sheet of paper.
1. The teacher will ask about the activity.
B. Analysis:
1. Do you know what is the symbol of our flag?
2. Do you respect each others differences?
C. Abstraction:
1. The teacher will discuss about “The Major Social Science Theories”
Examples in Society
Societies are full of symbolic interactionism. And your interactions are different based on the society
in which you live. Additionally, many symbolic interactionism examples seen throughout society can be
subjective, based on your experiences with that particular symbol. Check out a few different society
examples of symbolic interactionism.
Philippine Flag
A horizontal flag bicolor with equal bands of royal blue and crimson red, with a white, equilateral
triangle at the hoist. In the center of the triangle is a golden-yellow sun with eight primary rays, each
representing a province of the Philippines. At each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed, golden-yellow
star, each of which representing one of the country's three main island groups—Luzon, Visayas (though
originally referring to Panay) and Mindanao. The white triangle at the flag represents liberty, equality, and
fraternity. A unique feature of this flag is its usage to indicate a state of war if it is displayed with the red
side on top, which is effectively achieved by flipping the flag upside-down.
Gender
Gender can be understood through symbolic interactionism because gender is a sociological
construct. For example, for the symbols attached to “males” and “females”, actions and looks are based on
what is believed is true from your interactions rather than what is objectively true. For example, women
might be seen as weaker than men. A man wearing a dress might be seen as feminine. These problematic
attributes lead to inequality and biases such as women getting paid less than men in the workforce.
Colorism
Race and ethnicity is another area where symbolic interactionism comes into play. This can
definitely be seen through the issue of colorism. In colorism, people of the same racial identification are
treated differently based on the lightness or darkness of their skin. For example, a study by Lance Hannon
on colorism demonstrated lighter-skinned Latinos "looked" smarter according to Caucasians.
Relationship Roles
Symbolic interactionism plays a big role in family and relationships. Your understanding of a word
or event changes based on interactions with it. For example, if you have a great relationship with your wife,
the word wife will be positive. However, if your relationship with your wife is rocky, the meaning behind
the word and what a wife symbolizes changes.
Rainbow
Societies’ meanings behind symbols can change and morph with time. One example of this is the
meaning of a rainbow. The rainbow has been seen as a Christian symbol of hope but another meaning of
rainbow is now associated with the LGBTQ community.
Meaning behind Symbolic Interaction
The way you see the world colors your understanding of it. Look no further than symbolic
interactionism to see how this is true. Interested to explore more about behaviors, check out operant
conditioning examples.
Operant Conditioning Examples
Operant conditioning is a learning process whereby deliberate behaviors are reinforced through
consequences. It differs from classical conditioning, also called respondent or Pavlovian conditioning, in
which involuntary behaviors are triggered by external stimuli.
With classical conditioning, a dog that has learned the sound of a bell precedes the arrival of food
may begin to salivate at the sound of a bell, even if no food arrives. By contrast, a dog might learn that, by
sitting and staying, it will earn a treat. If the dog then gets better at sitting and staying in order to receive the
treat, then this is an example of operant conditioning.
Operant Conditioning and Timing
The core concept of operant conditioning is simple: when a certain deliberate behavior is reinforced,
that behavior will become more common. Psychology divides reinforcement into four main categories:
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Extinction
Timing and frequency are very important in reinforcement.
A continuous reinforcement schedule (commonly abbreviated CRF) provides reinforcement for all
noted behaviors. That is, every time the behavior occurs, reinforcement is provided.
An intermittent reinforcement schedule (commonly abbreviated INT) reinforces some target
behaviors but never all of them. Think of it like a slot machine. You won't win on every pull of the lever, but
you do win sometimes, and that reinforces the behavior of pulling the lever.
Examples of Positive Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement describes the best-known examples of operant conditioning: receiving a
reward for acting in a certain way.
1. Many people train their pets with positive reinforcement. Praising a pet or providing a treat when
they obey instructions -- like being told to sit or heel -- both helps the pet understand what is desired and
encourages it to obey future commands.
2. When a child receives praise for performing a chore without complaint, like cleaning their room, they are
more likely to continue to perform that chore in the future.
3. When a worker is rewarded with a performance bonus for exceptional sales figures, she is inclined to
continue performing at a high level in hopes of receiving another bonus in the future.
Examples of Negative Reinforcement
Negative reinforcement is a different but equally straightforward form of operant conditioning.
Negative reinforcement rewards a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus, rather than adding a
pleasant one.
1. An employer offering an employee a day off is an example of negative reinforcement. Rather than giving
a tangible reward, they reduce the presence of something undesirable; that is, the amount of time spent at
work.
2. In a sense, young children condition their parents through negative reinforcement. Screaming, tantrums
and other "acting out" behaviors are generally intended to draw a parent's attention. When the parent
behaves as the child wants, the unpleasant condition - the screaming and crying - stops. That's negative
reinforcement.
3. Negative reinforcement is common in the justice system. Prisons will sometimes ease regulations on a
well-behaved prisoner, and sentences are sometimes shortened for good behavior. The latter in particular is
classic negative reinforcement: the removal of something undesirable (days in prison) in response to a given
behavior.
Examples of Punishment
In psychology, punishment doesn't necessarily mean what it means in casual usage. Psychology
defines punishment as something done after a given deliberate action that lowers the chance of that action
taking place in the future. Whereas reinforcement is meant to encourage a certain behavior, punishment is
meant to discourage a certain behavior.
1. An employee who misses work may suffer a cut in wages. The loss of income (an undesired consequence)
constitutes the punishment for missing work (an undesired behavior).
2. A sharp "No!" addressed to a pet engaging in unacceptable behavior is a classic example of punishment.
The shout punishes the pet, conditioning it to avoid doing wrong behavior in the future.
3. Punishments are commonly used in lab experiments. Most often, a lab animal is punished for a given
behavior with a mild electric shock. Just as there are examples of positive reinforcement and negative
reinforcement, there are also examples of positive punishment (like the ones above) and negative
punishment. With the latter, a positive situation is removed when an undesired behavior is performed. For
example, a parent may take a favorite toy away from a child who is misbehaving.
Examples of Extinction
Psychology defines extinction as the loss of conditioning over time when the conditioning stimuli are
no longer present. Over time, an animal (or person) will become less conditioned unless the stimuli that
conditioned them in the first place is reapplied.
1. An employee punished once for missing work, then never again, may become more likely to miss work
later on because they no longer expect to be punished for absence.
2. Animals often test the limits of their conditioning. For instance, a cat punished with a spray bottle every
time it climbs on a counter may come near the counter or jump on the counter when it believes no one is
around. If no punishment occurs, the cat is likely to keep jumping on the counter because the conditioning
against it is extinct.
3. In school, if a student receives a gold star for an excellent test score but does not receive more gold stars
in subsequent tests, he may become increasingly unmotivated to perform well in future tests. The operant
conditioning of the positive behavior (doing well on a test) is becoming extinct.
D. Application
Direction: Write PR if the statement refers to the Positive reinforcement, NR for Negative
reinforcement, PU for Punishment, and EX if it refers to Extinction. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
_______1. Telling another adult how proud you are of your child’s behavior while your child is listening.
_______2. In school, if a student receives a gold star for an excellent test score, but does not receive more
gold stars in subsequent tests, he may become increasingly unmotivated to perform well in future tests.
_______3. A teacher can eliminate that night’s homework if kids study hard and accomplish a lot in class.
_______4. Implementing more rules and restrictions when a teen misses curfew.
_______5. If your children cleaned their room without being asked, you could take them to the playground
as a reward.
_______6. A teen answers his phone in the classroom, interrupting the teacher. The teacher takes away his
phone for the rest of the day.
_______7. You are encouraging your child to put away their school things when they come home and you
see that your child hangs up their coat but forgets to put their lunchbox on the counter.
_______8. Adding extra sensitivity training to employees who offend or harass someone at work.
_______9. Imagine you sleep in the same room with someone who snores loudly. It keeps you awake every
night, and you’re exhausted. You buy a pair of earplugs and try sleeping while wearing them.
______10. Animals often test the limits of their conditioning. For instance, a cat punished with a spray bottle
every time it climbs on a counter may come near the counter, or jump on the counter when it believes no one
is around. If no punishment occurs, the cat is likely to keep jumping on the counter because the conditioning
against it is extinct.
V. Evaluation:
1. The teacher presents 5 questions in the screen.
Instructions: Answer each question.
1. Karl Marx proposed that society would be better if all classes would rise up and fight until there
was only one class of people. This is ____theory.
2. If I define teacher as a responsible individual who wears fuzzy sweaters and drinks coffee all
day, and so I behave that way, then that is an example of which sociological theory in practice?
3. Which theory says that society is a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain
balance?
4. He believed that all of history could be explained and was driven by class conflict.
5. Who had been the big influence to Karl Marx?
1. The teacher checks their answers after.
VI Assignment:
Direction: Write in brief your insights about the following. Do this in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Bourgeoisie
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2. George Herbert
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Herbert Blumer
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
4. Infrastructure
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5. Marxism
________________________________________________________________________________
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Prepared by: Checked by:
JUNEIL T. CORTEJOS EDGARDO A. BONAOY
Special Science Teacher I Master Teacher I
Submitted to:
JENNIFER C. VERGEL,EdD.
School Head