SOLID WASTE

MANAGEMENT
ASSIGNMENT 3: LOGISTICS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT

MD SHAHNAWAZ PARVEZ 21011NB014 [Link] (ED)

INTRODUCTION
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the people.
Generated mainly from residential and commercial complexes.
Logistics of Solid Waste Management deals with different types of collection techniques and
analyze their advantages, disadvantages
MANAGEMENT OF MSW

1 WASTE

2 COLLECTION

3 TRANSPORT

4 DISPOSAL

5 RECYCLE
COMMON COLLECTION METHODS

DOOR-TO-DOOR CURBSIDE/ALLEY DUMPING AT BACKYARD

DESIGNATED PLACE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEHICLE FOR C&T

SMALL COMPACTORT TRACTOR & TRAILER SKIP TRUCK

RUCK

HOOK LIFT TRUCK LARGE COMPACTOR ELECTRONIC VEHICLE

TRUCK
DEVELOPMENT IN TECHNOLOGY FOR
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION

GIS TECHNOLOGY REAL TIME WASTE DATA

THROUGH ZIGBEE

PNEUMATIC TECHNIQUE

SOLAR-POWERED ELECTRIC
TRUCK ELECTRIC CONVERTED OLD DIESEL
TRUCKS POWERED BY WASTE
LION ELECTRIC BIGBELLY BINS
TRUCK (COMPACTING BINS)

TRUCKS POWERED BY
RENEWABLE NATURAL GAS
(RNG)

SMART BINS BASED ON

VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES UNDERGROUND
COLLECTION SYSTEM
VEHICLE ROUTING
What is Vehicle routing problem?

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) can be

defined as a problem of finding the optimal
routes of delivery or collection from one or
several depots to a number of cities or
customers, while satisfying some constraints
ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION
•Probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be reduced
to finding good paths through graphs

CLARKE-WRIGHT ALGORITHM
•Algorithm to solve the open vehicle routing problem (OVRP)
•Four procedures consisting of Clarke-Wright formula modification,
open-route construction, two-phase selection, and route post-
improvement
OPTIMIZING A SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT MODEL USING
PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
•Swarm intelligence meta-heuristic inspired by the group behavior of animals, for
example bird flocks or fish schools.
•Solves a problem by having a population of candidate solutions
•Goal isto identify differentcriteria for waste management
•Cost minimization.
CAPACITATED VEHICLE ROUTING
PROBLEM
•Vehicleswith limitedcarryingcapacityneedtopickup or deliveritems at various
locationsfor the leastcost whileneverexceedingthe capacityofthevehicles.
•GISBasedApproaches
DEVELOPMENTS IN C&T IN INDIAN CITIES AS
AN OUTCOME OF SWACHH BHARAT MISSION

NAVI MUMBAI

•Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and

Unique Identification Code (UIC) with the
help of with German technology partner
MOBA

BENGALURU

•4500 tonnes of waste per day

•4000+ primary collection vehicles (PCVs)
and 500+ secondary transportation
vehicles (STVs) with RIFD.
Kolkata

•3000+ ton of waste per day

•Achieved 60-80% (depending on site)
segregation of waste at its source

Vijayawada

•550 metric tonnes of waste per day

•SWM bins with IOT Technology
•RIFD

Bhopal
•700 RFID and fuel sensors in SWM
Vehicles and 230 IOT based ultrasonic fill
level sensors in 460 twin bins covering
thehigh priority zones/wards.
FUTURE PROSPECTIVES
•The population in cities will be increased in the future.
•More than 50%MSW will be increased in 10years.
•All cities in India should adopt digitalization in
Collection & Transport for MSW.
•People should be more aware about waste and co
operative with the MSW collection procedure.
LOGISTIC AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN AMBAJOGAI CITY
STUDY AREA

Ambajogai city is located in Marathwada region of

the state of Maharashtra. Ambajogai is widely
considered the educational and cultural capital of
Marathwada. Ambajogai stretches between co-
ordinates 18.73°N 76.38°E. The city’s population at
the end of 2010 is 73,975. Ambajogai is the sub-
district place in Beed District. Number of houses in
Ambajogai city are 16,130, length of roads is 161km
and length of drain is 146km.
SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE IN AMBAJOGAI
CITY
 Domestic waste
 Agriculture waste
 Slaughter house waste
 Food processing waste
 Biomedical waste
 Street waste
 Waste from Bus station
 Waste from Temples
 Construction & Demolition Waste
 Vegetable market Waste
GENERATION OF MSW:
Municipal solid waste (MSW), also
called Urban Solid Waste, and is a
waste type that includes
predominantly household waste
(domestic waste) with the addition of
commercial wastes, construction and
demolition debris, sanitation residue,
and waste from streets collected by a
municipality within a given area. They
are in either solid or semisolid form and
exclude industrial hazardous wastes.
Maximum amount of solid waste was
generated in Sadar Bazar, while the
minimum was produced in Yogeshwari.
COLLECTION OF MSW
Door-to-door collection of waste was introduced in four out of the seven zones of Ambajogai city. The
storage of MSW at the source is substantially good throughout the Ambajogai city. The collection and
transportation of solid waste in Ambajogai is done in two shifts. In the first shift that starts at around
5A.M early in the morning, the conservancy workers sweep the streets,clean the drains and collects the
waste and transport the waste by ghantagadi to disposal site. At some parts of the city, tippers go
along with the sweepers and collect the waste which is being transported to transfer stations. Then from
transfer station the waste is being collected and transported to the disposal site by open trucks. The
bins are common for both decomposable and non decomposable (no seperation of waste is
performed).
Lack of storage and collection practical was seen in Ambajogai city except some colonies. It was seen
that sweepers are doing their road sweeping duties regularly and sincerely. But peoples of Ambajogai
city were also found less awared to through the waste into at the fixed or movable bins. The condition
of steel and cemented bins were very bad as well as were broken.
Total generation of municipal waste is more. Out of that only 19MT/day is being collected through
tractors deputed by municipality. However in Ambajogai, collection capacity provided is generally less
than the actual waste generated and is one of the biggest problem in SWM. The result of this gap is
visible in the form of open dumps.
Municipal systems are generally designed on the basis of underestimated generation rates. The
collection of MSW is the responsibility of corporations/municipalities.

Photo 3.2.1: Ghantagadi Photo 3.2.2: Garbage transportation vehicle

TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID WASTE
Transportation of waste is done with the help of vehicles such as three-wheelers, tractors and trucks. The
transport vehicles are loaded manually. Inadequate number of transport vehicles is major problem. The
transportation system does not synchronize with the system of primary collection and bulk waste storage
facilities.

Multiple manual landing of waste becomes necessary. During study period it was observed that vehicles
transporting waste were not covered with the tarpaulin/plastic sheets. Municipal agencies use their
own vehicles for MSW transportation although they are hired from private contractors. Sanitary
landfilling is an acceptable and recommended method for ultimate disposal of MSW. It is a necessary
component of MSWM, since all other options produce some residue that must be disposed of through
landfilling.
DISPOSAL OF MSW
There is sanitary landfill dumping site in Ambajogai city. The city does not have even controlled dumps.
Waste is simply dumped at the designated sites (without compaction) where no soil cover is used, no
visual or environmental barriers and no provision for leachate checking is available. As the soil strata is
hard and the waste received from the city is normally dry, so leachate generation quantity is very less.

The MSW of Ambajogai city was being dumped on authorized sites or used to fill up the low lying areas.
Dumping site is situated on Mandava road (3km away from the Ambajogai city). The waste processing
site is also situated here and having its own municipal open dumping site of 10 acres.

Photo3.4.1: Disposal site

TREATMENT
Landfills have become a common feature of the landscape in many Indian cities. Increasing population,
urbanisation and industrialisation are some of the main reasons for increased waste generation.
To deal with these challenges, state governments are relying on waste-to-energy plants. The Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy’s website says that the total estimated energy generation potential from
urban and industrial organic waste in India is approximately 5,690 megawatts.

Waste-to-Energy (WTE) technologies to recover the energy from the waste in the form of Electricity and
Biogas/Syngas:

BIOMETHANATION
Biomethanation is anaerobic digestion of organic materials which is converted into biogas. Anaerobic
digestion (AD) is a bacterial fermentation process that operates without free oxygen and results in a
biogas containing mostly methane (~60%), carbon dioxide (~40%) and other gases. Biomethanation has
dual benefits. It gives biogas as well as manure as end product.
This technology can be conveniently employed in a decentralized manner for biodegradation of segregated
organic wet wastes such as wastes from kitchens, canteens, institutions, hotels, and slaughter houses and
vegetables markets.
The biogas generated from Biomethanation process can be burned directly in a gas boiler/burner to produce
heat for thermal application industries and cooking or burnt in a gas engine to produce electricity. Alternatively,
the biogas can be cleaned to remove the carbon dioxide and other substances, to produce BioCNG. This can
be injected into the national gas grid to be used in the same way as natural gas, or used as a vehicle fuel.
By using Biomethanation process, 20-25kgs of Cattle dung can generate about 1m3 of biogas and further 1m3 of
Biogas has potential to generate 2 units of electricity or 0.4kgs of BioCNG.

INCINERATION:
Incineration technology is complete combustion of waste (Municipal Solid Waste or Refuse derived fuel) with the
recovery of heat to produce steam that in turn produces power through steam turbines.
The flue gases produced in the boilers have to be treated by an elaborate air pollution control system. The
resultant ash from incineration of solid waste can be used as construction material after necessary processing
while the residue can be safely disposed of in a landfill.
This technology is well established technology and has been deployed in many projects successfully at
commercial level in India to treat solid wastes like Municipal Solid Waste and Industrial solid Waste etc. and
generate electricity.
ENERGY UTILIZATION
UTILISATION OF BIO-GAS
Main constituents of biogas are Methane (about 60%), Carbon Dioxide (about 40%) and small quantities of
Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulphide. The Calorific Value of biogas is about 5000 kcal/m3 and depends upon the
methane percentage. The gas from landfills generally has a lower calorific value. The biogas, by virtue of its high
calorific value, has tremendous potential to be used as fuel for power generation through either IC Engines or
Gas Turbines can be utilised for this purpose.
LOCAL GAS
Use The simplest and most cost-effective option for use of landfill gas/ biogas is local gas use. This option
requires that the gas be transported, typically by a dedicated pipeline, from the point of collection to the
point(s) of gas use. If possible, a single point of use is preferred so that pipeline construction and operation costs
can be minimized.
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
Electricity can be generated for on-site or for distribution through the local electric power grid. Internal
combustion engines (ICs) and Gas turbines are the most commonly used for landfill gas/ biogas-to-power
generation projects.
THANKYOU