1.

SCIENCE: DEFINITION, SEARCH FOR

KNOWLEDGE, PRODUCT, PROCESS, AND
SUPERSTITION 5. CHEMISTRY - matter
DEFINITION OF SCIENCE  Analytical Chemistry- chemical composition of
 search for knowledge and truth. materials
 Systematized body of knowledge based on facts and  Biochemistry- chemistry of living things
evidence through experimentation and observation.  Inorganic Chemistry- materials non-biological origins
SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE  Nuclear Chemistry- changes in nucleus of elements
 Latin word scientia means “having knowledge.”  Agricultural Chemistry- chemistry & biochemistry
 Science involves observations followed by  Organic Chemistry- carbon-containing compounds
experimentations leading to further observations and 6. EARTH SCIENCE- study of earth
further experimentations.  Oceanography – earth’s ocean
PRODUCT AND PROCESS  Hydrology- water
Science is…  Meteorology- atmosphere
 an on-going process of investigating and thinking.  Seismology- earthquakes
 a way of thinking which involves reasoning.  Geology- lithosphere / earth’s surface
 a way of investigating which involves questions,  Volcanology- volcanoes
observations, experimentations, and predictions.  Climatology- climate
SCIENCE AND SUPERSTITION 7. SPACE SCIENCE- beyond earth
 Superstitions are beliefs, which are not usually explained 3.2 BRANCHES OF SCIENCE (APPLIED SCIENCE)
by the methods of the natural science.  Engineering, Environmental Science, Medicine,
2. SOCIAL SCIENCE vs NATURAL SCIENCE vs PURE Electronics, Computer Science, Mathematics
SCIENCE vs APPLIED SCIENCE 4. GREAT MEN AND WOMEN OF SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE  NICOLAS COPERNICUS - Heliocentric Theory
 focuses primarily on studying culture and society, like  WILLIAM HARVEY - Blood Circulation
Economics, Geography, History, Law, Education, Sociolgy,  LOUIS PASTEUR – Pasteurization
and Psychology.  MARIE CURIE - Study of Radioactivity
NATURAL SCIENCE  ISAAC NEWTON - Laws of Motion
 According to its proponents, it seeks to understand the  GALILEO GALILEI - Use of Telescope
natural world and its different processes. This includes  ALBERT EINSTEIN - Theory of Relativity
Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. Natural science is further  GREGOR MENDEL - Modern Hereditary Theory
subdivided into two.  CHARLES DARWIN - Theory of Evolution
PURE SCIENCE  THOMAS EDISON - Light bulb
 deals with new discoveries that may or may not have  RAMON C. BARBA - Mango Farming Research
current practical applications in pursuit of new knowledge.  ANGEL C. ALCALA-Biogeography of PHL Reptiles and
APPLIED SCIENCE Amphibians
 Uses discoveries of pure sciences to create solutions and  FE DEL MUNDO – Incubator
create products that can be based on actual setting.  GREGORIO Y. ZARA – Videophone
3.1 BRANCHES OF SCIENCE (NATURAL SCIENCE)  EDUARDO QUISUMBING - Medicinal Plants
1. BIOLOGY- living things (bio- life, logos- study) 5. DOMAINS OF LEARNING SCIENCE
2. ZOOLOGY – study of animals  Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor
 Anatomy – external & internal form of an animal 5.1 SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE
 Pathology – bodily fluids (blood, urine)  Careful Judgment
 Cytology – cell (cyto- cell, ology – study of)  Critical Thinking
 Ornithology - birds  Creativity
 Histology - tissues  Curiosity
 Taxonomy–classification & nomenclature of living  Discipline
things  Humility
 Ecology- living things & non-living things  Intellectual Honesty
(environment)  Objectivity
 Genetics – inheritance of traits from parents to  Patience
offspring  Perseverance
 Mammalogy – mammals (with breasts)  Rationality
 Herpetology – reptiles and amphibians  Responsibility
 Entomology - insects  Resourcefulness
 Biochemistry – chemical processes 5.2 SCIENTIFIC SKILLS
 Paleontology – history and development of life on  Inferring, Formulating Hypothesis, Controlling
earth Variables, Interpreting Data, Experimenting
3. BOTANY - plants Experimental
 Anatomy – body structure 5.3 SCIENTIFIC METHOD
data becomes
 Taxonomy-classification & nomenclature of living Ask a question background
things Do Background Research
 Bryology- bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, hornworts) research for
Construct a Hypothesis new/future
 Physiology – plant function and behavior Test with an Experiment
 Agriculture Procedure Working? project. Ask
 Ecology - interaction No Yes new question,
 Genetics Analyze Data & form new
 Phycology - algae Draw Conclusions hypothesis,
 Bacteriology - bacteria experiment
Results Align Partially or Not
 Forestry – planting & growing trees in forests again!
With at All with
 Marine Botany – aquatic plants and algae
4. PHYSICS – matter and energy Hypothesis Hypothesis
 Kinetics- motion Troubleshoot Communicate Results
 Quantum Mechanics - matter procedure.
 Nuclear Physics – atomic nuclei & interaction Carefully Check all
 Mechanics - motion steps and set-up
 Aeronautics – science of flight
 Acoustics- sound
 Thermodynamics- energy & work of a system
 GENETICS  Proteins - building blocks of life.
GRADE 1  Amino Acids - smaller units of proteins.
GENETICS  Variation - the difference in genes between two or more
 Reproduction of Living Things individuals.
 Characteristics that are passed on from Parents to Offspring  Life Cycle - series of stages that an individual organism
POSSIBLE ACTIVITY passes through from conception until it can reproduce by
 Where do you come from: Print or draw cutouts that itself.
shows parents and their siblings.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Reproduction - The process of living organisms creating a
likeness of themselves.
 Human Mother - carries her baby in her womb for nine
months before giving birth.
 Plants reproduce their offspring using seeds by planting it
on the ground.
 Animals reproduce like humans do.
GRADE 3
GENETICS
 Characteristics of Living and Non-living Things
 Heredity Traits: What offspring get from their Parents.
POSSIBLE ACTIVITY
 Do I look like my dad or mom? Make a list of
characteristics you inherited from your parents.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Genes - section of information that makes up one' s
deoxyribonucleic acid.
 Heredity - passing down of traits by parents to their
offspring through genes.
 Sexual Reproduction - involves two individuals of the
same species, usually, male and female by joining their sex
cells.
 Asexual Reproduction - occurs without the involvement of
another individual of the same species.
 Variation - difference in genes between two or more
individuals.
 Chromosomes - microscopic thread-like structure in each
cell that contains protein and DNA.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
 Sensitivity
 Nutrition
 Movement
 Respiration
 Growth
 Excretion
 Reproduction
CHARACTERISTICS OF NON- LIVING THINGS
 Do not have any definite form or size.
 Immobile or motionless
 Do not need food, water, and air to stay alive
 Have no cells, they do not grow.
FATHER- enumerate...
MOTHER- enumerate…
What if...???
 Parent is dead.
 Adopted and the child is not aware?
 Parents are not around but alive.
Overseas
Separated
GRADE 4
GENETICS
 Heredity and Life Cycle
 Effects of Environment on the Life Cycle of Organisms
POSSIBLE ACTIVITY:
Print or cutouts: Human Life Cycle, Plant Life Cycle, Animal
Life Cycle
DEFINITION OF TERMS
 Heredity - the passing of characteristics from one
generation to the next.

 Traits - are physical characteristics of living things.

 Genes - are found in DNA.
 Chromosomes - this is where genes are strung together.
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TO
LIFE CYCLES
 climate Change
 Polluted Environment
 Trade-off
 Different ecological conditions
 Consumerism
 Human factor
CHEMISTRY
GRADE 1
TOPICS
 Properties of matter
 States of matter
 Comparing and classifying objects
 Good safety practice
COLORS
 PRIMARY – Red, Yellow, Blue
 SECONDARY- Green, Violet, Orange
 NEUTRAL- Black, White, Gray
SHAPES
 Circle
 Square
 Rectangle
 Triangle
 Oblong
COLORS
PRIMARY
 Red
 Yellow
 Blue
SECONDARY
 Green
 Violet
 Orange
NEUTRAL
 Black
 White
 Gray
TEXTURE
 Smooth
 Rough
 Soft
 Hard
 Hot
 Cold
SIZES
 Small
 Big
 Light
 Heavy

SOLID
 Objects that have definite mass
Characteristics of Solid
 Have their own shapes.
 have definite sizes.
 occupy space.
LIQUID
 Occupies space based on the container it is on and
has mass
Characteristics of Liquid
 Take up space.
 Have mass.
 Do not have definite shapes.
MELTING vs FREEZING
GAS
 Does not occupies space and we cannot see it, but
can feel it
Characteristics of Gas
 Do not occupy definite shape.
 Have mass.
 Do not have definite shapes.
EVAPORATION vs CONDENSATION
CLASSIFYING AND ORGANIZING OBJECTS
 Similarities and differences of objects based on
their shapes, colors, textures, sizes, and states.
PROPER USE AND HANDLING OF MATERIALS
 Size and weight
 Sharpness
 Brittleness
 Flammability
 Poisonous
 Corrosive