Cyrick Kyle B.

Tapay 12-Apollo Practical Research 2

Activity on Review of Related Literature

Title of the Study: Carbon Ink Characterization from Banana and Cassava Peels by Carbonization Method
Author: S. Fatimah, N. Mustika, and S. Pratiwi
Source: [Link] (Google Scholar)
1. What is the problem of the study? What is the research question of the study?
 The problem of the study is that the marker ink is composed of different type of components, and these
components has a negative impact to the environment.
 The research question is, can a banana peel and cassava peel be effective as a alternative material in the
creation of eco-friendly marker ink?
2. What is the objective of the study?
 The objective of the study is to create an eco-friendly marker ink.
3. Methodology:
3.1 What are the materials use in the study?
 70% Alcohol from Merck
 Aqua dest
 Arab gum
 Banana peel
 Cassava peel
3.2 Where is the study conducted?
 Indonesia
3.3 When is the study conducted?
 August 30, 2020
3.4 What are the instruments used?
 Oven
 Blender
 Pycnometer
3.5 What is the method used in the evaluation/gathering data?
 The researcher used experimental method
4. What is the result of the study?
 The result shows that cassava and banana peels can be used as an alternative in making ink markers
5. What is the conclusion of the study?
 Cassava and banana peels can be used as an alternative in making ink markers. The concentration of carbon in
ink making greatly influences the characteristic properties of the ink. The density, viscosity, and thickness of
the ink pigments are directly proportional to the concentration of carbon added in the manufacture of ink. The
higher the carbon concentration, the higher the value of the characteristics of the ink measured (density,
viscosity, pH, the thickness of the pigment). The characteristic of the ink from banana peels is better than ink
from cassava peel. The ink from cassava peel has a higher density and viscosity.

6. What is the recommendation of the study?

 None
7. What can you adopt from the literature review to your proposed research?
 I will adopt would be method the that researcher used. I will use the method as a basis in the creation of my
proposed research.
Title of the Study: Plants Extract as an Alternative Ink for Markers
Author: J. C. Alguzar, C. G. Caballero, J. S. Cayetuna, and et al.
Source: [Link] ([Link])
1. What is the problem of the study? What is the research question of the study?
 The problem of the study the inks used in the majority of markers are typically created using synthetic
materials like petroleum and chemical solvents. These sorts of materials pose risks, particularly to the users'
and the environment's health.
 The research questions are:
o Are Mayana and Alugbati as ink effective? (Refers to quality)
o Is making alternative ink helps you to lessen your expenses?
o What will be its effect to the environment?
2. What is the objective of the study?
 The researchers aim to produce an ink out from Mayana leaves extracts and Alugbati fruits extracts.
 The researchers study the advantages and disadvantages in using commercial and plants ink for markers.
 The researchers examine what would be the effects of using the plant as source of marker ink to the
community, environment and mankind.
 The researchers aim to know the significance of color, odor, stick consistency and absorption between the
standard ink and Mayana and Alugbati ink.
3. Methodology:
3.1 What are the materials use in the study?
 Mayana
 Alugbati
 Water.
3.2 Where is the study conducted?
 Talisayan, Misamis Oriental
3.3 When is the study conducted?
 2015
3.4 What are the instruments used?
 Cutting board (if you need to chop your plant source into small pieces)
 Knife (if you need to chop your plant source into small pieces)
 Saucepan
 Stove
 Bowl
 Strainer (if using a plant source that does not dissolve in the water)
 Large glass jar (1), such as a canning jar that is about 6 ½–7 inches tall
 Empty markers
 Newspapers to protect your working area
3.5 What is the method used in the evaluation/gathering data?
 The researcher used experimental method
4. What is the result of the study?
 The result shows that mayana and alugbati can be used as an alternative in making ink markers
5. What is the conclusion of the study?
 The researchers conclude that in order to create your own marker ink out from plants extract you need to
balance the amount of water and plant source for it to produce a natural odor and color; to avoid the spreading
of ink on the fabric or paper and to maintain the good quality of the marker ink. The Mayana and Alugbati
extract may not produce a strong tanning of color of ink like the commercial one but Mayana and Alugbati
ink don’t produce strong odor and its stain whether on paper or fabric is just easy to wash.
Furthermore, people will be able to save money for its ingredients and materials are just easy to find so as the
procedure is just easy to follow.
6. What is the recommendation of the study?
 It is advisable to improve the color of the Mayana and Alugbati ink and know what ingredient can improve
the absorption of the ink, rate of the stick consistency and odor.
 The researcher advocates re-associating the difference between the two inks using other tests in order to
justify the result of this study. Furthermore, having a good quality ink must be focused on before undergoing a
series of test.
 The researcher advises to conduct other parallel tests based on the components of the standard ink and the
Mayana and Alugbati ink.
7. What can you adopt from the literature review to your proposed research?
 The main that I will adopt would be the method that researcher used. I will use the method as a basis in the
creation of my proposed research.

Title of the Study: Charcoal as a Primary Agent For An Alternative Printer Ink
Author: A. Armstrong, L. Azarcon, M. Buenaventura, et al.
Source: [Link]
([Link])
1. What is the problem of the study? What is the research question of the study?
 Nowadays, ink could be quite expensive which could be a problem for teachers, students and office workers
to supply ink. Additionally, some commercial inks can actually harm the environment because of the toxic
chemicals that it contains when it is thrown away.
 The research questions are:
o Is charcoal as printer ink effective? (Refers to quality)
o Is making alternative ink helps you to lessen your expenses?
o What will be its effect to the environment?
2. What is the objective of the study?
 Make use of the charcoal to make it as a eco-friendly printer ink.
 Provide a new alternative for printer ink.
 Have individuals save extra money for printer ink.
 To be able to compare the made charcoal ink with the commercial ink bought in stores.
3. Methodology:
3.1 What are the materials use in the study?
 Charcoal
3.2 Where is the study conducted?
 Pasig
3.3 When is the study conducted?
 2015
3.4 What are the instruments used?
 Mortar and Pestle
 Syringed
 Empty printer cartridge
 2 teaspoons
 Bowl
 Funnel
 Strainer

3.5 What is the method used in the evaluation/gathering data?

 The researcher used experimental method

4. What is the result of the study?
  The made charcoal ink still had small particles in it but still had the liquid form. The ink was tested on
different papers and different measurements of the other ingredients added to make the charcoal ink to find
the effectiveness. The ink stayed on the paper and was evenly distributed to each letter in the word, no sign of
wet parts when printed.
5. What is the conclusion of the study?
 It is possible to make ink out of charcoal but the words are not consistently dark like the commercial ink. The
small particles may have been the problem in not turning out fully black. The inks tested on different papers
have differences and the different measurements also have a slight difference compared to the other samples
made.
6. What is the recommendation of the study?
 The researchers recommend finding a solution to make the charcoal ink darker and to lessen the charcoal
particles.
7. What can you adopt from the literature review to your proposed research?
 The main thing that I will adopt would be the method that researcher used. I will use the method as a basis in
the creation of my proposed research.

Title of the Study: The Use of Charcoal and Isopropyl Alcohol as Alternative Ink for Whiteboard Markers: A
Comparative Analysis between the Innovation and Commercialized Ink
Author: J. B. Barrameda
Source:
[Link]
_for_Whiteboard_Markers_A_Comparative_Analysis_between_the_Innovation_and_Commercialized_Ink
(ResearchGate)
1. What is the problem of the study? What is the research question of the study?
 Whiteboard marker has been used extensively due to its perceived safety compared to chalk. Recent reports,
however, showed that commercialized ink also imposes health risks in addition to its expensiveness
 The research questions are:
o Is charcoal and Isopropyl Alcohol as printer ink effective? (Refers to quality)
o Is making alternative ink helps you to lessen your expenses?
o What will be its effect to the environment?
2. What is the objective of the study?
 Make use of the charcoal and isopropyl alcohol to make it as a eco-friendly ink.
3. Methodology:
3.1 What are the materials use in the study?
 Charcoal
 Isopropyl alcohol
3.2 Where is the study conducted?
 Cagraray island, Philippines.
3.3 When is the study conducted?
 March 2022
3.4 What are the instruments used?
 Oven
 Hammer
 Cloth
 Funnel

3.5 What is the method used in the evaluation/gathering data?

 The researcher used qausi-experimental method

4. What is the result of the study?
  The aroma that the isopropyl alcohol produces, and the intensity of the ink color which is more visible than
the commercialized whiteboard marker ink
5. What is the conclusion of the study?
 The study was conducted to address the foregoing issues of health-risks and economic crisis brought by the
use of commercialized ink. In this study, an innovated ink from charcoal and isopropyl alcohol was made as
an alternative source of organic ink for whiteboard markers. The innovated ink was assessed through quasi-
experimental design consolidating the perception of randomly selected students from an island school in
Cagraray island, Philippines.
6. What is the recommendation of the study?
 none
7. What can you adopt from the literature review to your proposed research?
 The main thing that I will adopt would be the method that researcher used. I will use the method as a basis in
the creation of my proposed research.

Title of the Study: THE GENERAL ACCEPTABILITY OF DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus undatus) EXTRACT AS AN
ALTERNATIVE INK FOR BALLPOINT PENS1
Author: A. M. Abanto, M. A. Bucud, J. R. Burgos, et al.
Source: [Link]
[Link] (Pdfcoffee)
1. What is the problem of the study? What is the research question of the study?
 Nowadays, certain commercial ballpoint pen inks can really damage the environment when they are thrown
away since they contain harmful ingredients.
 The research questions are:
o Can Dragon Fruit extract be an alternative ink for ballpoint pens?
o How acceptable is the Dragon Fruit extract as an alternative ink for ballpoint pens in terms of writing
performance? drying time? impact resistance?
2. What is the objective of the study?
 Make use of the Dragon Fruit extract to make it as a eco-friendly ballpoint ink.
3. Methodology:
3.1 What are the materials use in the study?
 Dragon fruit
 Vinegar
 Table salt
 Sayote sap
 Gum Arabic
 Tap water
3.2 Where is the study conducted?
 Maduya, Carmona, Cavite
3.3 When is the study conducted?
 October 2018
3.4 What are the instruments used?
 Strainer
 Container
 1 teaspoon

3.5 What is the method used in the evaluation/gathering data?

 The researcher used experimental method

4. What is the result of the study?
  Out of 30 cluster sample of Senior High School students of STI College Southwoods, 100% said that Dragon
Fruit extract is effective as an alternative ink for ballpoint pens in terms writing performance.
 2. 66.67% of the 30 respondents said that the writings using ballpoint pen with Dragon Fruit extract ink is
incapable of erasing.
 3. Out of 30 respondents, 50% of them said that the writings using ballpoint pen with Dragon Fruit extract ink
can dry easily.
 4. 83.33% of the 30 respondents said that the writings using ballpoint pen with Dragon Fruit extract ink were
readable.
 5. Out of 30 respondents, 83.33% of them said that the ballpoint pen with Dragon Fruit extract ink was still
writing after dropping
5. What is the conclusion of the study?
 Dragon Fruit extract can be an alternative ink for ballpoint pens.
 Dragon Fruit extract is acceptable as an alternative ink for ballpoint pens in terms of writing performance,
permanence, drying time, readability, and impact resistance.
6. What is the recommendation of the study?
 To test the shelf-life of the effectiveness of Dragon Fruit extract as an alternative ink for ballpoint pens.
 To try the Dragon Fruit extract as an alternative ink for other writing instrument aside of ballpoint pens such
as permanent marker, whiteboard marker, and highlighter.
 To try other fruit extract besides of Dragon Fruit as a source of alternative organic ink.
 To compare the Dragon Fruit extract as an alternative ink for ballpoint pens to commercial ballpoint pens in
terms of writing performance, permanence, drying time, readability, and impact resistance.
 To improve the pigment of the Dragon Fruit extract as an alternative ink into more dark color so that the
writings will be more readable.
 To utilize other process in extracting Dragon Fruit to get the more acceptable pigment of extract as an
alternative ink for ballpoint pens.
 To lengthen the course of the study by conducting further research
7. What can you adopt from the literature review to your proposed research?
 The main thing that I will adopt would the be method that researcher used. I will use the method as a basis in
the creation of my proposed research.