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Oscillation Practice Assessment

1. The document describes an oscillating mass-spring system with a 2.0 kg mass attached to a spring with a spring constant of 0.50 N/m. The mass is displaced 4.0 cm from equilibrium and released, oscillating with a period of 12.6 s. 2. Questions are asked about the amplitude, period, frequency of oscillation as well as the points of maximum speed and acceleration during the oscillation. Values are calculated for the proportionality constant relating acceleration to displacement and examples are worked through. 3. Graphs of displacement, velocity, acceleration and kinetic energy versus time and displacement are shown and values including maximum speed, energies and spring constants are calculated from the graphs.

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913 views2 pages

Oscillation Practice Assessment

1. The document describes an oscillating mass-spring system with a 2.0 kg mass attached to a spring with a spring constant of 0.50 N/m. The mass is displaced 4.0 cm from equilibrium and released, oscillating with a period of 12.6 s. 2. Questions are asked about the amplitude, period, frequency of oscillation as well as the points of maximum speed and acceleration during the oscillation. Values are calculated for the proportionality constant relating acceleration to displacement and examples are worked through. 3. Graphs of displacement, velocity, acceleration and kinetic energy versus time and displacement are shown and values including maximum speed, energies and spring constants are calculated from the graphs.

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이수연
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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  • Oscillations - Formative Assessment

Topic 4.

1 – Oscillations Formative Assessment


NAME: _________________________________ TEAM:__
THIS IS A PRACTICE ASSESSMENT. Show formulas, substitutions, answers (in spaces provided) and units!
A 2.0-kg mass is attached to a horizontal spring having a spring constant of 0.50 Nm -1. If set in oscillation
the time for a single cycle is 12.6 s.
1. The mass is pulled 4.0 cm in the positive x-direction
before release, as shown. What are the amplitude,
period, and frequency of the oscillation? A V A
4.0 cm
Amplitude is maximum displacement, 1. ______________, 12.6 s
_______________, 0.079 Hz
________________
period is cycle time T = 12.6 s, and frequency is f = 1 / T = 1/12.6.
2. In the picture place a “V” at all the points where the speed of the mass will be at its maximum.
The maximum speed occurs at the equilibrium position of the spring. 2. ____In picture_____

3. In the picture place an “A” at all the points where the acceleration of the mass will be at its
maximum. 3. ____In picture_____
The maximum accelerations occurs at the extremes since a  -x.
4. What is the proportionality constant for this particular system that relates a to –x in the proportion
a  -x that defines SHM? 0.25 s-2
4. _________________
F = ma and F = -kx  ma = -kx  a = -(k/m)x = -(0.50 / 2)x = -(0.25 s-2)x.

5. What is the acceleration (in cm s-2) of the mass at x = + 2.00 cm? -0.50 cms-2
5. _________________
a = -(0.25 s-2)x = -(0.25 s-2)(+2.0) = -0.50 cms-2.

6. An identical system is started by placing the mass at 0.0


cm as shown, and given a rightward push at the same
instant the mass in problem 1 is released. What is the
phase difference between the two systems? 3T/4 ahead,
6. _________________
You can either say it is 3T/4 ahead, or t/4 behind. (or t/4 behind)

The displacement vs. time of a 4.00-


kg mass attached to a spring having a
spring constant of 17.55 Nm -1
undergoing SHM is shown in the
graph.
7. What is the total energy of the
8.78 J
system? 7. _________________

ET = (1/2)kxMAX2 = (1/2)(17.55)1.02 = 8.775 J


8. What is the potential energy stored in the system at t = 1.25 s? 2.19 J
8. _________________
2 2
At t = 1.25 s we see that x = -0.5 m. Then EP = (1/2)kx = (1/2)(17.55)(0.5 ) = 2.19375 J.

9. What is velocity of the mass at t = 1.25 s? 1.81 ms-1


9. _________________
EK + EP = ET  (1/2)mv2 = 8.775 – 2.19375  (1/2)(4)v2 = 6.58125  v = 1.814 ms-1.
From slope we see that the velocity is POSITIVE.
10. What is acceleration of the mass at t = 1.25 s? 2.19 ms-2
10. ________________
a = -(k/m)x = -(17.55 / 4.00)x = -(4.3875)x.
Since x = -0.5 m at t = 1.25 s, a = -(4.3875)(-0.5) = 2.19375 ms-2.
11. In the graph above, sketch in the displacement vs. time for SHM that is exactly T/3 out of phase.
The displacement vs. time of a particle
undergoing SHM is shown in the graph
to the right.
12. In the graph, sketch in the
displacement vs. time for in-phase
SHM with exactly half the amplitude
of the given SHM.

13. In the graph above, sketch in the velocity of the mass vs. time, and label it “V(t).”

14. In the graph above, sketch in the acceleration of the mass vs. time, and label it “A(t).”

The kinetic energy vs. displacement of a 2.50-kg particle undergoing


SHM on a mass-spring system is shown in the graph to the right.
2.5 ms-1
15. What is the maximum speed of the mass? 15. _______________
ET = (1/2)kxMAX2 = (1/2)(2.5)vMAX2 = 8.0 J  vMAX = 2.5 ms-1.

16. What is the maximum potential energy stored in the mass-


spring system? 8.0 J
16. ________________
ET = EK = EP = 8.0 J.

17. What is the spring constant of the spring that is driving the
oscillation? 10000 Nm-1
17. ________________
ET = (1/2)kxMAX2 = (1/2)(k)0.042 = 8.0 J  k = 10000 Nm-1.

In the graph to the right, the spring force vs. displacement is shown
for the spring in an oscillating mass-spring system. The mass is 0.50
kg and the amplitude of motion is 2.0 m.
1.0 Nm-1
18. What is the value of the spring constant? 18. _______________
F = -kx. Choose any point on the graph: F = -2.0N when x =
2.0 m so that -2.0 = -k(2.0)  k = 1.0 Nm-1.
2.0 J
19. What is the total energy of the system. 19. _______________
ET = (1/2)kxMAX2 = (1/2)(1.0)2.02 = 2.0 J.

20. How can you tell that the oscillation is that of SHM?
Since F  -x  a  -x, which is the definition of SHM.

21. What is the maximum speed of the mass? 2.8 ms-1


21. ________________
ET = (1/2)mvMAX2 = (1/2)(0.50) vMAX2 = 2.0 J  vMAX = 2.8284 ms-1.

22. What is the speed of the mass when the displacement is x = -0.50 m? 2.24 ms-1
22. ________________
Use the formula of speed form the formula booklet.

Common questions

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Potential energy at time t in SHM is given by EP = (1/2)kx^2, representing energy stored due to displacement from equilibrium. At t = 1.25 s, if the position x = -0.5 m, EP = (1/2)(17.55)(0.5^2) = 2.19375 J, indicating energy related to position at that moment .

Using total energy ET = (1/2)kxMAX^2, solve for k. Given ET = 8.0 J and xMAX = 2.0 m, k is respectively calculated as 1.0 Nm^-1. The spring constant k represents stiffness, dictating the force needed for displacement and affecting frequency and period of oscillations .

Phase difference affects the relative positions and velocities at the same time. A system started from a different point or with an initial velocity results in phase differences, altering synchronization. For systems starting from equilibrium vs. displaced, phase differences such as 3T/4 ahead or T/4 behind occur, illustrating different starting conditions and evolutionary paths of oscillation .

Velocity at a given displacement combines conservation of energy principles where ET = EK + EP. Using EK = ET - EP, we derive v = sqrt((2/m)(ET - EP)). At t=1.25 s, ET = 8.775 J, EP = 2.19 J, so v = 1.81 ms^-1 .

The acceleration is calculated using a = -(k/m)x. Given k = 0.50 Nm^-1 and m = 2.0 kg, the acceleration is a = -(0.25 s^-2)(+2.00 cm) = -0.50 cm s^-2. This reflects the principle that acceleration in SHM is directly proportional to the displacement and in the opposite direction .

In SHM, acceleration (a) is directly proportional to the negative of displacement (x) with a proportionality constant given by -(k/m). In the system described, this is derived from Newton's second law and Hooke's law: F = ma = -kx, leading to a = -(k/m)x. For the given system, this constant is -0.25 s^-2 .

The total energy of the system is the sum of kinetic and potential energies, remaining constant if no external forces act. For a system with spring constant k and maximum displacement xMAX, ET = (1/2)kxMAX^2. In the given case, ET = (1/2)(17.55)(1.0^2) = 8.775 J .

The maximum speed occurs at the equilibrium position, where the displacement is zero. The maximum acceleration occurs at the extremes of displacement because acceleration is proportional to the negative displacement in simple harmonic motion (SHM).

In SHM, acceleration a = -(k/m)x reveals that the restoring force and hence acceleration is always directed opposite to displacement, causing the oscillatory nature. At t = 1.25 s, if x = -0.5 m, a = -(4.3875)(-0.5) = 2.19 ms^-2, confirming the oscillation characteristics .

Amplitude is the maximum displacement from equilibrium, period is the time for one complete cycle (12.6 s in this case), and frequency is the number of cycles per second, calculated as the inverse of the period (0.079 Hz).

Topic 4.1 – Oscillations Formative Assessment NAME: _________________________________ TEAM:__ THIS IS A PRACTICE ASSESS
The displacement vs. time of a particle undergoing SHM is shown in the graph to the right. 12. In the graph, sketch in t

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