ANSWERS

Note: 30 The smallest angle of the triangle is of size 42°, to the

• For questions that do not stipulate a specific level of nearest degree.
rounding the answers given here have been rounded 31 AB is of length 8.1 cm, correct to one decimal place.
to a level considered appropriate for the question. 32 a ≈ 9.9 cm, ∠B ≈ 79°, ∠C ≈ 58°.
• If a question asks for an answer to be given ‘to the nearest 33 Ship B is approximately 15.9 km from ship A.
centimetre’ it does not necessarily have to be given ‘in
34 Ship Q is approximately 21.0 km from the lighthouse.
centimetres’ (unless that too is requested). In such a
situation an answer of 234.822 centimetres could be 35 To the nearest metre the height of the tower is 21 metres.
written as 235 cm or as 2.35 m, both answers being to 36 The parallelogram has diagonals of length 5.1 cm and
the nearest centimetre. 9.7 cm, correct to one decimal place.
37 The parallelogram has sides of length 6.8 cm and
Exercise 1B  PAGE 11 10.8 cm, correct to one decimal place.
1 a 24° b 49° c 53° 38 a When AC is 2.6 metres ∠CAB = 20°, to the
nearest degree.
2 a 168° b 163° c 147°
b When AC is 2.1 metres ∠CAB = 28°, to the
3 a 30°, 150° b 9°, 171° c 46°, 134°
nearest degree.
4 11.2 cm2 5 19.3 cm2 6 18.1 cm2
2 2
39 a 479 cm b 239 cm c 111 cm d 222 cm
7 27.7 cm 8 17.4 cm 9 138.6 cm2
40 a At 5 o’clock the distance between the tip of the
10 8.7 11 5.9 12 8.0 hour hand and the tip of the minute hand is
13 8.6 14 84.9 or 95.1 15 84.7 or 95.3 155 mm, to the nearest mm.
b At 10 minutes past 5 the distance between the tip
Exercise 1C  PAGE 20 of the hour hand and the tip of the minute hand is
119 mm, to the nearest mm.
1 58 2 12.3 3 54 or 126
41 a The ship is 1.77 km from the lighthouse, correct
4 14 5 75 or 105 6 126
to 2 decimal places.
7 6.7 8 75
b The ship is 1.17 km from the coastal observation
9 The pole is of length 614 cm, to the nearest position, correct to 2 decimal places.
centimetre.
42 The largest of the three angles is 98°, to the nearest
10 The two shot journey is 38 metres further than the degree.
direct route, to the nearest metre.
43 The height of the tower is 30 metres, to the nearest
11 59 12 14.4 13 43 14 111 metre.
15 44 16 62 17 11.9 18 146 44 Point B is 92 metres from point C (nearest metre).
19 The boat is then 13.4 km from its initial position, 45 h ≈ 20.0 cm, ∠H ≈ 64°, ∠I ≈ 61° or h ≈ 2.3 cm,
correct to one decimal place. ∠H ≈ 6°, ∠I ≈ 119°
20 After eight seconds Jim and Toni are 10.7 metres 46 To the nearest metre B is 141 metres from C.
apart, correct to one decimal place.
47 a 80° b 96° (nearest degree)
21 75 or 105 22 99 23 617
c 29.2 cm (1 dp) d 52.6 cm2 (1 dp)
24 5.39 25 135 26 80 2
48 a x = 244 – 240 cos θ b x2 = 277 – 252 cos φ
27 160 28 54
c 94°
29 The lengths of AC and BC are 672 cm and 824 cm
50 The second block has the greater area, by 15 m2
respectively, each answer given to the nearest cm.
(nearest square metre).

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 253

Exercise 1D  PAGE 28 Exercise 2A  PAGE 36

Answers to numbers 1 to 27 not given here. (You should 1 10.8 cm 2 60.3 cm 3 8.2 cm
have checked each one on a calculator.) 32π 25π 28π
5 6 4  cm 5  cm 6  cm
28 6 3 29 2 10 30 3 3 3
2 128π
31 2 13 32 5 2 7 24π cm2 8 11π cm2 9  cm2
3
Exercise 1E  PAGE 29 10 321 cm2 11 108 cm2 12 214 cm2
2 2
13 86 cm 14 30 cm 15 41 cm2
3
1 a 30° b 9
3 16 12(2π – 3 3) cm2 17 (3π − 2 2)  cm2
2
2 a 45° b 1
25
3 a 60° b 3 18 (5π – 3) cm2
3
4 a 120° b − 3 19 a 29.7 cm (1 dp) b 65.8 cm (1 dp)
5 a 135° b –1 20 18.3 cm
3 21 98 cm2 to nearest cm2 22 292 cm2 to nearest cm2
6 a 150° b −
3
23 59° 24 7.3 cm2
7 Gradient of line = tan θ, where θ is the angle or 25 Tip of minute hand travels 12π cm, tip of hour hand
inclination of the line. 2π
travels  cm.
3
Miscellaneous exercise one  PAGE 30
10 5 2
26 180, 1.85 km 27  cm, 6  cm
1 a 11x – 7 b x + 23 c 10x – 3 3 3
d 13 – 10x e 7x + 11 f 1 – 23x
2 2
g x + 8x + 15 h x – 2x – 15 i 2x2 + 11x + 15 Exercise 2B  PAGE 41
j 2x – 11x + 15
2
1 3 rads 2 1.5 rads 3 5 rads
2 a 2(x + 4) b 3(2y + 3) 4 2.5 rads 5 4 rads 6 4 rads
c 4a(4b + 3c + 2a) π π 5π
7  rads 8  rads 9  rads
d a(a + 1) e (x + 8)(x – 1) f (x – 8)(x – 1) 2 6 6
g (x + 7)(x – 2) h (x – 2)(x – 6) i (x + 4)(x – 4) 3π π π
10  rads 11  rads 12  rads
j 2(a + 3)(a – 3) 4 36 10
3 a 2 5 b 3 5 c 10 2 d 30 4π 13π
13  rads 14  rads 15 45°
9 18
e 3 5 f 18 2 g 21 10 h 19 + 6 2
16 60° 17 120° 18 180°
4 0.41, 2.35 m
19 15° 20 36° 21 35°
5 From ship B, ship A is 9.4 km away on a bearing of 315°.
22 70° 23 0.56 rads 24 1.10 rads
6 No it does not mean that both C and r and A and r are
in direct proportion. C and r are in direct proportion 25 2.01 rads 26 2.97 rads 27 0.28 rads
because a relationship of the form C = kr for constant 28 1.47 rads 29 1.82 rads 30 0.45 rads
k does exist (in this case k = 2π). 31 86° 32 132° 33 80°
A and r are not in direct proportion because the rule
1 1
linking them is not of the form A = kr. 34 34° 35 36
(In this case A = πr2 and so A and r2 are in direct 2 2
proportion.) 1 3
37 − 38 1 39
7 Twelve of the steel frameworks would require a total 2 2
of 260 metres of steel (to the next 10 metres). 1 1
40 41 42 − 3
2 2
1
43 0 44 Undefined 45 −
2

254 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330

 1 3 Miscellaneous exercise two  PAGE 50
46 − 47 − 48 0
3 2 2
1 a 2x + 5x – 3 b 3x2 + 17x – 28
1 3 2
c x + 7x + 7x – 15 d 2x3 – 9x2 + 7x + 6
49 50 0 51 0.84
2
2 3 5 2
52 –0.42 53 –0.75 54 0.14 2 a b c d 2 3
2 3 2
55 0.83 56 0.99 57 3.60
3− 5 3+ 2 5 −1
58 0.75 59 0.20 rads 60 1.37 rads e f g h 5− 2
4 7 2
61 0.34 rads 62 1.04 rads
3 The topmost point is 35 metres above ground (to the
π π nearest metre).
63 a 6π rad/sec b  rad/sec c  rad/sec
2 2 4 a 2.26 m b 1.26 m
64 a 1 rev/min b 22.5 rev/min c 10 rev/min 5 Ship B is approximately 30.8 km from ship A, on a
65 7.1 66 3.1 67 12.8 bearing N 69° W.
68 12.8 69 16.2 70 1.4 6 The block has an area of 5270 m2 and a perimeter of
π 4π 5π 11π 298 metres, both answers given to the nearest integer.
71 a  rad b  rad c  rad d  rad
2 3 3 6
π 3π π 13π
Exercise 3A  PAGE 56
72 a  rad b  rad c  rad d  rad
4 8 20 20 1 a, c, e 2 a, b, e
73 a (Line shown here not to full size.) 3 a {5, 7, 9, 11} b {8, 10, 12, 14}
c {1} d {y ∈: y ≥ 0}
B 12 10 8 6 4 2 A
4 a 18 b –7 c 13
(The units on the line AB occur every 0.915 cm, d 4 e 21 f 23
starting with zero at A.) g –27 h 5a – 2 i 10a – 2
b Yes. Each 1 cm on AB would represent 2 cm j 5a – 2 2
k 24 l 5(a + b) – 2
diameter, making calibration easier.
m 7 n –2
Exercise 2C  PAGE 45 5 a 9 b –7 c –3
d –3 e 43 f 13
1 4 cm 2 25 cm
g 13 h 3(4a – 7) i 12a – 7
3 13.9 cm (1 dp) 4 8 cm2
j 3(a2 – 12) k 9a2 – 12 l ±6
5 45 cm2 6 114 cm2
m 5 n –2 or 9
7 276 cm2 (nearest cm2) 8 31.6 cm2 (1 dp)
6 a Function cannot cope with x < 1.
9 39.1 cm2 (1 dp) 10 18 cm
b There are no numbers the function cannot cope
11 a 90 cm2 b 617 cm2
with.
12 a 8 cm b 5.1 cm2
c Function cannot cope with x = 0.
13 a 6 cm b 3.35 cm2
d Function cannot cope with x = 1.
14 80 cm2 15 0.37 cm2 16 81 cm2
7 a Function cannot output numbers less than zero.

17 84 cm2 18 26.6 cm2 19 16.6 cm2
b Function cannot output numbers less than one.

20 14.6 cm2 21 11.65 cm2
c Function cannot output zero.
22 a 120 cm b 16 mm
d Function cannot output zero.
23 770 mm2 24 16.4 cm 25 35%
8 {y ∈: 5 ≤ y ≤ 8} 9 {y ∈: –3 ≤ y ≤ 0}
26 269 m2 27 233 m2 28 125 cm
10 {y ∈: –6 ≤ y ≤ 15} 11 {y ∈: 20 ≤ y ≤ 40}
29 16 410 cm2 30 177 cm
12 {y ∈: –1 ≤ y ≤ 9} 13 {y ∈: –4 ≤ y ≤ 1}
31 a 5 cm b 2 cm
14 {y ∈: 0 ≤ y ≤ 9} 15 {y ∈: 0 ≤ y ≤ 16}
32 20.6 cm2 33 8.6 %
16 {y ∈: 1 ≤ y ≤ 10} 17 {y ∈: 0.25 ≤ y ≤ 1}
18 {y ∈: y ≥ 1} 19 {y ∈: y ≥ –1}

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 255

 20 {y ∈: y ≥ 4} 21 {y ∈: y ≠ 0} H: a (0, –3) b –2 c y = –2x – 3
22 {y ∈: y ≠ 1} 23 one-to-one  I: a (0, 4) b 0 c y = 4
24 one-to-one 25 many-to-one J: a (0, –3) b –0.5 c y = –0.5x – 3
26 many-to-one 27 one-to-one K: a (0, –0.5) b 1.5 c y = 1.5x – 0.5
28 one-to-one 29 Domain: , Range:  4 1 1 4
L: a (0,  ) b c y =  x +
30 Domain: , Range: {y ∈: y ≥ 0} 3 3 3 3
31 Domain:{x ∈: x ≥ 0}, Range:{y ∈: y ≥ 0} 2 a Points lie in a straight line.
Equation of line is y = 2x + 5.
32 Domain:{x ∈: x ≥ 3}, Range:{y ∈: y ≥ 0}
b Points lie in a straight line.
33 Domain:{x ∈: x ≥ –3}, Range:{y ∈: y ≥ 0}
Equation of line is y = 5x – 7.
34 Domain:{x ∈: x ≥ 3}, Range:{y ∈: y ≥ 5}
c Points do not lie in a straight line.
35 Domain:{x ∈: x ≠ 3}, Range:{y ∈: y ≠ 0}
d Points lie in a straight line.
36 Domain:{x ∈: x > 3}, Range:{y ∈: y > 0} Equation of line is y = x – 4.
e Points lie in a straight line.
Miscellaneous exercise three  PAGE 59
Equation of line is y = –2x + 10.
1 a x = 11 b x = – 5 f Points lie in a straight line.
2 {1, –1, –3, –5} Equation of line is y = 5.
3 For the domain –2 ≤ x ≤ 3 the range is –1 ≤ y ≤ 4. g Points do not lie in a straight line.
For the domain {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3} the range is h Points lie in a straight line.
{–1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}. Equation of line is y = 5x – 13.
4 a a2 + 2ab + b2 b a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 3 Equation Gradient y -axis intercept
c a3 + 6a2b + 12ab2 + 8b3 d a3 – 6a2b + 12ab2 – 8b3
y = 2x + 3 2 (0, 3)
5 a A function. One-to-one.
y = 3x + 4 3 (0, 4)
b A function. Many-to-one.
y = –2x – 7 –2 (0, –7)
c Not a function.
d A function. Many-to-one. y = 6x + 3 6 (0, 3)

e A function. One-to-one. 4 y = 4x + 6 5 y = –x – 5
f Not a function. 6 Lines B, D, E, F and G are in the family, the others
6 That part of triangle ABC not lying in any of the are not.
circles has an area of 4.3 cm2 (correct to the nearest 7 Lines A, D, E, G and H are in the family, the others
0.1 cm2). are not.
7 Ship B is approximately 7.3 km from C on a bearing 8 y = –4x – 3. Yes 9 y = 2x – 3. A, C, D
of 064°.
10 Written as y -axis
8 The block has an area of 6399 m2, to the nearest
Equation y = mx + c Gradient intercept
square metre.
2y = 4x – 5 y = 2x – 2.5 2 (0, –2.5)
9 240 litres
4y = 3x + 7 y = 0.75x + 0.75 (0, 1.75)
Exercise 4A  PAGE 68 1.75

1 A: a (0, 1) b 1 c y = x + 1 2 2
3y – 2x = 6 y =  x + 2 (0, 2)
B: a (0, –1) b 2 c y = 2x – 1 3 3
C: a (0, 0) b 0.5 c y = 0.5x 4 4
4x + 3y – 6 = 0 y = − x+2 − (0, 2)
D: a (0, 0) b –1 c y = –x 3 3

E: a (0, 6) b 3 c y = 3x + 6 3x + 5y = 8 y = –0.6x + 1.6 –0.6 (0, 1.6)

F: a (0, 2) b 0 c y = 2 11 a = 26, b = 40, c = –2
G: a (0, –3) b 1 c y = x – 3 12 d = 0.5, e = –1, f = –6, g = 1.5, h = 1, i = –5

256 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330

 13 a P and t are directly proportional. The rule is P = t. 7 a y = x + 3 b y = –4x – 1
b P and t are not directly proportional. c y = –3x + 43 d y = 2x – 1
c P and t are directly proportional. The rule is P = 4t. 1 5
e y =  x + f y = –2x + 4
d P and t are not directly proportional. 3 3
e P and t are directly proportional. 5
g y =  x + 4 h y = –5x + 5
The rule is P = 0.25t. 3
f P and t are directly proportional. 8 y = 2x – 1, B and E
The rule is P = 0.75t. 9 y = 0.5x + 2.5, f = 7, g = –2, h = 13, i = –2, j = 4.4.
g P and t are directly proportional. The rule is P = 0.5t. 10 (4, 0), y = –2x + 8
h P and t are not directly proportional. 11 (6, 0), y = 4x – 24
12 F = 1.8C + 32
Exercise 4B  PAGE 73
a 131°F b 257°F c 14°F
1 a (7, 9) b (5, 10) c (3, 5) d 15°C e 30°C f –40°C
d (–2, 1) e (–2, 3.5) f (12, 1) 13 A = 0.24N + 40
g (8, –5.5) h (0, 7.5) i (1, 1) 14 a A(–80, 20), B(120, 120), C(–100, 60), D(–60, –20),
2 a 2 b –4 c 2 E(100, 160), F(140, 80)
d 0.5 e –0.25 f –1 b ~224 m c y = 0.5x + 60
g –2 h 2.5 i 0.5 d y = –2x – 140 e y = –2x + 360
3 a 5 units b 5 units c 13 units 15 When t = 2, A = 3970. When A = 3850, t = 10.
d 25 units e 17 units f 10 units A = –15t + 4000
g 5 2  units (≈ 7.07 units) 16 C = 120T + 85
17 P = 4.5N – 3650
h 58  units (≈ 7.62 units)
a $3100 b $6925 c 812
i 61  units (≈ 7.81 units)
18 a 110, 540 b $1660
4 a 2 b 5  units (≈ 2.24 units) c (3.5, 7) 19 k = 0.2, L0 = 0.45, 5 cm.
5 a 1.6 b 89  units (≈ 9.43 units) c (1.5, 5)
6 –4 or 12 Exercise 4D  PAGE 81

7 a 82  km (≈ 9.06 km) 1 A and E, B and J, C and H, F and K, G and I.

b 7 2  km (≈ 9.90 km) 2 y = 2x – 5

c 2 10  km (≈ 6.32 km) 3 A and D, B and G, C and E, F and K, I and J.

5 1
8 Stage 1 gradient is 0.2, stage 2 gradient is  , stage 3 4 y = − x + 5
gradient is 2.5. 9 2
5 y = 3x + 5
Exercise 4C  PAGE 76 6 a Point B has coordinates (2, –1).
1 A: y = –3, B: y = 1, C: y = –0.5x + 5, D: x = 5, E: y = x + 3, b The required equation is y = 2x – 5.
F: y = 9, G: x = –3, H: y = 3x + 2, I: x = 7, J: y = x
2 y = 0 3 x = 0 Miscellaneous exercise four  PAGE 82

4 y = 3x + 4, Yes 5 y = 0.5x + 2, D and E 1 A, C, E, F, H, I, J, L

6 a y = x + 2 b y = –x + 5 2 A does not, B does not, C does, D does not, E does.
c y = –2x + 8 d y = 5x + 8 3 F does, G does, H does not, I does not, J does.
e y = 0.5x + 5 f y = –0.5x – 1.5 4 a 11 b –1 c 23 d –8
1 4 e –28 f 14.5 g 12 h –21
g y = 1.5x – 11.5 h y = − x +
3 3 i 7m – 15 j m = 6 k p = 5 l q=7
m r = –3 n s = 4.5

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 257

 5 a (3, –5) b (–1, 4) 12 a,b Check your answers with those of others in
6 a Domain: , Range:  your class and with your teacher.
b Domain: {x ∈: x ≥ 5}, Range: {y ∈: y ≥ 0} c Check your sketch with a graphic calculator
display of the function.
c Domain: , Range: {y ∈: y ≥ 0}
d The greatest rectangular area is 50 m2, dimensions
d Domain: {x ∈: x ≠ 5}, Range: {y ∈: y ≠ 0}
are 5 m by 10 m (x = 5, y = 10).
e Domain: {x ∈: x ≠ 5}, Range: {y ∈: y > 0}
13 a (2.5, 11.25) b 10
f Domain: {x ∈: x > 5}, Range: {y ∈: y > 0}
c Concave down
8 a = –1, b = 4, c = 9, d = 19, e = 29, f = 11, g = 99.
14 a $590 000 b $545 000
25
9 (2 3 − π)  cm2 c t = 10, $530 000
2
15 The maximum value of h is 122.5 and it occurs when
t = 5.
Exercise 5B  PAGE 90
16 a Concave up
1 A: y = x2 + 1, B: y = x2 – 2, C: y = x2 – 4, b The bridge is 15 m above water level.
D: y = (x – 3)2 + 1, E: y = (x + 3)2 – 4, F: y = (x – 2)2 – 3 c x = 40
2 G: y = –x2, H: y = –x2 + 3, I: y = –(x – 3)2, d From D to C is 40 metres.
J: y = –(x + 3)2 + 1
e From D to E is 80 metres.
3 K: y = 2x2 – 2, L: y = 2(x – 3)2, M: y = 2(x + 2)2,
N: y = 2(x – 3)2 – 2 f From D to A is 30 metres.
4 a y = 3(x + 1)2 – 4 b y = –2(x – 3)2 + 8 17 a Concave down
1 1 b At the midpoint of the bridge x = 150
c y = (x – 4)2 – 3 d y = − (x + 2)2 + 10 c The vertical strut one quarter of the way along the
2 2
bridge is 10 m long.
Exercise 5C  PAGE 97 d Maximum clearance is
i 54 m at low tide ii 46m at high tide
For questions 1 to 10 the sketches, not shown here, should
be consistent with the information obtained in earlier parts
of the question. Exercise 5D  PAGE 102

1 a x = –1 b min at (–1, –4) c (0, –3) 1 Quadratic. y = x2 + 6x + 5

2 a x = 3 b min at (3, 5) c (0, 14) 2 Neither.
3 a x = 1 b max at (1, 3) c (0, 1) 3 Quadratic. y = x2 + x + 3
4 a (0, 21) b (3, 0) and (7, 0) 4 Linear. y = 5x + 1
c x = 5 d min at (5, –4) 5 Quadratic. y = x2 + 2
5 a (0, –12) b (–4, 0) and (3, 0) 6 Linear. y = πx + π
c x = –0.5 d min at (–0.5, –12.25) 7 Neither.
6 a (0, 8) b (–2, 0) and (–4, 0) 8 Quadratic. y = x2 + 5x + 4
c x = –3 d min at (–3, –1) 9 Linear. y = 8x + 3
7 a x = –2 b min at (–2, –16) c (0, –12) 10 Quadratic. y = 2x2 + 3
8 a x = 3 b min at (3, –8) c (0, 1) 11 Quadratic. y = 3(x – 2)2 + 1
9 a x = 1 b max at (1, 3) c (0, 1) 12 Quadratic. y = –(x – 3)2 + 5
10 a x = 2 b max at (2, 5) c (0, –3) 13 a Length of
11 a,b Check your answers with those of others in side of cube 1 2 3 4 5 6
your class and with your teacher. (L units)
c Check your sketch with a graphic calculator Surface area
display of the function. of cube 6 24 54 96 150 216
d The greatest rectangular area is 49 m2, dimensions (n units2)
7 m by 7m (i.e. a square).
b Quadratic c n = 6L2

258 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330

 14 a Number of
rows of cans 1 2 3 4 5 6
(r)
Number of
1 3 6 10 15 21
cans (n)

b Quadratic c n = 0.5r2 + 0.5r

Exercise 5E  PAGE 107

2
1 y = (x + 2) – 5, min (–2, –5)
2 y = (x – 3)2 – 7, min (3, –7)
3 y = (x – 4)2 – 6, min (4, –6)
4 y = (x + 3)2 – 6, min (–3, –6)
5 y = (x – 1.5)2 – 0.25, min (1.5, –0.25)
6 y = (x – 2.5)2 – 3.25, min (2.5, –3.25)
7 y = –(x – 5)2 + 24, max (5, 24)
8 y = 2(x – 3)2 – 15, min (3, –15)
9 y = –2(x – 2)2 + 12, max (2, 12)
10 y = 2(x + 1.25)2 + 0.875, min (–1.25, 0.875)

Miscellaneous exercise five  PAGE 108

1 a 31 b 1 c 44
2 a Concave down
b Concave up
c Concave down
3 a = 1, b = –1, c = –13, d = 0, e = 9, f = 0.
1 1
4 a − b −
2 3
c 5 d y = 2x + 7
5 a (0, 3) b (1, 0), (3, 0)
c x = 2 d min at (2, –1)

6 Turning point
Equation Cuts y-axis Line of symmetry Coordinates Max or min?
y = x2 + 4x + 1 (0, 1) x = –2 (–2, –3) min
2
y = x – 2x – 1 (0, –1) x=1 (1, –2) min
2
y = 2x + 4x – 3 (0, –3) x = –1 (–1, –5) min
2
y = 2x + 6x – 1 (0, –1) x = –1.5 (–1.5, –5.5) min

7 a x = – 3 b (–3, –4)
c x = –1 d (–1, –1)
8 A: x = 4, B: y = –3, C: y = x, D: y = x + 2, E: y = 2x + 4,
F: y = –x, G: y = 0.25x + 4, H: y = 0.5x + 1, I: y = –0.5x – 1
9 I: y = (x – 1)(x – 3), II: y = (x + 2)(2 – x),
III: y = – (x + 1)(x + 3), IV: y = (x + 1)(x + 3)

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 259

 10 a Rule: y = 3x + 4 35 x = –1, x = 2.5 36 x = –7, x = 0.2
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2
37 x = –3.5, x = 3 38 x = , x = 2.5
3
y 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28

39 x = 0.4, x = 0.5
b Rule: y = 2x – 1
40 The number is either –10 or 3.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 41 The number is –5.
y 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 42 When the object hits the ground again h = 0 and t = 8.

c Rule: y = –2x + 17 43 t = 2 44 p = –3 or p = 11

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Exercise 6B  PAGE 123
y 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
1 x = –0.77, x = 0.43 2 x = –2.30, x = 1.30
d Rule: y = 5x – 1 3 No real solutions 4 x = –2.82, x = –0.18
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 x = –1.74, x = 0.34 6 x = –1.47, x = 0.27
y 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39 7 t = 13.8 8 p = 0.22 or 2.78

9 No real solutions 10 Two real solutions
e Rule: y = 3x – 2
11 No real solutions 12 One real solution
x 3 8 1 6 7 4 5 2
13 One real solution 14 Two real solutions
y 7 22 1 16 19 10 13 4 15 Two real solutions 16 No real solutions

2
11 y = 3(x – 2) + 3 17 One real solution 18 x ≈ –2.7, x ≈ 0.7
12 a 8 m b 5 m c 3.34 m d 4.58 m 19 x ≈ –5.3, x ≈ 1.3 20 x ≈ 0.4, x ≈ 3.6
13 a I 300 cm 2
II 300 cm 2 21 No real solutions 22 x ≈ –5.7, x ≈ –0.3
III 600 cm 2
IV 55 cm 2 23 x ≈ –0.2, x ≈ 4.2 24 x = 2.13, x = 9.87
b 256 cm 25 No real solutions 26 x = 7.87, x = 0.13
27 x = –7.65, x = 0.65 28 x = –4.19, x = 1.19
Exercise 6A  PAGE 117 29 x = 1, x = –1.5 30 x = 1 ±  6
1 x = –5, x = 3 2 x = –8, x = –9 31 x = 3 ± 2 2 32 x = –5 ± 4 2
3 x = 5.5, x = –5 4 x = ±5 5 35 5 13
5 x = ±7 6 x = ±10 33 x = − ± 34 x = − ±
2 2 6 6
7 x = –5, x = –4 8 x = –5, x = 4
1 21
9 x = 4, x = 5 10 x = –4, x = 5 35 x = − ± 36 x = 1.56, x = –2.56
10 10
11 x = –7, x = 5 12 x = –3, x = –1 37 x = 4.11, x = –0.61 38 x = 2.18, x = 0.15
13 x = –6, x = –1 14 x = –7, x = –3 39 x = 4.41, x = 1.59 40 x = 3.19, x = –2.19
15 x = –5, x = –3 16 x = –2, x = 6
3 5
17 x = –1, x = 5 18 x = 0, x = 4 41 x = 0.76, x = –1.09 42 x = − ±
2 2
19 x = –7, x = 2 20 x = ±6
7 3 5 1 41
21 x = –3 22 x = –1, x = 4 43 x =  ± 44 x = − ±
2 2 4 4
23 x = 4 24 x = –5, x = 3
5 37 1 101
25 x = 0, x = 3 26 x = 3, x = 4 45 x =  ± 46 x = − ±
6 6 10 10
27 x = –12, x = 2 28 x = ±1.5
2
29 x = ±0.2 30 x = –3, x = 5 47 x = –1 ±  48 2 real roots
2
31 x = 3 32 x = 5
49 no real roots 50 2 real roots
2
33 x = 1.5, x = –4 34 x = –4, x =  51 2 real roots 52 1 real root
3
53 no real roots

260 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330

Miscellaneous exercise six  PAGE 125 4 The graph of y = x3 + 1 is that of y = x3 translated up
1 unit.
1 The number could be –5 or it could be 3.
1 1
2 A: y = –x + 60, B: y = 60, C: y = 2x – 60, D: x = 60, 5 The graph of y =   is that of y =   translated
x −1 x
E: y = –2x + 30, F: y = 0.5x + 30
1 unit to the right.
3 a AD is of length 6 units. DB is of length 6 units.
6 The graph of y =  2 x  is that of y =  x  dilated parallel
The straight line through A and B has a gradient
to the y-axis, scale factor 2.
of 1.
7 The graph of y = (x – 3)2 is that of y = (x + 4)2
b DE is of length 8 units. EC is of length 4 units.
translated 7 units right.
The straight line through D and C has a gradient
8 The graph of y =  x − 2  + 1 is that of y =  x
of 0.5.
translated 2 units right and 1 unit up.
c The straight line through D and F has a gradient
3 1
of 0.75. 9 The graph of y =   is that of y =   translated
x −1 x
4 a = 1, b = 1, c = 2, d = 77, e = 77, f = –1 or 3
1 unit to the right and dilated parallel to the y-axis,
5 15 cm by 2.4 cm. scale factor 3.
6 11.2 cm2 10 a B and F b D
7 A: y = x2 – 1, B: y = (x – 7)2, C: y = (x + 9)2 + 2, c C, E, G and H d H
D: y = (x + 5)2 – 8, E: y = –(x – 4)2 + 1,
e C → E, G → H f A → C, E → G, H → I
F: y = 2(x – 10)2, G: y = 4(x + 5)2 – 3, H: y = –2(x + 10)2
11 A(0, 10), B(–0.51, 0), C(3.08, 0), D(6.42, 0), E(1, 17),
8 8.3 cm
F(5, –15), G(3, 1)
9 11.49
12 a When P = 40, V = 10.
b When P = 20, V = 20.
Exercise 7A  PAGE 134
c Volume cannot be negative. With a non zero mass
1 a (0, 1) b (0, –5) c (0, 8) there must be some volume.
d (0, 6) e (0, 2) f (0, 3) Thus V > 0 would be a suitable domain for V.
2 a (2, 0), (3, 0), (4, 0) b (–7, 0), (1, 0), (5, 0) 13 a = 4, b = 0.5, c = 4, d = 2, e = 3, f = 1, g = 3, h = –0.5, i = 3
c (2.5, 0), (–1, 0), (0.6, 0) d (1, 0), (–1, 0), (7, 0) 2
A(0, 8), B(–2, 0), C(0, 7), D(0, 2), E( , 0), F(–3, 0),
e (0, 0), (0.25, 0), (3.5, 0) f (–1, 0), (5, 0) 3
G(0, 9), H(0, 4), I(4, 0)
g (–3, 0), (0, 0), (3, 0) h (–5, 0), (0, 0), (3, 0)
3 (2.20, 0) Exercise 7C  PAGE 145
4 a k = –6 b (–6, 0), (–2, 0), (3, 0)
1 a Reflect in the x-axis.
5 a 0 b 0
b Dilate parallel to the x-axis, scale factor 0.25.
c –12 d 0, (x – 6)(x + 1)(x – 1)
c Dilate parallel to the y-axis, scale factor 4.
6 a –8 b 0
2 a Reflect in the x-axis.
c 0, (x – 2)(x – 3)(x – 5)
b Translate 5 units down.
7 a a = 1, c = –5 b b = –4
c Dilate parallel to the x-axis, scale factor 2.
2
c (–1, 0), ( , 0), (5, 0) 3 a Translate 3 units right.
3
b Dilate parallel to y-axis scale factor 3.
1
Exercise 7B  PAGE 139
(Or: Dilate parallel to x-axis scale factor  )
3
1 B: y =  x − 3 , C: y =  x  + 4, D: y =  x + 3  – 5 1
c Dilate parallel to x-axis scale factor .
1 1 1 3
2 a y =   + 1 b y =   + 2 c y =   – 1
x x x (Or: Dilate parallel to y-axis scale factor 9.)
1 1 1
3 a y =  b y =  c y = 
x +1 x −3 x −1

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 261

 4 a y e y
4
4
3
3
2
1 2
1
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
–2 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x
–3 –1
–4 –2
–3
b y –4
4
3 f y
2 4
1 3
2
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x
–1 1
–2
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x
–3 –1
–4 –2
–3
c y –4
4
3 5 a 1 b 1.5 c 2 d 3
2 e y
1 4
3
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x 2
–1
–2 1
–3
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x
–4 –1
–2

d y –3
4 –4
3
2
f y
1 4
3
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x
–1 2
–2 1
–3
–4 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x
–1
–2
–3
–4

262 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330

 g y 4 a x2 + y2 – 6x – 10y = –9
4 b x2 + y2 + 4x – 2y = 2
3 c x2 + y2 + 6x + 2y = –6
2 d x2 + y2 – 6x – 16y = –45
1 5 a 5, (0, 0) b 0.6, (0, 0) c 5, (3, –4)
d 10, (–7, 1) e 3, (3, –2) f 5, (–1, 3)
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x
–1 g 10, (–1, 7) h 15, (–5, 7) i 12, (10, 5)
–2 j 2, (0.5, –2.5)
–3
6 5 7 y = –11x + 29
–4
8 (x – 3)2 + (y – 4)2 = 36 9 (x + 4)2 + (y + 3)2 = 9
10 a (y – 2)2 = x b y2 = x + 4
h y c (y – 1)2 = x – 2 d (y + 2)2 = x – 3
4
3 11 a 15
2 b The circles have just one point in common
1 because the distance between the centres equals
the sum of the radii.
–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8x
–1
–2 12 a 2 5
–3 b The circles have no points in common because the
–4 distance between the centres exceeds the sum of
the radii.
i y 13 (1, –2) and (8, 5) 14 (–2, 7) and (–10, 5)
4
15 (5, 10) 16 a < 26
3
2 Miscellaneous exercise seven  PAGE 152
1 1 a y = 0.5(x + 3)(x – 2)(x – 4)

–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4x
b y = 2(x + 2)2(x – 4)
–1
2 a x = 2 ± 10 b x = 2 ± 10
–2
3 Centre at (–3, 5), radius 7
–3
4 a 4 b 16 c 64 d 0 and 1
–4
5 f2 gradient 2.5,  f4 gradient –2
6 y = 0.4x – 7
6 A: III, B: X, C: IX, D: VI, E: I, F: II 7 a x = –7, x = 2.25, x = 2.5
7 a (1, 0), (7, 0), (10, 0) b (–1, 0), (2, 0), (3.5, 0) b x = –5.25, x = –1.5, x = 7
c (–2, 0), (4, 0), (7, 0) d (–7, 0), (–4, 0), (2, 0) c x = 3
e (2, 8) f (5, 1) d No real solutions.
8 a Statements A and C b Statements B and D
Exercise 7D  PAGE 149
c Statements B and D d Statements A and C
1 A, C, D e Statement A f Statements A and C
2 x2 + y2 = 100, a = 8, b =  91, c = –10, d = −5 3 g Statements B and D h Statement B
3 a (x – 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 25 9 a x = –9, x = 3.5 b x = 2, x = 6
b (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 49 c x = –1, x = 0.6 d x = –11, x = 0.8, x = 7
c (x + 10)2 + (y – 2)2 = 45 e x = –5, x = 1, x = 3 f x = –5, x = –2, x = 1.5
d (x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 36

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 263

 10 a Cubic b Quadratic In the graph of y = a sin [b(x – c)] changing the value of c
c None of the listed types d Cubic translates the graph horizontally.
e Reciprocal f Linear In the graph of y = a sin [b(x – c)] + d changing the value
of d translates the graph vertically.
11 a c = 4 b b = –5 c (x – 3)(x – 1)(x – 4)
Discuss your findings for the cosine and tangent function
12 a If x is doubled in value m must be halved in value
with others in your class.
if the system is to remain in balance.
b The relationship between x and m is one of Exercise 8B  PAGE 165
inverse proportion.
If x is multiplied by some factor k then m needs 1 a 1 b 2 c 4 d 3
1 e 2 f 3 g 5 h 3
to be multiplied by .
k 2 a 360° b 180° c 360° d 180°
c If m = 20 then x must be 0.5 for the system to e 720° f 120° g 90° h 1080°
balance. i 180°
d For the system to balance x cannot take negative π
values, it cannot be zero and, from the length of 3 a 2π b π c 2π d
2
the beam, x cannot exceed 3. Hence the domain
consists of all real numbers greater than 0 and less π 2π
e f g 4π h π
than or equal to 3, i.e. {x ∈: 0 < x ≤ 3}. 3 3
For this domain the rule will output m values such
i 0.5
10
that m ≥  . Hence the range consists of all real π 3π
3 4 a Max at ( , 1). Min at ( , –1).
10 2 2
numbers greater than or equal to  ,
3 π 3π
10 b Max at ( , 3). Min at ( , 1).
i.e. {m ∈: m ≥  }. 2 2
3
13 The triangular piece that has been removed has an 3π π
c Max at ( , 1). Min at ( , –1).
area of 752 mm2 and a perimeter of 128 mm, both 2 2
answers given to the nearest whole number. π 5π
d Max at ( , 4) and at ( , 4).
4 4
Exercise 8A  PAGE 162
3π 7π
Min at ( , 2) and at ( , 2).
1 4 2 3 3 6 4 5 4 4
5 4 6 4 7 3, 6 8 3, 2 3π 7π
e Max at ( , 4). Min at ( , 2).
9 4, 5 10 2, 3 11 3, 2.5 12 1, 4 4 4
5 a 3, 90° b 2, 120° c 2, 60° d 3, 270°
Investigation  PAGE 163 π 3π 11π π
6 a 3,  b 5,  c 2,  d 3, 
In the graph of y = a sin x the amplitude is a, or to be more 4 2 6 6
correct |a|. 7 a 2 b 3
Changing the value of a changes the amplitude. The graph c –3 d Approx. –1.3
is stretched (or compressed) vertically. (If a changes sign 8 a 3 b –2
the graph reflects in the x-axis.)
9 a 2 b –1
The graph of y = a sin bx performs b cycles in the interval
that y = sin x would perform 1 cycle. 2π
10 a 2, 3 b –3, 2 c 2, 6 d 3, 
3
2π 360
The period of the graph is  , if radians are used, or  π
b b 11 a 1, 2 b –3, 3 c –3, 2 d 2, 
for degrees. 2
Changing the value of b changes the period. The graph is 12 a a = 2, b = 30, 390 b y = – 2 sin (x – 210)°
stretched or compressed horizontally. 13 a Period 2, Amplitude 3.

264 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330

 b y π π
19 sin  20 –sin  21 –cos 80°
3 5 5
2 22 –cos 20° 23 cos 60° 24 cos 60°
1 π π π
25 –cos 26 –cos 27 –cos
x 5 10 10
1 2 3 4 5 6
–1 π
–2 28 cos 29 –tan 80° 30 tan 20°
10
–3
π
31 –tan 60° 32 tan 20° 33 tan
14 a Period 4, Amplitude 5. 5
b y π π π
34 –tan 35 tan 36 –tan
6 5 5 5
4 3 1 1
37 − 38 39 −
2 2 3 2
x 3
–2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 40 0 41 0 42
2
–4
1 1 1
–6 43 − 44 − 45 −
2 2 2
15 y = 2 tan x 3 1 1
y = 2 tan (x + 45°) 46 − 47 48 −
y 2 3 2
4 1
3 49 50 0 51 1
2 2
1 1
52
x 2
–1 90° 180° 270° 360°
–2
–3
–4
Exercise 8D  PAGE 177

1 60°, 300° 2 210°, 330° 3 45°, 225°

16 y = 3 sin 2x
π 3π 3π 5π
y = 3 sin [2(x – π )] 4 225°, 315° 5 , 6 ,
y 6 4 4 4 4
3 3π 7π π 4π
7 , 8 , 9 ± 30°
2 4 4 3 3
1 10 –90° 11 –30°, 150° 12 0°, ± 180°
π 2π 2π π 5π
π π 3π
x 13 , 14 ± 15 ,
2π 3 3 3 6 6
–1 2 2
–2 π
16 ± 17 π + 0.98 18 ± 116.1°
2
–3
π 11π 13π 23π
19 15°, 105° 20 , , ,
Exercise 8C  PAGE 172 24 24 24 24
1 Positive 2 Positive 3 Negative π π 7π 4π
21 –70°, 10°, 50° 22 , , ,
6 3 6 3
4 Negative 5 Negative 6 Negative
5π 7π 17π 19π 29π 31π
7 Positive 8 Positive 9 Positive 23 , , , , ,
18 18 18 18 18 18
10 Negative 11 Negative 12 Negative
π 5π 3π
13 sin 40° 14 –sin 70° 15 –sin 20° 24 , , 25 45°, 135°, 225°, 315°
6 6 2
π π
16 sin 80° 17 sin  18 –sin  π 5π
6 6 26 ± , ± 27 0°, ±60°, ±180°
6 6

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 265

 π 5π 23π Tidal motion  PAGE 187
28 ± , ± π 29 ,
3 12 12 Compare your answers to those of others in your class.

Exercise 8E  PAGE 180 Miscellaneous exercise eight  PAGE 188

5π π 1 Amplitude 5, Period 2π.
1 14.5°, 165.5° 2 ± , ±
6 6
2 Amplitude 7, Period 2π.
π π π 5π 3π
3 4 , , , 3 Amplitude 3, Period 2π.
2 6 2 6 2
2π
5 0°, 180°, 210°, 330°, 360° 4 Amplitude 1, Period  , i.e. π.
2
6 11.5°, 120°, 168.5°, 240°
2π
π 2π 4π 5π 5 Amplitude 1, Period  .
7 , , , 3
3 3 3 3
2π
8 –135°, –63.4°, 45°, 116.6° 6 Amplitude 1, Period  , i.e. 4π.
0.5
9 ±60° 2π π
π π 5π 13π 5π 17π 7 Amplitude 3, Period  , i.e.  .
10 , , , , , 4 2
6 2 6 6 2 6 2π
8 Amplitude 4, Period  .
5
Exercise 8F  PAGE 185
2π
9 Amplitude 2, Period  . i.e. 2.
1 sin 3x 2 cos 2x 3 sin 4x π
2( 3 + 1) 10 3π 2π π π 4π 7π 9 π
4 cos 8x 5 6 2 – 3
4 θ − − 11π
4 3 6 4 3 3 4
2( 3 + 1) 2( 3 − 1)
7 8 9 2 + 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 2
4 4 sin θ − − − 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
10 a =  2 , b =  2 11 c = 4 3 , d = 4
2 1 3 2 1 1 2
4π cos θ − − − –1
12 e = 2 3 , f = –2 13 3, 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3
56 63 3
14 a b tan θ 1 3 1 3 3 1 0
65 65 3
44 3
15 a − b 11 a Neither b Parallel c Perpendicular
125 5
12 a 13.2 b 13.2
56 63 56
21 a − b c − 13 The smallest angle of the triangle is 21°, to the
65 65 33
nearest degree.
π 7π
22 , 23 80°, 320° 14 a (2, 0), (3, 0), (–2, 0), (–7, 0)
12 12
b (0, 0), (2, 0), (–3, 0), (4, 0)
24 –40°, 80° 25 30°, 210°
c (2, 0), (3, 0), (–3, 0)
d (2, 0)
Alternating currents  PAGE 186
e (7, 0)
Amplitude ≈ 340 volts. Period 0.02 seconds. V = 340 sin 100πt
f (–5, 0), (–1.5, 0), (3.5, 0), (6, 0)

Average weekly temperatures  PAGE 187

15 k1 = 0.5, k2 = –10, k3 = 4, k4 = 2, k5 = 2, k6 = –12, k7 = 13,
k8 = 10, k9 = 1, k10 = –3, k11 = 1, k12 = 2, k13 = –3,
π k14 = –5, k15 = 1, k16 = –9, k17 = 27, k18 = –26, k19 = 5,
T = 18 – 12 sin  x
26 k20 = 2, k21 = 5, k22 = 2, k23 = 45, k24 = 5, k25 = –4, k26 = 3
Average weekly temperature exceeded 25°C on 15 of 16 a a = 2, c = –12 b b = 5
the weeks. c (–4, 0), (1.5, 0), (2, 0)

266 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330

 17 a Maximum turning point at (–1, 26). Minimum 9 a 67 b 3
turning point at (3, –6). 10 17 11 17 12 11
b Maximum turning point at (–1, 16). Minimum 13 a 65 b 12 c 8
turning point at (3, –16).
14 a 0.6 b 0.2 c 0.1 d 0.7
c Maximum turning point at (1, 21). Minimum
e 0.9 f 0.3
turning point at (–3, –11).
10 12 9 10
d Maximum turning point at (3, 11). Minimum 15 a b c d
turning point at (–1, –21). 19 19 19 19
e Maximum turning point at (–1, 63). Minimum 1 3 13 16
e f g h
turning point at (3, –33). 19 19 19 19
f Maximum turning point at (–0.5, 21). Minimum 18
i
turning point at (1.5, –11). 19
18 a (–1, 0), (2, 0), (5, 0) b (0, 10) 17 13 3
16 a b c 0 d
c a = 8 d b = –8 40 40 4
e c = –10 f (3, –4). Minimum 1
e f 1
g (0, 5) h d = 0 4
i Use a graphic calculator to check your sketch. 17 0.2
x ≈ –0.4, x ≈ 2.4, x = 5 18 a 0.3 b 0.38
2
19 269.4 cm 13 13
19 a b
20 15
Exercise 9A  PAGE 193

1 1 1
Exercise 9B  PAGE 199
1 a b c
2 2 2 1 1
1 a b
1 2 6 5
d e
3 3 1 1
2 a b
1 1 5 4 3
2 a b c
2 2 12 1 1
3 a b
1 5 13 18 6
d e f
18 18 18 1 1
4 a b
3 a 0.3 b 0.7 c 0.5 d 0.8 52 20
1 1 3 1 7 15
4 a b c d 5 a b
8 8 8 2 25 26
1 1 3 47 7 37
e f 6 a b c d
8 4 5 100 10 100
5 1 2 53 37 23
5 a 0 b c e f g h
6 3 5 100 47 53
1 1 1 1 1
d e 7 a b c d 1
3 6 2 3 3
1 3 47 12 1
6 a b c d e 1 f
10 20 100 25 2
7 11 8 a 0.7 b 0.3 c 0.9 d 0.3
e f
10 50
1 1 7
7 a 0.327 b 0.672 e 0.7 f g h
3 7 9
8 a 7 b 9 c 10 d 3
i 1
e {8, 9, 10} f {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
1 5 7 1
g {9} h {1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10} 9 a b c d
3 9 9 9

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 267

 2 4 1 1 1 3 2 6
e f g h 4 a b c d
3 9 5 3 4 16 3 13
5 1 1 1 1
i 5 a b c d
7 20 5 5 20
2 1 1 3 1 1 1
10 a b c d e f g
5 10 4 5 4 4 4
1
e
3 Exercise 9D  PAGE 206
1 1 5 1 11 1
11 a b c 0 d 0 1 a b c d
6 3 6 36 36 18
1 2 1 2 4
e f g h e
3 3 3 3 9
1 1 1 1 1 1 7
12 a b c 0 d 2 a b c d
10 5 4 2 6 12 12
1 5 2 1 1
e f g e f
6 6 5 4 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
13 a b 0 c d 3 a b c d
9 6 6 52 13 2 13
4 1 1 12 3
e e f g h
9 4 13 13 13
1 1 1 1 1 7 1 4
14 a b c d i j k l
6 3 6 5 26 13 52 13
1 1 1 1 3 1
e f 4 a b c d
9 2 2 4 4 2
1 1 2 3
15 a b c d
20 2 5 10 Exercise 9E  PAGE 214
3 1 1 1 1 a 0.6 b 0.12 c 0.6 d 0.3
e f g h
10 10 5 11 e 0.2 f 0.7
1 1 1 1 2 a 0.4 b 0.2 c 0.26 d 0.8
i j k l
6 2 5 3 3
e 0.1 f
1 1 1 13
16 a b c 1 d
2 4 2 7 7 8 7
3 a b c d
1 30 15 15 8
e f 0
3 3 4 1
4 a b c
1 1 4 5 5
17 a b
2 2 4 9
5 a 0.6 b 0.56 c d
7 11
Exercise 9C  PAGE 204 1 1 17 43
(Tree diagrams not shown here.) 6 a b c d
2 6 60 60
1 2 3 1 1 4 10 15
1 a b c d e f g h
2 3 4 2 6 5 17 43
1 5 1 2 25 16
2 a b c d 7 a b
3 9 3 3 36 25
1 5 2 1 4 3 55
3 a b c d 8 a b c
9 9 3 2 9 4 83

268 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330

 9 a 0.912 b 0.038 c 0.039 d 0.563 13 a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0.5
3 1 4 1 15 a 0.3 b 0.8 c 0.6 d 0.5
10 a b c d
5 6 15 6 16 0.8
5 17 0.2
e
18 18 a 0.4 b 0.48
19 a 0.3 b 0.4
Exercise 9F  PAGE 223
20 a 0 b 15
1 7 1 2 21 a 0.35 (2 dp) b 0.45 (2 dp) c 0.19 (2 dp)
1 a b c d
3 15 3 3 The disparity between the three probabilities
2 a 0.847 2 b 0.152 8 suggests that being an Engineering student is
not independent of gender. Whilst 35% of all
3 a 0.926 5 b 0.073 5
students at the college are Engineering students,
1 1 1 5 for males at the college this rises to 45% whilst
4 a b c d
30 20 6 6 for females it is just 19%.
5 a 0.064 b 0.118 c 0.216 d 0.784 22 a 0.35 (2 dp) b 0.34 (2 dp) c 0.35 (2 dp)
6 a 0.124 8 b 0.115 2 The fact that the three probabilities are almost
5 identical suggests that whether the student is
7 on the honours course is independent of gender.
12
The proportion of students on the honours
8 0.010 97 course is almost exactly the same whether we
1 2 1 5 are considering all the students, just the males
9 a b c d or just the females.
2 3 3 6
1 1 1 2
10 a b c d Miscellaneous exercise nine  PAGE 231
3 2 6 3
11 a 0.8 b 0.2 c 0.2 d 0.25 5 1
1 a 0.5 b 0.5 c d
12 a 0.4 b 0.5 c 0.8 6 6
13 a 0.000 000 03 b 0.66 c 0.34 e 0.5
1 25 11 3 x = –4, x = 4.5
14 a b c
36 36 36 1 1
4 a 1 b c
15 a 0.000 05 b 0.985 05 c 0.014 95 3 2
16 a 0.000 000 1 b 0.983 c 0.017 5 a Period 180°, amplitude 4 units.
1 2 3 7 b Period 120°, amplitude 3 units.
17 a b c d
2 5 5 10 6 x = –148, x = –32, x = 212, x = 328.
8 4 7 C has coordinates (7, 1)
18 a b
15 5 55 7 7 7
8 a b c d
19 a 0.13 b 0.2 93 93 22 38
3 9 a (0, –28) b A(–2, 0), D(7, 0)
20 0.8 21
4
c a = 4, b = –108 d –108 < p < 0
Exercise 9G  PAGE 228 π 14π 5π 25π
10 , , ,
1 Dependent 2 Independent 3 13 3 13
3 Independent 4 Dependent 1 3 5 5
11 a b c d
5 Mutually exclusive 6 Mutually exclusive 15 10 14 7
7 Not mutually exclusive 8 Not mutually exclusive 12 a 0.32 b 0.2 c 0.68 d 0.2
9 a and d e 0.6
10 a Independent b Dependent f Yes. Justification: P(B|A) = 0.2 = P(B)
[or P(A|B) = 0.6 = P(A)]
12 a 0.2 b 0.25 c 0.05 d 0.6
[or P(A ∩ B) = 0.12 = P(A) P(B)]

ISBN 9780170390330 Answers 269

Exercise 10A  PAGE 238 4 The number could be –3.5 or it could be 1.5.

1 40 320 2 48 3 10 4 90 5 The fire is approximately 19.7 km from lookout No.1

and 18.8 km from lookout No.2.
5 90 6 56 7 8 8 970 200
1
9 96 10 120, 5! 6
6
5! 5! 5!
11 20,   i.e.  12 60,  7 a y = 3x + 7 b y = 3x + 11 c y = –2x + 7
5 − 2! 3! 2!
d y = –2x + 16 e y = 0.5x + 6
26! 26!
13 650,  14 358 800,  2
24! 22! 8 x = 1 ± 
2
9!
15 40 320, 8! 16 504,  9 y = 1.5x + 15
6!
10 a 0.15 b 0.6 c 0.75
Exercise 10B  PAGE 242 11 A and B are independent, A and C are not, B and C
are not.
1 330 2 18 564
12 A and B are independent, A and C are independent,
3 210 4 455 B and C are not.
5 792 6 133 784 560 1 4
7 5 245 786 8 3003, 10 13 a b
15 15
15 Discuss your answer and reasoning with those of
Exercise 10C  PAGE 243 others in your class.
1 a8 + 8a7b + 28a6b2 + 56a5b3 + 70a4b4 + 56a3b5 + 28a2b6 2π
+ 8ab7 + b8 16 a p = –0.5, p = 1 b x = 0, x = ±
3
2 a10+ 10a9b + 45a8b2 + 120a7b3 + 210a6b4 + 252a5b5 17 a 16 b 6 c –4
+ 210a4b6 + 120a3b7 + 45a2b8 + 10ab9 + b10
d –4 e 14 f 8
3 x8 – 8x7y + 28x6y2 – 56x5y3 + 70x4y4 – 56x3y5 + 28x2y6 2 2
g x – x + 6 h 4x – 2x + 6 i –1 or 4
– 8xy7 + y8
6 5 4 2 3 3 2 4 5 6 j –2 or 7
4 x + 12x y + 60x y + 160x y + 240x y + 192xy + 64y
18 a = –0.5, b = 5, c = 0.5, d = 2, e = –3, f = 2, g = 3, h = –3,
5 p6 – 12p5q + 60p4q2 – 160p3q3 + 240p2q4 – 192pq5 + 64q6
j = 3, k = 1, m = 11, n = 3, p = –8, q = –20, r = –10.
6 243x5 – 810x4y + 1080x3y2 – 720x2y3 + 240xy4 – 32y5
π
19 a = 2, b =
3
Miscellaneous exercise ten  PAGE 246
20 a 1.91 rads b 115 cm
1 a x = 0.625 b x = –4
22 a = 3, b = 2, C(–6, 0), D(0, –4)
c x = –1 d x = 1.4
2πx
e x = 3, x = –2 f x = 1, x = –5 23 y = 6 sin   + 2
5
g x = 0.5, x = –7 h x = –3, x = 0.25, x = 1.8
24 162 − 30 2
i x = 9, x = –3 j x = –2, x = 3.5
π 5π 13π 17π
k x = –1, x = 0, x = 6 l x = –0.8, x = 1.5 25 x =  , , , .
18 18 18 18
2 A: x = –6, B: y = 16, C: y = 4x, D: y = 2x, E: y = x,
26 x6 – 12x5y + 76x4y2 – 192x3y3 + 264x2y4 – 200xy5 + 65y6
F: y = x – 5, G: y = –2x, H: y = –4x + 20
27 17%
3 0.1

270 MATHEMATICS METHODS  Unit 1 ISBN 9780170390330