MECHANICAL ENGINEERING JOB INTERVIEW

QUESTIONS :-

1.)What is an isobaric process?

Ans.-An isobaric process is a thermodynamic
process in which the pressure stays constant:
ΔP = 0
2.)What is Factor of safety?
Ans.-Factor of safety (FoS),safety factor (SF), is a
term describing the structural capacity of a system
beyond the expected loads or actual loads.
Essentially, how much stronger the system is than
it usually needs to be for an intended load.
3.)Which one is more efficient? A four stroke
engine or a two stroke and why?
Ans.-This depends on what type of efficiency you
are referring to. As far as power generation, two-
stroke by far. Simply because it accomplishes in
two strokes, what a four stroke motor takes twice
as long to accomplish. Fuel consumption is a
different story. Four strokes are more efficient
because there is separation of fuel and engine oil,
as well as intake and exhaust gases, leading to less
pollution, and better mileage.
4.)What is bending moment?
Ans.-A bending moment is a measure of the
average internal stress induced in a structural
element when an external force or moment is
applied to the element causing the element to
bend.
5.)What is stagnation point and stagnation
pressure ?
Ans:-A stagnation point is one at which velocity is
zero. Stagnation pressure is the sum of static
pressure and dynamic pressure.
6.)What is the difference between lower pair and
higher pair ?

Ans:-In a kinematic pair, if the elements have

surface contact when in motion, the pair is called
lower pair and if elements have line or point
contact the pair is called higher pair.

7.) If angular speed of cam is increased two times,

how much jerk will be increased ?

Ans:-Eight times.

8.)Out of impulse and reaction type hydraulic

turbines, which has higher specific speed ?

Ans:-Reaction turbine

9.)What is meant by CC, and if we use more CC

engine in vehicle then what affect it on vehicle
performance?
CC in engines stands for cubic centimeter. This is
nothing but the capacity or amount of air-fuel
mixture which can fill a piston completely for
combustion. Consequently,the bigger the cylinder
the more power an Engine [Link] the
vehicle with larger CC will have high power

10.)Air-conditioning :is a process that

simultaneously conditions air; distributes it
combined with the outdoor air to the conditioned
space; and at the same time controls and maintains
the required space’s temperature, humidity, air
movement, air cleanliness, sound level, and
pressure differential within predetermined limits
for the health and comfort of the occupants, for
product processing, or both.

Refrigeration is the cooling effect of the process of

extracting heat from a lower temperature heat
source, a substance or cooling medium, and
transferring it to a higher temperature heat sink,
probably atmospheric air and surface water, to
maintain the temperature of the heat source below
that of the surroundings.

11.)BEARING :

A bearing is a machine element that constrains

relative motion and reduces friction between
moving parts to only the desired motion. The
design of the bearing may, for example, provide for
free linear movement of the moving part or for free
rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a
motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces
that bear on the moving parts. Many bearings also
facilitate the desired motion as much as possible,
such as by minimizing friction. Bearings are
classified broadly according to the type of
operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions
of the loads (forces) applied to the part.

12.)Suspension:

Suspension is the term given to the system of

springs, shock absorbers and linkages that
connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative
motion between the [Link] systems serve
a dual purpose — contributing to the vehicle's
roadholding/handling and braking for good active
safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle
occupants comfortable and reasonably well
isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations,et.

13.)WHY GAS CYLINDERS AND ALL OTHER HIGH

PRESSURE THINGS ARE CYLINDRICAL IN SHAPE?

Gas tanks are made in cylindrical shapes , although

spherical shape is twice the strength of cylindrical
pressure vessel.
But spherical shape cylinders are not used because
of two main reasons :-

(1.) complex manufacturing procedures.

(2.) difficult to transport.

Because gas cylinders contain high internal

pressure so we cannot use shapes like rectangle
and cube because there will be many stresses
associated with such shapes.

While in case of a cylinder , only hoop and

longitudinal stresses are [Link] and
cube designs will be more prone to failure at
corners due to bending stresses and welding
[Link],cylindrical shape is use.
14.)TURBOPROP ENGINE:

A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine

which drives an aircraft propeller using a reduction
gear.

The gas turbine is designed specifically for this

application, with almost all of its output being used
to drive the propeller attached at the front of the
engine.

The engine's exhaust gases do not contain enough

energy as compared to a jet engine, to create
significant thrust in the propulsion of the aircraft.

The propeller is coupled to the turbine through a

reduction gear that converts the high RPM, low
torque output to low RPM, high torque.

Because of improvements in turbojet design, the

turboprop, which is less efficient at high speeds,
lost much of its importance in the 1960s, though it
is still used for relatively short-range aircraft.

15.)What is Machining:
Machining is any of various processes in which a
piece of raw material is cut into a desired final
shape and size by a controlled material-removal
process.

16.)What is a Chip:

Chip formation is part of the process of cutting

materials by mechanical means, using tools such as
saws, lathes and milling cutters. An understanding
of the theory and engineering of this formation is
an important part of the development of such
machines and their cutting tools.

TYPES OF CHIPS:
1) CONTINUOUS CHIP
2) DISCONTINUOUS CHIP
3) BUILT UP CHIp

17.)UNIFORM and NON - UNIFORM FLOW:-

(1.) UNIFORM FLOW :-

It is defined as the type of fluid flow , in which the

velocity at any given time does not changes with
respect to space is called uniform flow.

(2.) NON-UNIFORM FLOW :-

It is defined as the type of fluid flow in which the

velocity of the fluid at any given time changes with
respect to space is called non-uniform flow.

18.)Production Engineering:

A combination of manufacturing technology with

management science which encompasses the
application of castings,machining processing,
joining processes, metal cutting & tool design,
metrology, machine tools, machining systems,
automation, jigs and fixtures, and die and mould
design and material science and design of
automobile parts and machine designing and
manufacturing.
19.)What is Gear ratio?

Ans.-It is the ratio of the number of revolutions of

the pinion gear to one revolution of the idler gear.

20.)What is Annealing?

Ans.-It is a process of heating a material above the

re-crystallization temperature and cooling after a
specific time interval. This increases the hardness
and strength if the material.

21.)What is Ductile-Brittle Transition

Temperature?

Ans.-It is the temperature below which the

tendency of a material to fracture increases rather
than forming. Below this temperature the material
loses its ductility. It is also called Nil Ductility
Temperatur.

22.) HIGHER PAIR :- When the elements of a pair

have point or line contact , then the pair is called
as higher pair.

23.) STRAIN ENERGY :- The energy stored in a

body when it is deformed elastically is called strain
energy.

24.) HELICAL GEAR :- A gear that has the teeth cut

at an angle to the center line of the gear is known
as helical gear.
25.) FURNACE :- A furnace is an equipment used to
melt metals for casting or to heat materials to
change their shape and properties.

26.) COLUMN :- If the member of a structure is

vertical and both of its ends are fixed rigidly while
subjected to axial compressive load , the member
is known as column.

27.) CRIPPLING LOAD :- The load at which the

column just begins to bend or buckle is called
crippling load.

28.) BEAM :- A Beam is a structural member

subjected to a system of external forces at right
angles to the axis.

39.) FOUNDRY :- A Plant where the castings are

made is called a foundry.

30.) ELECTRODE :- It is used in [Link] is made

up of metallic wire called core wire and is coated
by a uniformly protective coating called flux.

31.) LOW-CARBON STEEL :- Low-carbon steel by

weight contains 0.05% to 0.30% carbon. It is used
to make automobile
bodies,pipes,chains,screws,nails e.t.c.

32.) ISOLATED SYSTEM :- A system is said to be

isolated if no energy is transferred across the
boundaries.
33.)Automatic Transmission:- A complex
transmission that does not require the operator to
shift gears in order to change the speed and torque
of mechanical energy.

34.)Belt Drive System:-A system consisting of a

belt and at least two fixed pulleys that is used to
transmit motion.

35.)Corrosion:-The gradual chemical attack on a

material by atmosphere, moisture, or other agents.
Some chains are designed to resist corrosion.

36.)Drip-Feed System:-A type of lubricant delivery

system that includes a small reservoir of lubricant
connected to pipes that distribute the lubricant to
machine parts.

37.)Gear Train:-A system of gears used to transmit

rotary motion from one part of a mechanical
system to another.

38.) What is the direction of tangential acceleration

?

Ans:The direction of tangential acceleration may be

same or opposite to that of angular velocity.

39.)Why excess air is required to burn a fuel

completely ?

Ans: Excess air is required to ensure adequate

mixing of fuel and air, avoid smoke, minimize
slagging in coal burning, and to ensure maximum
steam output.
40.)Which type of plant will you recommend for
remote location if power is required in six to twelve
months time ?

Ans: Diesel engine power plant.

41.)What do you understand by forced convection ?

Ans: When convection heat transfer occurs between

a solid body and a fluid and where circulation of
fluid is caused and controlled by some mechanical.

42.)State Third Law of Thermodynamics.

Ans.: Third Law of Thermodynamics states that

entropy of the system approaches constant value
as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

43.)What is Charles' law?

Ans.: The volume of a given mass of an ideal gas is

directly proportional to its temperature on the
absolute temperature scale (in Kelvin) if pressure
and the amount of gas remain constant.
It is also known as the law of volumes.

44.)What is enthalpy?

Ans.: Enthalpy is the heat content of a chemical

system. It is a measure of total energy of a
thermodynamic system.
45.)Differentiate between Intensive and Extensive
properties of a system.

Ans.: Intensive properties are those that are

independent of the size of the system such as
temperature, pressure and density.
Extensive properties are those that are depend on
the size of the system such as mass, volume and
total energy.

46.)Archimedes's Principle:-
It states that "Whenever a body is immersed
wholly or partially in a Fluid, it is lifted up by a
force equal to a Weight of Fluid Displaced by the
Body".

47.)Buoyancy:-
The tendency of a Fluid to uplift a submerged body,
because of upward thrust of the Fluid, is known as
Buoyancy. It is always equal to the Weight of Fluid
Displaced by the Body.

If the Force of the Buoyancy is less than the

Weight of the Body, it will sink down. When the
Force of the Buoyancy is more than the Weight of
the Body, it will pushed up till the Weight of the
Fluid Displaced is equal to the Weight of the Body.

48.)Centre Of Buoyancy:-
It is the point, through which the force of the
Buoyancy is supposed to act. It is always the
Centre of Gravity of the Volume of the Liquid
Displaced.
49.)Met centre:-
Whenever a body, floating in a Liquid, is given a
small angular Displacement, it starts Oscillating
about some point. This point, about which Body
starts Oscillating, is known as "Met centre".

50.)Met centric Height:

The distance between the centre of Gravity of a
floating Body, and the Met centre is called "Met
centric Height". More the Met centric Height of
floating Body, more it will be stable.

51.)What is Sentinel Relief Valve?

Ans. It’s a special type valve system. The valve will
open when exhaust casing pressure is excessive
(high). The valve warns the operator only; it is not
intended to relieve the casing pressure.

52.)What is the difference between Specification,

Codes, Standards?

Ans. Specification is describing properties of any

type of materials. Code is procedure of acceptance
and rejection criteria.
Standard is accepted values and compare
other with it.

53.) What is difference between Welding and

Brazing?
Ans. In Welding concentrated heat (high
temperature) is applied at the joint of metal and
fuse together. In Brazing involves significantly
lower temperatures and does not entail the melting
of base metals. Instead, a filler metal is melted and
forced to flow into the joint through capillary
action.
54.)What is ATFT Technology used in Honda Hunk?

Ans.-ATFT means Advance Tumble Flow Induction

Technology, Tumble flow means swirling. In this
technology fuel air mixture from the carburetor
into the engine cylinder with a swirl action. The
advantage being one gets a more efficient burning
of fuel hence more power and better fuel economy
with lesser emissions.

55.)Why we do not use same technology to start

both SI /CI engine

Ans.-The S.I. or spark ignition engine uses petrol

as a fuel and the C.I. or compression ignition
engine uses diesel as a fuel. Both the fuels has
different compression ratio.
In SI engine the compression ratio is 8-12:1.
In CI engine the compression ratio is 16-22:1.
So incase of SI engine, the compression ratio is not
sufficient for fuel to burn so a spark plug is used,
whereas in ci engine, the compression ratio is so
high that due to its internal heat the fuel is
combusted so there is no need for a spark plug. so
the technology used in si engine is different from
CI engine.

56.)What is a Newtonian fluid?

Ans.-A Newtonian fluid possesses a linear stress

strain relationship curve and it passes through the
origin. The fluid properties of a Newtonian fluid do
not change when any force acts upon it.
57.)What is coaxing ?

Ans: It is the process of improving fatigue

properties by first under-stressing and then
increasing the stress in small increments.

58.)What is endurance limit and what is its value

for steel ?

Ans: Endurance limit is the maximum level of

fluctuating stress which can be tolerated
indefinitely. In most steels this stress is
approximately 50% of the ultimate tensile
strength and it is defined as the stress which can
be endured for ten million reversals of stress.

59.)What are whiskers ?

Ans: Whiskers are very small crystals which are

virtually free from imperfections and dislocations.

60.) What is Bauschinger effect ?

Ans: According to Bauschinger, the limit of

proportionality of material does not remain
constant but varies according to the direction of
stress under cyclic stresses.

61.) What is a uniformly distributed load?

: A UDL or uniformly distributed load is a load,

which is spread over a beam in such a way that
each unit length is loaded to the same
extent.
62.) What are the differences between pneumatics
and hydraulics?

a) Working fluid: Pneumatics use air, Hydraulics

use Oil
b) Power: Pneumatic power less than hydraulic
power
c) Size: P components are smaller than H
components
d) Leakage: Leaks in hydraulics cause fluid to be
sticking around the components. In pneumatics, air
is leaked into the atmosphere.
e) Pneumatics obtain power from an air
compressor while hydraulics require a pump
f) Air is compressible, hydraulic oil is not

63.)Define surface tension ?

Ans: Surface tension of a liquid is the work that

must be done to bring enough molecules from
inside the liquid to the surface to form one new
unit area of that surface. (Its unit is Nm/m2 or
N/m).

64.)State Archimedes principle.

Ans: Any weight, floating or immersed in a liquid, is

acted upon by a buoyant force equal to the weight
of the liquid displaced. This force acts through the
center of buoyancy, i.e. the e.g. of the displaced
liquid.
65.) Distinguish between a jig and fixture.

Ans: Jig clamps and locates parts in positive

manner and guides cutting tools (drills, reamers,
taps etc). Fixture is bolted or fixed securely to the
machine table so that work is in correct location
ship to the cutter. Fixtures are used for mass
milling, turning and grinding, etc.

66.) In which type of flow the stream lines, streak

lines and path lines are identical ?

Ans: In steady flow.

67.)What is the difference between pump and

compressor ?
When we use pump and When we use compressor?

Ans:-Basically a Pump is used for liquid or fluid to

transform it to a much high pressure head while a
Compressor is used for gases to transform from
low to a much high pressure.
From Mechanical Engineering point of view liquid is
incompressible so Compressor cannot be used for
liquid substances.

68.)What do you understand by forced convection ?

Ans: When convection heat transfer occurs between

a solid body and a fluid and where circulation of
fluid is caused and controlled by some mechanical.
69.)What is boundary layer thickness in turbulent
boundary layer ?

Ans: In ease of turbulent boundary layer, boundary

layer thickness is defined as the distance from solid
surface at which the fluid velocity is 99% of the
undisturbed free stream velocity.
Near the surface of solid, there is laminar flow
which changes to buffer zone and finally turbulent
region.

70.) Sterling cycle with regenerative arrangement

and Car not cycle operate within same temperature
limits. What can be said about thermal efficiencies
of these two ?

Ans: Thermal n of both will be same.

71.) What is the frequency of secondary imbalance

in four-stroke engine ?

Ans: Two times the engine speed.

72.)Resistance Spot Welding:

In spot welding the weld is effected by the heat

produced due to resistance to the flow of current
through two or more overlapping work pieces held
pressed together between the electrodes. This is
the simplest form of resistance welding and does
not pose any problem for welding sheets ranging u
to 12.5 mm in thickness. The majority of spot
welding is however done with metal pieces less
than 6 mm thick.
73.)What is the name given to process of removing
non condensable in steam and other vapor cycles ?

Ans: Deaeration process.

74.) We often come across use of jet pumps in

process industry ? What is the reason for this ?

Ans: Jet pumps are easy to maintain and can be

used to transport gases, liquids and mixtures of
both.

75.)When it can be said that a fluid is Newtonian ?

Ans: When the shear stress is directly proportional

to velocity gradient.

76.)Out of 2 stroke SI engine, 4 stroke SI engine,

and 4 stroke CI engine, how the brake thermal
efficiency behaves if these are to be used for road
vehicles ?

Ans: 4 stroke CI engine has highest brake thermal

efficiency followed by 4 stroke SI engine and the 2
stroke SI has lowest brake thermal efficiency.

77.) What is Difference between Hardness and

Toughness?

Ans. Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb

energy.
Hardness is the ability of a material to withstand
wear.
78.)What does F.O.F Stand for Piping Design?

Ans: Face of Flange, The F.O.F (Raised face and Flat

face) is used to know the accurate dimension of the
flange in order to avoid the minute errors in
measurement in case of vertical or horizontal pipe
lines.

79.)Difference between Performance and

Efficiency?
Ans: The accomplishment of a given task measured
against preset known standards of accuracy,
completeness, cost, and speed is called as
Performance.
Efficiency is defined as the input given and the work
obtained from that input like money, time, labour
etc. It’s the main factor of productivity.

80.)What are two essential conditions of perfect

gas ?
Ans: It satisfies equation of state and its specific
heats are constant.

81.)Under what condition the work done in

reciprocating compressor will be least ?

Ans: It is least when compression process

approaches isothermal. For this purpose, attempts
are made to cool the air during compression.

82.) What is pitting ? How it is caused ?

Ans: Non uniform corrosion over the entire metal

surface, but occuring only in small pits is called
pitting. It is caused by lack of uniformity in metal.
83.)What is caustic embrittlement ?

Ans: It is the actual physical change in metal that

makes it extremely brittle and filled with minute
cracks. It occurs particularly in the seams of
rivetted joints and around the rivet holes.

84.)What is Sentinel Relief Valve?

Ans. It’s a special type valve system. The valve will
open when exhaust casing pressure is excessive
(high). The valve warns the operator only; it is not
intended to relieve the casing pressure.

85.)What is the difference between Specification,

Codes, Standards?
Ans. Specification is describing properties of any
type of materials. Code is procedure of acceptance
and rejection criteria.
Standard is accepted values and compare
other with it.

86.) What do you understand by acoustic velocity ?

Ans: Accoustic velocity is the speed of a small

pressure (sound) wave in a fluid.

87.)Explain difference between cohesion, adhesion

and capillarity ?

Ans: Cohesion is the attraction of like molecules.

Adhesion is the attraction of unlike molecules for
each other.
Capillarity is the elevation or depression of a liquid
surface in contact with a solid.
88.)What is bulk modulus of elasticity ?

Ans: It represents the compressibility of a fluid. It

is the ratio of the change in unit pressure to the
corresponding volume change per unit of volume.

89.)What is entropic exponent ?

Ans: It is the ratio of the specific heat of a gas at
constant pressure to the specific heat at constant
volume.

90.)What is an arbor ?

Ans: An arbor is an accurately machined shaft for

holding and driving the arbor type cutter. It is
tapered at one end to fit the spindle nose and has
two slots to fit the nose keys for locating
and driving it.

91.)What is the difference between potential flow

and creep flow ?

Ans: Potential flow assumes viscous forces to

be zero but same is considered larger than inertia
forces in creep flow.

92.)Define hydraulically efficient channel cross

section.

Ans: The shape of such section is that which

produces minimum wetted perimeter for a given
area of flow and carries maximum flow.
93.) Why carburized machine components have
high endurance limit?

Ans: In carburised machine components, the

process of carburisation introduces a compressive
layer on the surface and thus endurance limit is
increased.

94.)Under what condition a number of forces

acting at a point are in equilibrium ?

Ans: When sum of the resolved parts in any two

perpendicular directions is zero.

95.)What happens to two equal and opposite

coplanar couples ?

Ans: They balance each other.

96.)What does the area under the stress-strain

curve represent ?

Ans: Energy required to cause failure.

97.)Out of circular, square, channel, I sections,

which is most economical for a component
subjected to bending ?

Ans: I section.
98.)Which Pump is more Efficient Centrifugal Pump
or Reciprocating Pump?

Ans: Centrifugal pump. Because flow rate is higher

compared to reciprocating pump. Flow is smooth
and it requires less space to
install. Lower initial cost and lower maintenance
cost.

99.)Compare Brayton Cycle and Otto Cycle?

Ans: The heat addition and rejection processes in
Otto cycle are of constant volume, whereas in
Brayton cycle, they are of
constant pressure.
-Otto cycle is the ideal cycle for spark ignition
engines.
-Brayton cycle is the ideal cycle for gas power
turbines.

100.)What is the difference between P11 and P12

Pipes?
Ans.P11 the chromium molybdenum composition
that is 1% of chromium and 1/4% of molybdenum
P12 the chromium molybdenum composition that
is 1% of chromium and 2% of molybdenum.

101.)What is the difference between Fan and

Blower?
Ans. Fan is an air pushing device. Either Axial or
Centrifugal type systems are used to move the air
in low pressure. It is rotated
by a motor separately.
When the fan is a housing of blades and motor,
then it called as Blower. It directs the air in a single
path with high pressure.
102.)Which parameters influence the performance
of gas turbines ?

Ans: Ambient conditions, inlet/exhaust pressure

losses, fuels, and water/steam injection flow rates'
influence the performance of gas turbines.

103.)What is the frequency of secondary imbalance

in four-stroke engine ?
Ans: Two times the engine speed.

104.)In general how the boundary layer and local

film coefficient of heat transfer are related ?
Ans: In general, the thinner the boundary layer,
higher the value of local heat transfer film
coefficient.

105.)When it can be said that a fluid is Newtonian ?

Ans: When the shear stress is directly proportional
to velocity gradient.

106.)What is the PISTON RING and its functions?

A piston ring is a split ring that fits into a groove on
the outer diameter of a piston in a reciprocating
engine such as an internal combustion engine or
steam engine.
Main functions:
1. Sealing the combustion chamber so that there is
no transfer of gases from the combustion chamber
to the crank.
2. Supporting heat transfer from the piston to the
cylinder wall.
3. regulating engine oil consumption.
107.)Definition of Octane Number and Octane
Number?
Ans.)Octane No.- Octane number is defined as the
percentage, by volume, of iso octane in the mixture
of iso octane and heptanes. It is the measure of
rating of SI engine.
Octane No.- Octane number is defined as the
percentage, by volume, of n-Octane in the mixture
of n-Octane and alpha methyl naphthalene. It is
the measure of rating of CI engine.

108.)How a Diesel Engine Works as Generator?

Ans.)Diesel engine is a prime mover, for a
generator, pump, and for vehicles etc. generator is
connected to engine by shaft.
mostly in thermal power plat ,there is an engine is
used to drive generator to generate power.

109.)What is the crankshaft?

Sometimes abbreviated to crank, is the part of an
engine that translates reciprocating linear piston
motion into rotation. To convert the reciprocating
motion into rotation, the crankshaft has "crank
throws" or "crankpins", additional bearing surfaces
whose axis is offset from that of the crank, to
which the "big ends" of the connecting rods from
each cylinder attach. It typically connects to a
flywheel and to reduce the pulsation characteristic
of the four-stroke cycle, and sometimes a torsional
or vibrational damper at the opposite end, to
reduce the torsional vibrations often caused along
the length of the crankshaft by the cylinders
farthest from the output end acting on the
torsional elasticity of the metal.
110.) What is the Stress–strain curve?
The relationship between the stress and strain that
a particular material displays is known as that
material's Stress-Strain curve. It is unique for each
material and is found by recording the amount of
deformation (strain) at distinct intervals of tensile
or compressive loading (stress). These curves
reveal many of the properties of a material
(including data to establish the Modulus of
Elasticity, E).

111.)What is the meaning of the term sensitive

drill press ?

Ans: A sensitive drilling press is a light, simple,

bench type machine for light duty working with
infinite speed ratio.

112.)Why carburised machine components have

high endurance limit?

Ans: In carburised machine components, the

process of carburisation introduces a compressive
layer on the surface and thus endurance limit is
increased.

113.) What is the difference between perfect and

real fluids ?

Ans: Perfect fluids are treated as if all tangential

forces created by friction can be ignored. Real
fluids refer to the cases in which friction must
properly be taken into account.
114.)What is bulk modulus of elasticity ?

Ans: It represents the compressibility of a fluid. It

is the ratio of the change in unit pressure to the
corresponding volume change per unit of volume.

115.)What is the difference between Technology

and Engineering?

Ans: Engineering is application of science.

Technology shows various methods of Engineering.
A bridge can be made by using
beams to bear the load, by an arc or by hanging in
a cable; all shows different technology but comes
under civil engineering and
science applied is laws of force/load distribution.

116.)What is Powder Technology?

Ans. Powder technology is one of the ways of

making bearing material. In this method metals
like bronze, Al, Fe are mixed and
compressed to make an alloy.

117.)What are the principal constituents of brass?

Ans: Principal constituents of brass are copper and

zinc.

118.)What is Curie point ?

Ans: Curie point is the temperature at which

ferromagnetic materials can no longer be
magnetised by outside forces.
119.)What is endurance limit and what is its value
for steel ?

Ans: Endurance limit is the maximum level of

fluctuating stress which can be tolerated
indefinitely. In most steels this stress is
approximately 50% of the ultimate tensile
strength and it is defined as the stress which can
be endured for ten million reversals of stress.

120.)What do you understand by sulphur print ?

Ans: Sulphides, when attached with dilute acid,

evolve hydrogen sulphide gas which stains
bromide paper and therefore can be readily
detected in ordinary steels and cast irons . While
sulphur is not always as harmful as is sometimes
supposed, a sulphur print is a ready guide to
the distribution of segregated impurities in
general.

121.)What is the different between brass and

bronze ?

Ans: Brass is an alloy of copper with zinc; and

bronze is alloy of copper with tin.

122.)What is the effect of addition of zinc in

copper? What is the use of 70/30 brass ?

Ans:) By addition of zinc in copper, both tensile

strength and elongation increases. The 70/30
brass has excellent deep drawing property and is
used for making radiator fins.
123.)What are the principal constituents of brass?

Ans: Principal constituents of brass are copper and

zinc.

124.)What is Curie point ?

Ans: Curie point is the temperature at which

ferromagnetic materials can no longer be
magnetised by outside forces.

125.)Which element is added in steel to increase

resistance to corrosion ?

Ans: Chromium.

126.)Whether individual components in composite

materials retain their characteristics or not?
Ans: yes.

127.)What for water/steam is injected in

combustion zones of a gas turbine ?

Ans: Water/steam is injected to limit the amount

of NOX formed by lowering the flame and gas
temperatures.

128.)What is the name given to combined process

of cooling and humidifying ?

Ans: Evaporative Cooling.

129)When it can be said that a fluid is Newtonian ?

Ans: When the shear stress is directly proportional

to velocity gradient.
130.)Out of 2 stroke SI engine, 4 stroke SI engine,
and 4 stroke CI engine, how the brake thermal
efficiency behaves if these are to be used for road
vehicles ?

Ans: 4 stroke CI engine has highest brake thermal

efficiency followed by 4 stroke SI engine and the 2
stroke SI has lowest brake thermal efficiency.