1.

You are provided with:

i) Solution A, which is 2M hydrochloric acid
ii) Solution C which is an alkali of 0.1M concentration.
You are required to:
i) prepare a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid, solution A
ii) write an ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid solution
A and the alkali solution C procedure I
Procedure II
Using a clean measuring cylinder, place 12.5cm3 of solution A and about 250ml volumetric
flasks. Add about 200cm3 of distilled water to make upto the mark. Label this solution D.
Fill a burette with solution D. using a pipette and pipette filler, place 25.0cm 3 of solution C
into a 250ml conical flask. Add two drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with
solution D. record your results in table II. Repeat the titration two more times and complete
the table.
Table II I II II
Final burette reading
Initial burette reading
Volume of solution D (cm3) added
(5marks)
Determine the:
i) Average volume of solution D used. (1mark

ii) Moles of hydrochloric acid solution D used. (2marks

iii) Moles of alkali solution C used; (1mark

iv) Ionic equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid, solution A and alkali, solution C.
(2marks
 Table II
Final burette reading 24.0 48.0 24.0
Initial burette reading 0.0 24.0 0.0
Volume of solution used 24.0 24.0 24.0
Complete table 1mark
Decimals consistency 1mark
Accuracy against school value 1mark
Principles of averaging 1mark
24 . 0+24 . 0+24 . 0
=24 . 0
i) 3
Final answer 1mark
ii) 2 moles - 1000cm3
In 12.5cm we have
3

12. 5 ½ mark
×2=0 . 025 moles ½ mark
1000
0.025 moles in 250cm3
In 24.0cm3 we have

24 ½ mark ½ mark
×0 .025=0 . 0024 ¿ ¿
250 ofHCl used
iii) Moles of solution C=
25
×0. 1=0. 0025
½ mark
1000 ½ mark moles of alkali used
iv) Reaction mole ratio of
acid : alkali
0.0024 0.0025
½ mrk
0.0024 : 0.0024
1 : 1 ½ mrk
v) Ionic equation
H (aq )  OH (_aq )  H 2Ol 
1mark
1. You are provided with
- Solid P
- 2.0M HCl – solution B
- 0.1M sodium hydroxide
Procedure A
- Measure 20.0cm3 of 2.0M HCl solution B into a 100ml beaker. Measure its temperature
(t1) and record below.
- Add all the solid P to the acid, stir with a thermometer until all solid P dissolves. Record
the highest temperature attained (t2) and record below.

t1 _________________ 0
C
t2 _________________ 0
C
t3 (Temp. change Δt) _______________ 0C ( 1 ½ marks )
Procedure B
- Transfer all the contents into a 250ml volumetric flask, add distilled water to make up to
the mark
- Label the solution C.
- Fill the burette with sodium hydroxide
- Using a pipette and pipette filler, transfer 25.0cm3 of solution C into a 250ml conical
flask.
- Add 2 – 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate against sodium hydroxide.
Record your results in table II. Repeat the titration and complete the table II.
Table II
I II III
Final burette reading
Initial burette reading
Titre (cm3)
( 4 marks )
Calculate
(i) Average volume of sodium hydroxide used. ( 1 mark )

(ii) The number of moles of:

(I) Sodium hydroxide used.( 1 mark )

(II) Hydrochloric acid in 25cm3 of solution C. 1 mark )

(iii) Hydrochloric acid in 250cm3 of solution C ( 1 mark )

(iv) Hydrochloric acid in 20.0cm3 of solution B ( 1 mark )

(v) Hydrochloric acid that reacted with solid P. ( 1 mark )

(b) Calculate the enthalpy of reaction between solid P and one mole of hydrochloric
acid ( Show the sign of ΔH)( 2 marks )
1. t1 ___ 25.60C √ ½ N/B Temperature range for initial temperature t1 - 200
300C
t2 ___ 22.50C √ ½
∆t ___ 3.00C - Temp. change ∆t should be between 30 – 100C
1. You re provided with:
 sulphuric (vi) a cid, solution E
 0.5 soduim hydroxide =, solution F
 8 cm of magnesium Ribbon,

You are required determine the concentration ofsulphuric (VI) acid moles per litre.
Procedure I
Measure 50cm3 of solution E using a 50ml measuring cylinder and place all of it in 100ml
beaker and keep it for use later.
Take the 8cm of magnesium ribbon given and fold it into half and break. Keep folding the
remaining magnesium ribbon pieces until you get 8 equal of ( 1cm each) pieces. Keep the
magnesium ribbons safely so as to use in the following experiments.
Ready with a stopwatch, pick one piece of the above magnesium ribbon of 1 cm length( you
have prepared) and drop it into the beaker containing the 50cm3 of solution E. immediately
start your stopwatch until all the ribbon reacts completely and stop. Record time taken in
seconds. Without adjusting the stopwatch to zero drop the second 1cm of magnesium
ribbon piece to the same mixture and record the time taken for the second ribbon to react
completely .
Repeat the experiment ribbon until the 8thpiece of magnesium ribbon is used.
Keep the solution mixture for use in procedure II.

Procedure II
Place all the solution obtained in procedure I into a clean 250ml volumetric flask. Add
distilled water to make 250cm3( i.e to the mark) of solution. Label the resulting solution as
solution J.
Fill a burette with solution F, pipette 25.0cm3 of solution J add 3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator and titrate with solution F. Record your results in table II repeat the titration two
more times.
Table II

I II III
Final burette reading
Initial burette reading
Titre (cm3)

d) Determine the average volume of solution F used. (1mk)

e) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide, solution F that were used.
(1mk)
 f) Determine
(i) The number of moles of sulphuric (VI) in 25cm3 of J(1mk)

(ii) The number of moles of sulphuric (VI) acid in 250 cm3 of solution J.
(1mk)

(iii) Using that the total number of moles ofsulphuric (VI) acid that were used during the
reaction with magnesium ribbon to be 0.074 moles and f(ii) above. Calculate the total number of
moles of sulphuric (VI) acid in 50 cm3 of solution E (1mk)

(iv) Calculate the concentration of the original sulphuric(VI) acid, solution E in moles per
litre. (1mk)
 (e) Volume of Sodium hydroxide solution F used is used 26.1cm3
26.1 x 0.5 √½mk = titre x 0.5 = 0.13056
1000 1000
0.01305 √½mk
(f) Ratio 1:2 acid: base
(i) no. of moles of H2SO4 = 0.01305
2 = 0.006525
(ii) 250 x 0.006525 √½mk = 0.06525 √½mk
25 penalize - √½mk wrong units

(iii) 0.074 + 0.06525 √½mk = 0.13925 √½mk

(iv) 0.13925moels present in 50cm3
? = 1000
1000 x 0.13925 √½mk
50
= 2.7850 moles per litre
= 2.8M√½mk Penalize √½mk for wrong units)
 You are provided with:

 Sulphuric acid solution A

 0.5M sodium hydroxide solution B
 Magnessium ribbon labelled C
You are required to:-

- Investigate the rate of reaction between solution A and metal C

- Determine the concentration of sulphuric acid in moles per litre

Procedure I
(i) Using a ruler, make 6 marks at 2cm length interval on the Magnesium ribbon
provided.
(ii) Transfer 50cm3 of acid solution using a measuring cylinder into a clean dry 100ml
beaker.
Place 2cm length piece of magnesium ribbon into the beaker with the acid and
immediately
start the stop watch/clock. Shake gently and note the time taken for the piece of
magnesium ribbon to react completely.
(iii) Record in table I below. Place another piece of magnesium ribbon (2cm) to the same
solution and again note the time taken.
(iv) Repeat the procedure until all six pieces of magnesium ribbon have reacted with
the same solution initially placed in the beaker

(v) Complete the table I below:

Note: Keep the solution obtained in this experiment for use in procedure II

Procedure II
Place all the solution obtained in procedure I in a clean 100ml measuring cylinder.
Add distilled water to make 100cm3 of solution. Transfer all the solution into a beaker
and shake well. Label it solution D. Fill the burette with solution B. Pipette 25.0cm3
of solution D into a conical flask. Add 2-3drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate
with solution. Record your results in the table II below. Repeat the titration two more
times

(f) Table II
Titration I II III
Final burette reading (cm )3

Initial burette reading (cm3)

Volume of solution B (cm3) used
(c) (i) Determine the average volume of solution B used

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide solution B used

 (d) Calculate:
(i) The number of moles of sulphuric acid in 25.0cm3 of solution D

(ii) The number of moles of sulphuric acid in 100cm3 of solution D

(e) Determine the total number of moles of sulphuric acid in 50cm3of solution A

(f) Calculate the concentration of the original sulphuric acid solution A in moles per
litre
Table II

Titration I II III
Find burette reading (cm3) 15.3 30.5 45.7
Initial burette reading 0.0 15.3 30.5
Volume of solution B used (cm3) 15.3 15.2 15.2
CT = 1
D=1
AC = 1
PA = 1
TA = 1
5
(c) (i) T1 + T2 + T3√½ = C.A √½ 1 fall are consistent

3
OR
i.e15..3 + 15.2 + 15.2√½ = 15.233 cm3√½
3

(ii) Moles of sodium hydroxide = 15.233 x 0.5 = 0.007617

1000
i.e. Ans in c (i) x 0.5√½ = C.A. √½
1000 1 mk
(d) (i) Ans in c (ii)√½ = C.A. √½ i.e. 0.007617 = 0.003809 moles
2 1 mk
(ii) Ans. in d (i) x 4 = C.A.
i.e o.003809 x 4 = 0.015236 moles. 1 mk

(e) Ans in b (iv) + Ans. d(ii) √½ = C.A

0.005 + Ans. d (ii) = C.A
i.e. 0.005 + 0.015235 = 0.020236 moles. 1 mk

(f) Ans. in e x 1000cm3 = C.A.

50 cm3
i.e. 0.020236 x 1000 = 0.40472 M
50
1. You are provided with
 1.3g of solid K, sodium carbonate
 Hydrochloric acid solution L
 Phenolphthalein indicator
 methyl orange indicator
 You are required to standardize the hydrochloric acid solution L.
Procedure
Transfer all the solid K into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask. Using 100 cm3 measuring cylinder add
100 cm3 of distilled water to solid K to dissolve it. Add more distilled water to the mark. Label
this solution K. Using a pipette filler, pipette solution K into a conical flask. Add three drops of
phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with solution L in the burette up to the end point.(do not
pour out the contents of the conical flask). Record the reading in the table I. Add three drops of
methyl orange indicator to the contents of the conical flask and continue titrating with solution L,
up to the end point. Record the reading in table II. Repeat the procedure. Complete table I and II.

(a)
1 2 3
Final burette reading (cm )3

Initial burette reading (cm3)

Titre (cm3)
(3½ mks)
Determine the average of the titre t1

Table II (using methyl orange indicator)

(3½ mks)
(b)
1 2 3
Final burette reading (cm )
3

Initial burette reading (cm3)

Titre (cm3)

Determine the average titre t2

(c) Calculate the total volume of solution L.

t1+ t2 =
(d) Calculate the concentration of solution K in moles per litre. (Na=23, O=16, C=12)
(2mks)

(e) Calculate the number of moles of sodium carbonate solution K in 25.0 cm3
(1mk)

(f) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid solution L in the volume used.
(1mk)

(g) Calculate the molarity of hydrochloric acid solution L.

(1mk)
1. You are provided with:-
 Solution A containing 0.05 moles in 1dm3 of solution of anhydrous Sodium Carbonate
 Solution B, monobasic acid, HX

 Solution C, 2.1g of a mixture of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium chloride

(KCl) dissolved in distilled water and made up to 250cm3solution.

You are required to:

(a) Standardise the monobasic acid, solution B
(b) Determine the percentage of potassium chloride (KCl) in the mixture.
Procedure:
Fill the burette with solution B. Pipette 25.0cm3 of solution A into a clean dry conical
flask and titrate with solution B using methyl orange indicator. Record your results in table 1
below:-

1 2 3
Final burette reading (cm ) 3

Initial burette reading (cm3)

Volume of solution B used (cm3)

(a) Calculate the average volume of solution B used

(b) Given that the equation for the reaction taking place is:-
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HX(aq) 2NaX(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Calculate the concentration of solution B in moles per litre

Procedure II
Fill the burette to the 0.0mark with solution B. Pipette 25.0cm3 of solution C into a clean
dry conical flask and titrate it against solution B using phenolphthalein indicator. Repeat
the
titration and fill table II below:-
Table II
1 2 3
Final burette reading (cm ) 3

Initial burette reading (cm3)

Volume of solution B used (cm3)
 (c)What is the average volume of solution B used?

(d) Calculate the concentration of solution Cin :-

(i) Moles per litre

(ii) Grams per litre (K=39, O=16, H=1)

(e) Calculate the percentage of potassium chloride in the mixture

(b) moles Na2CO3 = 0.05 x 25 = 0.00125 ( ½ mk)
1000
Moles HX = 2x 0.00125 = 0.0025 ( ½mk)
Molarity of HX = 0.0025 x 1000 (½
Titre volume (Av.)
Table 2 and averaging
(c)To be marked as in table 1 bove 5mks
(d) (i) moles B = molarity of HX above x titre volume B
Moles C = moles B
Molarity of C = moles C x 1000
25
(ii) Molarity in d(i) x 56g

(c) Grams KOH in 250ml solution

= ans. In d(ii) ÷ 4……………………………x
Mass KCl in 2.1g = 2.1 – ans. In d(ii) 4
% KCl = 2.1 – xX 100
21
1. a) You are provided with the following:-
(i) 0.5M NaOH, solution Y
(ii) Solution of sulphuric (VI) acid, Q
You are expected to determine the concentration of sulphuric (VI) acid in moles per litre.
Proceed as follows:
Pipette 25cm3 of solution Y and transfer into the conical flask. Put 1 – 2 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with solution Q from the burette and complete the
table.

TABLE 1
Titre I II III
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of solution Q used (cm3)
(4mks)
(i) Determine the average volume of solution Q used. Show your working
(1mk)

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used.(2mks)

(iii) Calculate the number of moles of sulphuric (VI) acid used.(2mks)

(iv) Hence determine the concentration of sulphuric (VI) acid in moles per litre.
(2mks)
 CALCULATIONS
a) (ii) Moles of sodium hydroxide
25
= 1. 25×10−2 moles
= 0.5 x 1000
(iii) Moles of H2SO4 = ½ x answer (ii)
= Correct answer
1000
¿ = current answer
(iv) Conc = answer (iii) answer ( i )
OR
MaV a 1
=
MbV b 2
M V 0 .5 25
Ma = b b = × = correct answer
2Va 2 answer (i )

1. You are provided with:

- 1.60g of a dibasic acid H2X labeled solid P
- Solution Q containing 1g of sodium hydroxide in 250cm3 of the solution.
- Phenolphthalein indicator
You are required to:-
- Prepare 250cm3 of solution P using solid P
- Determine the value of X in the formula (H2X)
A PROCEDURE I
Place all of solid P in a 250cm3 beaker. Add about 100cm3 of distilled water to the
beaker. Swirl until all the solid dissolves. Transfer the solution into a 250cm3 volumetric flask.
Top up with distilled water to the mark and label it solution P.

Using a measuring cylinder transfer about 100cm3 of solution P into a 250cm3 beaker.
Preserve the rest in the volumetric flask for procedure II.
 Pipette 25cm3 of solution Q into a clean conical flask. Add 3 drops of phenolphthalein
indicator
to the 25cm3 solution in the conical flask. Fill the burette with solution P from the beaker.
Titrate
until the colour disappears. Repeat two more times and record your results in the table
below.

Table 1
Titre 1st 2nd 3rd
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of solution P used (cm3)

(4mks)
i) Calculate the average volume of solution P used
(1mk)

ii) Calculate the Molarity of solution Q

(Na = 23, O = 16, H = 1)
(2mks)

ii) How many moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were pipetted

(1mk)

iii) How many moles of the acid, solution P reacted with 25cm3 of
solution Q (2mks)

iv) How many Moles of H2X were present in 1.60g of solid P

(2mks)
 vii) Determine the value of X in the formula H2X
(2mks)

1. a) Procedure I
Table I
Titre 1st 2nd 3rd
Final burette reading(cm3) 21.5 43.5 21.5
Initial burette reading(cm )
3
0.0 22.0 0.0
Volume of solution P (cm3) 21.5 21.5 21.5
  
CT – 1
DP – 1
AC – 1
PA – 1
FA – 1
5
i) Average volume
 21 .5+21 .5+2.15
=
3
64 .5
=
3
= 21 .50 cm3 ½½
ii) Molarity of solution Q
No. of moles x 1000
=
250
1 1000
= x
40 250
= 0 .1 M 11
iii) Moles of NaOH pipetted
0.1 x 25
=
1000
= 0.0025 moles ½½
iv) Equation
2NaOH(aq) + H2X (aq) Na2X (aq) + 2H2O (l)
Reacting ratio is 2:1
1
x 0 . 0025
No. of moles of P in the litre = 2 ½
= 0.00125 Moles½
250 x 0. 00125
v) No. of moles of H2X in 1.6g = 21. 5 1
= 0.01453488
= 0.014535 moles1
vi) To determine the value of X
1.6g = 0.014535 moles
? = 1.0 mole
1.0 x 1.6
=
0.014535
= 110.079 11
2 + x = 110.0791
x = 110.079 – 2
= 108.0791

1. You are provided with

- Solution Y1 containing 7.3gl-1 of hydrochloric acid
- Solution Y2, containing 14.3g of hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.XH2O
(washing soda) dissolved in 500cm3 of water and diluted to one litre
- You are required to standardize Y2 (Na2CO3.XH2O) using Y1(HCl)
- Determine the number of moles of water of crystallization in hydrated sodium
carbonate.

Procedure:
- Fill the burette with solution Y2(Na2CO3.XH2O)
- Pipette 25.0cm3 of solution Y1 into 250cm3 conical flask
- Add 2 – 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with Y2. Record your
readings in table 1 below.
(a)
I II III
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of solution Y2 Used (cm3)
(4mks)
(i) Determine the average volume of solution Y2used (1mk)

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between dilute hydrochloric
acid and sodium carbonate solution.
(1mk)

(b) Calculate:
(i) The molar concentration of hydrochloric acid solution Y1
(2mks)

(ii) The molar concentration of Na2CO3. xH2O solution Y2.

(2mks)
 (iii) The relative formula mass of Na2CO3.XH2O
(1mk)

(iv) Thevolue of X in Na2CO3.XH2O

(1mk)

(ii) Equation
HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) NaCl + CO2(g) + H2)(l)
Balanced equation  1mk
State symbols  1mk
(b) (i) Molarity of Y
Conc g/l = molarity xRFM
RFM HCl = 36.5
g /l 7 . 3
= =0 .2 M
Molarity = RFM 36. 5 ½½
(ii) Molarity of Y2
 Moles of HCl = molarity x vol. in litres
0. 2×25
=0 .005 mol
1000  ½ mk
Mole ratio = 2: 1
moles of Na2CO3 = ½ x 0.005 = 0.0025mol ½
25cm3 = 0.0025mol
1000cm3= ? ½
1000×0 . 0025
=0 .1 M
25  ½ mk
Or
1000×0.0025
answer a  3mks
(iii) Relative formula mass of salt Y2
Conc = mol x RFM
conc g/l
RFM = molarity  ½
14.3 dissolved in 500cm3
? = 1000
1000×14.3
500  ½ = 28.6 g/l
(iv) Value of x in Y
28 .6
=286
RFM = 0 .1 ½
RFM Na2CO3 x H2O = 286
106 + 18x = 286
18x = 180
X = 10  ½

You are provided with :-

- Sulphuric (IV) solution P
- 0.25M sodium hydroxide
- Solid R
You are required to determine the concentration of sulphuric (VI) acid in molar
per litre

PROCEDURE I
Using a buretted, place 50.0cm3 of sulphuric (VI) acid, solution P in a 100ml beaker. Measure
the temperature of the solution after every half – minute and record the values in table 1 .At
exactly 1 ½ minute, add solid R to the acid. Stir, the mixture gently with the thermometer
ensuring the solid is intake the solution and note the temperature of the mixture after every
half – minute and record the values in table 1.

PROCEDURE II
Transfer ALL the contents of the 100 [Link] used in procedure I into a 250ml.
Volumetric flask. Add distilled water to make up to the mark. Label this solution Q. Rinse the
burette throughout it with sodium hydroxide. Using a pipette and a pipette filler, place 25.0 cm3
of solution Q into a 250ml. Conical flask. Add two or three drops of
phenolphthalein indicator and titrate against sodium hydroxide. Record your results in
table 2. Repeat titration two more time and complete table 2.

I II III
Final burette reading
Initial burette reading
Volume of sodium hydroxide used (cm3)
(4mks)
c) Calculate the :-
i) Average volume of sodium hydroxide used

ii) the number of moles of :-

I Sodium hydroxide used.
(1mk)

II Sulphuric (VI) acid in 250 cm3 of solution Q (2mks)

III Sulphuric (VI) acid in 250cm3 of solution Q. (1mk)

d) Use part b(iv) and C (III) above to calculate the total number of moles of sulphuric (VI)
in 50cm3 of solution P.

e) Calculate the concentration of the original sulphuric (VI) acid solution P in moles per
litre’ (2mks)

Tables
I II III
Final burette reading 16.0 32.1 48.1
Initial burette reading 0.0 16.1 32.1
Volume of sodium hydroxide used 16.1 16.0 16.0
(cm3)

ii) I :V1 x 1.25 = 0.00025 V1 1mk

1000
 II Moles ratio between H2SO4 and NaOH = 1 : 2  1mk
Moles of H2SO4 in 25cm3 = ½ x 0.00025V1
= 0.000125V1 1mk
III 0.000125V1 x 250  ½ mk = 0.00125V1½ mk
25
d) Moles of part b(iv) + 0.00125V1 = Ans 1mk
e) Ans part (d) x 1000 1mk= Ans 1mk
50

1. You are provided with:-

- Aqueous Sulphuric acid labelled solution A.
- Solution B containing 8.0g per litre of Sodium carbonate.
- Aqueous solution of substance C labelled solution C.

You are required to determine:-

- Concentration of solution A.
- Enthalpy of reaction between Sulphuric acid and substance C.

PROCEDURE
 A. Using a pipette and a pipette filler, place 25.0cm 3 of solution A into a 250ml volumetric
flask. Add distilled water to make 250cm 3 of solution. Label this solution D. Place solution
D in a burette. Clean the pipette and use it to place 25.0cm 3 of solution B into a conical
flask. Add 2 drops of methyl orange indicator provided and titrate with solution D. Record
your results in table 1. Repeat the titrations two more times and complete the table.
Table 1
I II III
Final burette reading
Initial burette reading
Volume of solution D used
(4 marks)
Calculate the:-
(i) Average volume of solution D used. (1mark)

(ii) Concentration of sodium Carbonate in solution B (Na=23.0, 0=16.0, C=12.0)

(1 mark)

(iii) Concentration of Sulphuric (VI) acid solution D.

(2 marks)

(iv) Concentration of Sulphuric (VI) acid solution A.

(1 mark)

Expected titre value Table 1 is 23.5cm3

Calculations
i)
ii) Molar Mass of Na2CO3
(23x2+12+16x3)106
Concentration = 8 = ½
106
0.07547 ½
iii)H2SO4 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) Na2SO4 (aq)+CO2 ½ (aq)+H2O(l)
Mole ratio H+ : C032-
1:1
Moles of B (Na2 C03)= 0.07547 x 25
1000
=0.001887 ½
Moles of D=0.001887

Concentration of D=0.001887 x 250 ½

23.5
=0.02  ½
iv) 0.02 25cm3
? 1000cm3
1000x 0.022=0.8moles/litre ½
25

Question 1 (12 marks)

You are provided with
- Solution A containing 12.25g of sulphuric (VI) acid in 250cm3 of solution.
- 0.25m Sodium hydroxide solution B.
You are required to determine:-
i) The concentration of sulphuric (VI) acid solution A in moles per litre.
ii) The relative formula mass of the sulphuric (VI) acid solution A.
PROCEDURE
Fill the burette with solution A and pipette 25cm3 of solution B using a pipette filler in to a
conical flask. Add 2 -3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Titrate with solution A until the
pink color just disappears. Repeat the procedure two more times to complete table I below.
1 2 3
3
Final burette reading (cm )
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of solution A used (cm3)
(4marks)
Calculate:
i) The average volume of solution A used. (1mark)

ii) The number of moles of sodium hydroxide solution B that were used.
(1mark)

iii) The number of moles of solution A used.

(2marks)

iv) The concentration of sulphuric (VI) acid solution A per litre.

(2marks)

v) The relative formula mass of solution A (sulphuric (VI) acid)

(2marks)

TABLE I

1 2 3
3
Final burette reading (cm )
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of solution A used (cm3)

5 marks
ii) Moles of NaoH solution B = 25 x 0.25 ½
1000
= 0.00625 ½

iii) 2NaoH(ag) + H2SO4(aq) Na2So4(aq) + H2O (L) ½

Acid : base = 1:2 ½
.: Moles of solution A used = ½ x 0.00625 ½
= 0.003125 ½

iv) Concentration of sulphuric (vi) Acid = 1000 x 0.003125 1

Average titre
= Corr. Ans. 1

v) Grams of sulphuric (VI) acid = 1000 x 12.25 g ½

250
= 49g ½
Relative formula mass = 49
Of H2SO2 acid solution A Ans in iv above ½
= corr. Ans ½
NB: 90 < RMM ≤ 130

1. You are provided with the following:

 Sulphur (VI) acid, solution M.
 0.5M sodium hydroxide, solution N.
 Magnesium turnings (metal) solid S (0.1872g, accurately measured).

You are required to determine the concentration of Sulphuric (VI) acid in moles per litre.
Procedure I
 i) Measure 50cm3 of solution M using a clean measuring cylinder and place
it in a 100cm3 beaker.
ii) Stir the solution gently with a thermometer and take its temperature after
every half minute.
iii) Tabulate your results as shown in the table below.
Procedure II
i) Place all the solution obtained in procedure I in a clean 100cm3 measuring cylinder.
ii) Add distilled water to make 100cm3 of solution.
iii) Transfer all the solution into a beaker and shake well.
iv) Label the resulting solution as Z.
v) Fill a burette with solution N.
vi) Pipette 25cm3 of solution Z into a clean conical flask.
vii) Add 2 – 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator and titrate with solution N.
viii) Record your results as shown in the table below, repeat the titration two more times,
tabulate your results as shown below.
1 2 3
3
Final burette reading (cm )
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Titre volume of solution N used (cm3)

(3 marks)
a) Determine the average volume of solution N used.
(1 mark)

b) Write the equation of reaction for the above case.

(1 mark)

c) Derive ionic equation for the above reaction.

(½ marks)

d) Calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used as solution N.

(1 mark)

e) Determine,
 i) The moles of Sulphuric (VI) acid in 25cm3 of solution Z.
(2 marks)

ii) The moles of Sulphuric (VI) acid in 100cm3 of solution Z.

(2 marks)

f) Use the results from (e) of table 1 and (e) of table II above to calculate the total
number of moles of sulphuric (VI) acid in 50cm3 of solution M.
(1 mark)

g) Calculate the concentration in moles per litre of Sulphuric (VI) acid as solution Z.
(2 marks)

Table II
1 2 3
3
F.B.R cm 18.2 38.1 18.1
I.B.R cm3 0.00 20.0 00.0
Titre volume 18.2 18.1 18.1

a) = 18.10cm3½
b) H2SO4(aq) + NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
 1mark if correct, conforms to IUPAC balanced, correct state symbols.
Penalize ½ if wrong state symbols / missing zero if not balanced, violate IUPAC
c) 2H+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 2H2O(l)
½ mk if correct, state symbols
Or H+(aq) + OH-(aq) H2O(l)
d) Moles = morality x vol (l)
= = 9.05 x 10-3
= 0.00905 moles1
Penalise ½ if answer is rounded off.
e) i) reaction mole NaOH: H2SO4 = 2 : 1½
moles of H2SO4 in 25cm3 of
solution Z = 0.00905 x ½ 1
= 4.525 x 10-3 moles
= 0.004525½
If mole reaction ratio is missing penalize ½
ii) If 25cm3 → 0.004525
100cm3→ ? ½

f) 1.81 x 10-2 moles + 7.80 x 10-3 moles

Or
0.01810
+ 0.00780
0.02590 = 2.59 x 10-2 moles
g) Conc of H2SO4 as solution Z
= =
25cm3 → 0.004525
1000cm3→ ?

Penalize ½ if units missing or are wrong

M must be capital, penalize if M is small letter

1. You are provided with

 Solid A: 0.31 g of a carbonate (MCO3).
 Solution B: l.1M hydrochloric acid
 Solution C: 0.2M sodium hydroxide.
 Methyl orange indicator.

You are required to:

(i) Determine the molar mass of the carbonate
 (ii) Determine the relative formula mass and hence formula of the carbonate.

PROCEDURE
 Measure 50 cm3 of solution B using a measuring cylinder. Transfer all the solid A
provided into a 250cm3 volumetric flask. Transfer 50 cm3solution B into
250cm3volumetric flask containing solid A and stir the contents until the entire Solid
dissolves and no more effervescence occurs. Add more distilled water up to the 250cm3
mark and label this solution D.
 Pipette 25.0cm3 of solution D and transfer to a conical flask. Add two drops of methyl
orange indicator and titrate with solution C. Record your results in table I below.
 Repeat the titration to get two more concordant values.
TABLE 1
I II III
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Volume of C used (cm3)
(4 mks)
(a) Calculate;
(i) The average volume of solution C used.
(1mk)

(ii) The moles of solution C in the volume in (i) above.

(1mk)

(iv) The moles of D that reacted with C.

(1mk)

(v) The moles of hydrochloric acid remaining after reaction with the carbonate.
(1mk)

(vi) The moles of hydrochloric acid that reacted with the carbonate.
(1mk)
 (vii) The moles of carbonate that reacted.
(1mk)

(b) Determine the relative formula mass of the carbonate and the value of M.
(2 mks)

(ii) Ans. in (i) above x 0.2√½ = ans. a (ii) √½ mk

1000

(iii) Ratio of moles of D:C = 1:1 √½

Same as ans. as (ii) above √½
 (iv) 250 x ans. a (iii)√½= ans. a(iv) √½
25

(v) 50 x 1.1 [ans. a (iv)] √½= ansa(v) √½

1000

You are provided with:

 Magnesium ribbon, solid E
 0.7M sodium hydroxide, solution F
 Sulphuric acid, solution G
You are required to determine the concentration of sulphuric acid in moles per litre.
Procedure A
Using a burette, place 50.0cm3 of sulphuric acid, solution G in a 100ml beaker. Stir the
solution gently with a thermometer and measure its temperature after every half-minute.
Record the values in table 1 below. Fold solid E once, at exactly 1 ½ minutes, place solid
E into solution G. stir the mixture gently with the thermometer. Measure the temperature
of the mixture after every half-minute and record values in table 1(retain the mixture for
use in procedure B)

Procedure B
Rinse the burette thoroughly and fill it with sodium hydroxide, solution F. Transfer all
the contents of the 100ml beaker used in procedure A into a 250ml volumetric flask. Add
distilled water to make up to the mark. Label this solution H. using a pipette and a pipette
filler, place 25.0cm3 of solution H into a 250ml conical flask. Add two or three drops of
phenolphthalein indicator and titrate against sodium hydroxide, solution F. Record your
results in table 2. Repeat titration two more times and complete table 2

Table 2
I II III

Final burette reading

Initial burette reading

Titre (cm3)

(4mks)
Calculate the:

(i) Average volume of solution F used

(1mk)

(ii) The number of moles of:

I solution F used
(1mk)

II sulphuric acid in 25.0cm3 of solution H

(1mk)

III Sulphuric acid in 250cm3 of solution H

(1mk)
 (c) Calculate
(i) The total number of moles of sulphiric acid in 50cm3 of solution G
(2mks)

(ii) The concentration of the original sulphuric acid, solution G in moles per litre.

(1mk)

B (ii)
I Moles of solution F used
0. 7 × titre
= 1000 ✓ ½ mk
= Correct answer ✓ ½ mk
II Mole ration of H2SO4: NaOH = 1:2 ✓
Therefore moles of H2SO4 = Answer 1 x 2 ½ mk
= correct answer ✓ ½ mk
III Moles of H2SO4in 250cm3 of solution H
 Answer II x 250
= 25 ✓ ½ mk
= Correct answer✓ ½ mk
OR
Moles of H2SO4 in 250cm3 of solution H
= Ans II x 10 ✓ ½ mk
= Correct Answer✓ ½ mk

C (i)
Answer A (iv) + Answer B (ii III ✓ 1mk
Correct answer ✓ 1mk
NOTE:
Answer A (iv) and answer B (ii) III ✓must be transferred intact, otherwise penalise 1 mark for
wrong transfer of either of them or both.
However, for strange ‘figure’ used penalise FULLY.
(ii)
Answer C (i) x 1000
50 ✓ ½ mk
= Correct answer ✓ ½ mk

Total (23 marks)

1. You are provided with:

 Solution A which is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
 Solution B which is 0.2M hydrochloric acid.

You are required to determine the percentage composition by mass of sodium carbonate in the
mixture of the two compounds.

Procedure
Using a pipette and a pipette filler transfer 25cm3 of solution A into a dry clean conical flask.
Add 1 – 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Place solution B in a burette and titrate solution A
against solution B until the pink colour disappears. Record the final burette reading in table I.
Add methyl orange to the contents of the conical flask you have just used. Record the burette
reading as the initial reading in table II. Titrate against solution B to a permanent red end point.
Record the final burette reading in table II. Repeat the procedure two more times in order to
complete the tables I and II.

Table I
Experiment I II III
Final burette reading
(cm3)
Initial burette reading
(cm3)
Volume of acid B used
in cm3 (V1)
(4mks)
Table II
Experiment I II III
Final burette reading
(cm3)
Initial burette reading
(cm3)
Volume of acid B used
in cm3 (V2)
(4mks)

N.B The reactions between this mixture of alkali and sodium carbonate can be expressed using
the following equations.

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) →NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Na2CO3(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaHCO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)
NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) →NaCl(aq) + H2O (l) + CO2(g)

(a) Calculate the:

(i) Average titre for the two tables.
(2mks)
 (ii) Total volume of acid B that reacts with the sodium carbonate. Hint: one mole
of sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed from one mole of sodium carbonate.
Hence volume of the acid required to react with the carbonate completely =
2V2. (1/2mk)

(iii) Volume of acid B that reacts with sodium hydroxide only.

Hint = (V1 + V2)- 2V2. (1/2mk)

(b) Calculate the number of moles of:

(i) Hydrochloric acid (solution B) that reacts with all the sodium hydroxide in solution
A.(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………

(ii) Hydrochloric acid (solution B) that reacts with all the sodium carbonate in the
solution.(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
(c) Use your answers in (b)(i) and (ii) above to calculate the number of moles of:
(i) Sodium hydroxide in 25cm3 of the mixture.
(1mk)
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
(ii) Sodium carbonate in 25cm3 of the mixture.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
(d) Calculate:
(i) The mass of the alkali per litre of the solution.
(11/2mk)
(Na = 23.0 O = 16.0 H = 1.0)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
(ii) The mass of the Sodium carbonate per litre of the solution.
(11/2mk)
(C = 12.0)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………
(iii) Hence calculate the percentage of sodium carbonate in the mixture.
(1mk)

1. TABLE 1

Experiment I II III
Final burette reading 17.8 17.8 17.8
(cm3)
Initial burette reading 0.0 0.0 0.0
(cm3)
Volume of acid B used 17.8 17.8 17.8
in cm3 (V1)
 C=1 D=1 A=1 A=1 (4mks)
Table II

Experiment I II III
Final burette reading 24.4 24.4 24.4
(cm )3

Initial burette reading 17.8 17.8 17.8

(cm )3

Volume of acid B used 6.6 6.6 6.6

in cm3 (V2)
C=1 D=1 A=1A=1 (4mks)

(a) (i) Table I 17.8 + 17.8 + 17.8√1/2 = 53.4 = 17.8cm3√1/2

3 3

Table II 6.6 +6.6 + 6.6 = 19.8√1/2 = 6.6cm3√1/2

3 3

(ii) Volume of acid that reacts with the carbonate = 2V2

= 2 x 6.6 =
13.2cm3 √1/2 1mk

(iii) Volume of acid that reacts with the alkali.

= (V1 + V2) – 2V2
= (17.8 +6.6) – 13.2
= 11.2cm3√1/2

(b) (i) 11.2 x 0.2√1/2 = 0.00224moles√1/2

1000

(ii) 13.2 x0.2√1/2 = 0.00264 moles√1/2

1000

(c) (i) Moles of NaoH in 25cm3

Ratio NaOH : Hcl = 1:1√1/2
Therefore = 0.00224 moles√1/2

(ii) Moles of Na 2 CO3 in 25cm3

Ratio HCl : Na2CO3 = 2:1√1/2
Therefore = 1/2 x 0.00264 = 0.00132 moles√1/2

(d) (i) Mass of NaOH = 0.00224 x 1000 x 40√

25
= 3.584g√1/2
 (ii) Mass of Na2CO3 = 0.00132 x 1000 x 106√
25
= 5.5968g√1/2

(iii) % Na2CO3 in the mixture

= 5.5968 x 100√1/2
9.1808
= 60.96%√1/2

Potassium Manganate (VII)

1. You are provided with:

Solution J:xM ammonium iron(II)sulphate solution
Solution K: 0.02M potassium manganate (VII)solution
You are required to determine:
-The molarity, x of the ammonium iron (II) sulphate
- The amount of water of crystallisation, N in ammonium iron (II) sulphate
-The formula mass of ammonium iron (II)sulphate.
 Procedure

The ammonium iron (II) sulphate, (NH4)2SO4FeSO4nH2O solution provided was made
by dissolving 8.5g of the salt in 50.0cm 3 of dilute sulphuric(VI)acid, then making the solution
to 250cm3 using distilled water.
Fill the burette with solution K. Pipette 25cm3 of solution J and release into a conical
flask. TitrateJ against K until the solution becomes permanent pink. Repeat two more times and
complete the table below;-

Table 1

I II III
Final burrete racing (cm3)
Final burrete reading (cm3)
Volume of Solution K used (cm3)

a) Calculate the average volume of solution K used

b) The number of moles of solution K reacting

c) Given that equation for the reaction is:

MnO4(aq)- + 8H+(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 5 Fe2+(aq) + 4H2O(l)
Determine:
h) The number of moles of iron (II) salt solution J in 25cm3 of the solution used

iii) The molarity of solution J

iv) The concentration of solution J in grams per litre

d) From your results in C (iii) above, determine:

i) the value of “n” in the formula (NH4)2SO4FeSO4nH2O.
(N=14, H= 1, S=32, O=16, Fe=56)

ii) Correct formula of the iron (II) salt

iii) The formula mass of the iron (II) salt

Table 1.
Titre number I II III
Final burrette reading (cm3) 22.0 44.1 26.9
Initial burrette reading (cm3) 0.0
 Vol. of soln. K used cm3 22.0 22.1 21.9

CT =1
OP =1
AC =1
PA =1
FA =1
5
(a) 22.0 + 22.1 + 21.9 = 22.0cm3
3
Marking points
Complete table (CT) ……….

The table should be completed.

Penalize the following errors if any occurs.
- Arithmetic error in subtraction.
- - Values recorded beyond 50cm3
- - Inversion of table
- Penalize ½ mk only on any one of these errors.

Decimal point (d.p) 1mk

All values to be recorded to 1d.p or
All values to be recorded to 2dp second decimal value being 0 or 5 only
Award 0-mark if whole numbers used or 2dp are used.

Accuracy mark (AC)…

Consider any one candidates’ titre if within ± 0.10cm3 of school value award 1mk.
If it is ± 0.11 to 0.20 award ½ mk. If beyond 0.20 award 1mk
Averaging principle (.A)….

Three titres to be averaged if within ±0.1cm3 to one another.

Two titres can only be arranged if they are consistent.
N/B- If a student averages two titres when three are consistent award 0mk.
Final answer (F. A)…..

If averaged titre is within 0.0 to 0.10cm3 of S.V award 1mk

0.11 to 0.2cm3 of s.v award ½ mk
If beyond 0.20cm3 award 0mk.
Summary
Complete table (CT) = 1mk
Correct use of decimals(dp) = 1mk
Accuracy (AC) = 1mk
Averaging (PA) = 1mk
Final answer (FA) = 1mk)
 5mks
N/B – school vale (SV) teacher to perform practical to obtain school value.

Calculations
(b) 100cm3 has 0.02moles
22.0cm3 has- 22x 0.022 1 ½ mk
1000
= 0.00044moles ½ mk
(c) (i) mole ratio MnO4 : Fe2+ = 1:5
1 mole MnO4= 5 molFe2+ ½ mk

= 0.00044 x 5
1
= 0.0022mol ½ mk

(ii) 25cm3 has 0.00022mol

1000cm3 has = 1000 X 0.00022
25
= 0.088moldm -3

(d) (i) RFM of soln has 8.5g

1000cm3soln = 1000 x 0.85 ½ mk
250
= 34gdm-3 ½ mk

(NH4)2 SO4. FeSO4. nH2O = 386.4

2(14+1x4) + 32 + 16x4+56 + 32 + 16 x 4 + n(1x2+16) = 386.4
36 + 32 + 64 + 56 + 32 + 64 + 18n = 386.4
284 + 18n = 386.4
28n = 386.4 – 284 ½ mk
n=102.4
18 ½ mk
N=5.6  6 ½ mk

ii) (NH4)2SO4. FeSO4. 6H2O

(iii) R.F.M of J = conc. in gdm-3
Molarity
= 3.4gdm-3 ½ mk

0.0088mol
= 386.4 ½ mk
1. You are provided with:
Solution M containing 3.95g Potassium Manganate (vii), (KMnO4) per litre of solution.
Solution N, containing 49.0g of ammonium ferrous Sulphate (NH4)2SO4. Feso46H2O per
litre of
solution.
You are required to determine the reacting mole ratio of manganate (VII) Ions, MnO4
with Iron
(II) ions Fe2+.
PROCEDURE:
Using and pipette filter transfer 25.0cm3 of solution N into a conical flask. Titrate with
solution M in
the burette. No indicator is required for this experiment. Record your results in the table
below.
Repeat the procedure to obtain the accurate volumes.
Table I
1st 2nd 3rd
Final burette readings cm 3

Initial burette readings cm3

Volume of solution M used cm3
a) Determine the average volume of solution M used. (3mks)
(Show how you arrive at your answer) (1mk)

b) Calculate:
i) The concentration of solution M in moles per litre. (K = 39, Mn = 55, O = 16)
(11/2mks)

ii) The number of moles of solution M in the volume in (a) above. (1½
mks)
 iv) The concentration in moles per litre of solution N.
(11/2mks)

v) The number of moles of solution N that reacted with solution M in this

experiment (11/2mks)

c) Given that 1 mole of solution M gives 1 mole of Mno4- ions and 1 mole of solution N
gives 1 mole of Fe2+ ions. Calculate the reaction mole ratio of Fe2+ ions to Mno4- ions
(2mks)
1.
1st reading 2nd reading 3rd reading
Final burette reading 25.30 35.60 40.20

Initial burette reading 0.00 10.50 15.0

Volume of M (used) 25.30 25.10 25.20

CT = 1
D=1
AE = 1/2
FA =1/2
PA = 1
a) Average volume
25.30 + 25 .10 + 25 . 20
= 25 .10 cm 3
3
b) RFM of KMnO4 = 39 + 55 + 65 = 1591/2
i) Concentration of solution M
3. 95✓½
= = 0 . 025 M
158 ½ penalize 1/2 for units if wrong
ii) Moles of M in a) above
25 .10
x 0 . 025 = 0 . 0006275 moles
1000 1 1/2
penalise1/2 for wrong units
iii) RFM of N = 18 x 2 + 32 + 64 + 56 + 32 + 64 + 18 x 6 = 3921/2
49
Molarity of N = = 0 . 125 M
392 1 penalise1/2 for wrong units
iv) Moles of N that reacted
25
x 0 .125 = 0 . 003125 moles
100 1 1/2 penalise1/2 for wrong units
c)
MnO4 Fe
Moles used 0.0006275 0.003125 1/2
0. 0006275 0.003125
Reacting mole ratio 0. 0006275 0. 0006275  1/2
1 ≈5 1/2
Fe : MnO4 ½
5 : 1
1. (15 marks)
You are provided with
Solution A, containing 39.2gl- of FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.nH2O.
Solution B, containing 3.0gl- of KMnO4
You are required to determine the
(a) Concentration of solution A in moles per litre.
(b) Number of moles of (n) of water of crystallization in FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.nH2O

Procedure
Fill the Burette with [Link] a pipette filler, pipette 25.0cm3 of solution B into a conical
flask and titrate it with solution A until the pink colour just disappears.
Record the volume of solution A used in the table below. Repeat the
experiment twice and fill the
Table I

1 2 3

Final Burette reading

(cm3)
Initial Burette reading
(cm3)
Volume of solution A
used (cm3)

(4mks)

Calculate the average volume of solution A used?

(1mk)

(a) Determine:
(i) Concentration of solution B in moles per litre, ( K = 39, Mn = 55, O = 16).
(1mk)
 (ii) Number of moles of solution B used.
(1mk)

(b) Given that the ionic equation for reaction is:

MnO-4(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5Fe2+(aq) Mn2+(aq) + 5Fe3+(aq) + 4H2O(l)
Determine the number of moles of solution A used.
(2mks)

(c) Determine the:

(i) Concentration of solution A in moles per litre
(2mks)

(ii) The relative formulae mass of FeSO4 (NH4)2SO4.nH2O

(Fe = 56, S = 32, O = 16, N = 14, H = 1)
(2mks)

(iii) The number of moles of water of crystalisation(n) in

FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.nH2O.
 (2mks)

1.
I II III
Final burette reading (cm )3
24.0 34.1 43.9
Initial burette reading (cm3) 0.0 10.1 20.0
Volume of solution A (cm3) 24.0 24.1 23.9
C.T. 1 mk
D.P 1 mk
A.C 1 mk
P.A 1 mk
F.A 1 mk
Total 5mks
Mass
M=
a) (i) RFM
RFM of KMnO4 = 39 + 55 + 64 = 158
3
No of moles = 158  ½
= 0.01899M  ½
0. 01899 x 25
(ii) Moles of solution B = 1000 ½
= 0.00047475  ½
b) Moles of solution A = 0.00047475 x 5 ½
= 0.00237375 moles ½
c) (i) M = (0.00237375 x 1000) / average titre½
= correct answer1
(ii) RFM = 39.2 / ansc(i)1
= Correct answer1
(iii) 284 + 18n = ans c (ii)
ans c ( i ) − 284
n = 18 1
= correct ans1
Total marks for Question I = 15
1. You are provided with:
 Solution S, made by dissolving 4.9g of FeSO4 (NH4)2SO4.6H2O in 250.0cm3 of
solution.
 Solution R, a solution of Potassium Manganate(VII), KMnO4 containing 0.002
moles in 100cm3 of solution.
You are required to determine the mole ratio of R to S and write a balanced ionic
equation for the reaction that occur.
Procedure
Fill the burette with solution R. Pipette 25.0cm3 of solution S into a clean 250ml conical
flask. Add about 5cm3 of 2M Sulphuric (VI) acid and titrate with solution R from the burette
till the permanent pink colour appears. Repeat the procedure two more times and record your
results in the table below.

Table I
I II III
Final burette reading (cm3)
Initial burette reading (cm3)
Titre (cm3)

(4mks)
(a) Calculate the:
(i) Average of solution R used
(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

(ii) Concentration of R in moles per litre. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

(iii) Number of moles of R used. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

(iv) Concentration of S in moles per litre. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

(v) Number of moles of S in 25.0 cm3

(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

(b) Determine the mole ratio of R to S

(1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

(c) Write a balanced ionic equation for the reaction between solution R and solution S in
the presence of 2M Sulphuric (VI) acid (K=19,Mn=55, O=16, Fe=56, S=32, N=14,H=1)
(2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
 I II III
Final burette reading 12.6 25.0 20.9
Initial burette reading 0.0 12.6 8.4
Titre (cm3) 12.6 12.4 12.5
CT – 1
D–1
A–1
PA – 1
FA – 1
05
12. 4 + 2. 5 + 12. 6
= 12 . 5
(i) Average titre = 3

NOTES
CT – Complete table
- With 3 titrations done = 1mk
- With 2 titrations done – ½ mk
- Incomplete table with 1 titration ----0mk
PENALTIES
- penalize a maximum of ½ mk if any of all the following one committed
- wrong arithmetic, inveated table , unrealistic burette readings (above 50cm3 – unless
explained as below 1)
(b) D – Decimal
Tied to 1st and 2nd rows only
- accept either 1 or 2 d.p used consistently otherwise penalize fully
- if the 2ndd.p are used, the 2nd decimal place must be a ‘0’ or ‘5’ otherwise penalize fully
- accept in consistency in the use of ‘zero’ as initial burette reading (i.e 0.0, 0.00, 0.000)
A – Accuracy
- compare the candidates’stitre with that of the school value, tick the chosen value where it
earns a credit.
- Award fully within ±0.10 ---------------------1mk
- Award ½ mk within ±0.20 ----------------------- ½ mks
PA – Principles of averaging
- Averaged values must be within ±0.2cm3 of each other
- FA – Final answer
- (tied to correct average titre)
CALCULATIONS
1000
× 0 . 002
(ii) 100 1 = 0.02 = 02
average titre
× 0 . 02
(iii) 1000 ½ =ans ½  = 01
1000 19 .6
× 4 .9 = 0 .05 m
(iv) 250  ½ = 392  =02
25
× 0. 05
(v) 1000  ½ = 0.00125 ½ =01
(b) R : S
Ans ( iii ) 0 . 00125
:
Ans ( iii ) Ans ( iii )  ½
1 : 5 ½
NOTE:- Penalise fully if mole ratio is in decimal form e.g
1 : 4.557
- Accept 1 : 5-6 2 =02

− 2+ + 2+ 3+
(c)
MnO4 ( aq ) + 5 Fe ( aq ) + 8H ( aq ) Mn ( aq ) + 5 Fe (aq ) + 4 H 2 O (l)
1. You are provided with the following:-
(i) Solid S1, which is about 3g of sodium ethanedioate.
(ii) Solution S2, which is 0.02M Potassium manganate (Viii)
(iii) Solution S3, which is 1.0M Sulphuric Acid
You are required to determine the solubility of solid S1 at room temperature
PROCEDURE
(i) Place 3.0g of solid S1 into a dry 250cm3 conical flask and add 50.0cm3 of diluted
water from the burette.
(ii) Stir with a thermometer from a while and record the steady temperature that is
reached.
(iii) Warm the mixture to about 60oC while swirling the flask. Note that all the solid
may not dissolve.
(iv) Cool the flask using tap water until the temperature is about the initial steady
temperature.
(v) Label the solution in the flask S1, and leave it to stand for a while
(vi) Measure the temperature of solution S1 and record appropriately.
(vii) Use a dry filter and a dry funnel to filter the solution into a dry conical flask.
(viii) Measure 25.0cm3 of the filtrate into a 250cm3 volumetric flask. Add distilled
water to the mark.
(ix) Mix the solution well and label this solution S4.
(x) Pipette 25.0cm3 of solution S4 into a dry clean conical flask
(xi) Add 20cm3 of 1.0M Sulphuric Acid using a measuring cylinder
(xii) Heat the mixture to 70oC and titrate while still hot with solution S2 to a pale pink
end point.]
(xiii) Record the results in the table below.
Repeat the procedure in order to obtain concordant titres.
TABLE 1
1 2 3
 Final burette reading
Initial burette reading
Titre cm3

Mean titre = …………………… cm3

The question between the reaction between manganate (vii) ions and ethanediote ions are given
by:-
2 MnO4-(aq) +5C2O42- + 16H+ (aq) → 10 CO2+2Mn2+ (aq) 8H2O (l)
REQUIRED:-
(i) Calculate the Number of moles of ethanedioate ions that reacted with manganate
(vii) ions in the 25cm3 of solution S4.

(ii) Calculate the number of moles of ethanedioate ions in 25cm3 of the filtrate.

(iii) Calculate the solubility of sodium ethanedioate,

Na2C2O4, in g/100g water
Na= 23.0, C=12.0, O=16.0
 1 2 3
Final Burette reading
cm3
Initial Burette reading
cm3
Final Burette reading
cm3

15 .0+15 . 0+15 . 0
Mean titre = 3
Mean = 15.033 cm3
Mean = 15.0cm3

1. (i)
(
0.02 X 15
Moles of MnO4- is 1000
)
3.0 X 10-4mole
From equation: 2 moles of MnO4- react with 5 moles of C2O42-
3.0 X 10-4 Moles reacts with:
−4
3 . 0 X 10
α=7 . 5 X 10−4 moles
2
(ii) Number of Moles of C2O42- that are 25cm3 is 7.5 X 10-4
(iii) 25cm3 contain 7.5 X 10-4 moles
7 . 5 X 10−4
X 250
250cm3 will contain 25
= 7.5 X 10-3 Moles
 Moles in 25cm3 of solution S1 = 7.5 X 10-3
−3
7. 5 X 10 X 50
Moles in 50cm3 0f Solution S1 = 25
= 1.5 X 10 -2 Moles
Mass dissolved in 50ml H2O = 1.5 X 10-3X 134 = 2.01g
Mass dissolved in 100ml H2O = 2.01 X 2 = 4.02g
Solubility of S1 = 4.02g/100gH2O

2. You are provided with

 solutions U and V
 solution U is acidified potassium, manganate (VII)
 Solution V was prepared by dissolving 4.18g of solid V in distilled water to make
250cm3 of solution.

You are required to

Determine the number of moles on V that react with one mole of potassium
Manganate(VII)

Procedure.
Place solution U in a burette. Pipette 25cm3 of solution V into a 250cm3 conical falsk.
Titrate solution V with solution U until a permanent pink colour just appears. Record
your results in table II below repeat the above procedure two more times.
Table II
(4mks)
I II III
Final burette reading (cm )3

Initial burette reading (cm3)

Volume of solution U (cm3)
(a) Calculate the average volume of solution U used.
(1mks)

(b) Given that the concentration of solution U is 0.02M, Calculate the number of moles of
potassium
manganate (VII) used. (2mks)

(c) Determine concentration of solution V in moles per litre( relative formula mass of V is
278) (1mk)

(d) Determine the moles of V

(i) In 25.0cm3 solution
(1mk)

(ii) Which react with one mole of potassium manganate(VII)

(1mk)

2. (a) table 1…..…….5mks

marks distributions
complete table ………………….1mk
decimal use…….. 1mk
accuracy ……. 1mk
principle of averaging ………...1mk
final answer ….. 1mk
total 5mks

(b) Moles of KMnO4 = 0.02 x Titr√1= ans. √1

1000
(c) Concentration of V = 4.18 x 1000√1= 0.06014√1
250 x 278
(d) (i) Moles of V in 25cm3 = ans. (c) x 25√1= ans. √1
1000
(ii) Ans. (d) (i) √1 = ans. √1
ans (b)
1. You are provided with;
(i) Solution G, which is 0.1M sodium hydroxide
(ii) Solution H, which is 0.02M potassium Manganate (VII)
(iii) Solution I, which is a mixture of sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) and oxalic acid
(H2C2O4),
a dibasic acid.

You are required to find the percentage of sodium oxalate in the mixture.
Procedure I
(i) Titrate 25cm3 portion of solution I with 0.1M of solution G using 2 drops of
phenoiphthalein.
(ii) Record your result as shown in the table below.

Volume of pipette used=…………………….cm3

(½mk)
Table I

I II II
Final burette reading (cm )
3

Initial burette reading (cm3)

Volume of solution I used (cm3)

(3½mks)
Find the average titre.
(1mk)
Procedure II
(i) Use a pipette filler to pipette 25cm3 of solution H into a dry clean conical flask.
(ii) Heat the content of the conical flask to about 70oC.
(iii) Add 20cm3 of 2M sulphuric (VI) acid and titrate against solution I to a colourless
end point.
(iv) Record your results as shown in the table below.
Titration number I II II
Final burette reading (cm3)

Initial burette reading (cm3)

Volume of solution I used (cm3)

(2½mks)
Find the average titre.
(1mk)

You are given that an acidified solution of sodiumoxalate reacts in the same way with
potassium Mangenate (VII) as it does with oxalic acid. Thus;

Na2C2O4(aq) 2Na+(aq) + C2O42- (aq) and

C2O42-(aq) + 2H+(aq) H2C2O4(aq)

2KMnO4(aq)+ 5H2C2O4(aq)+ 3H2SO4(aq) K2SO4(aq) + 2 MnSO4(aq) +8 H2O(l) +

10CO2(g)

You are required to:

(a) Write an equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and the substance it
reacts
with in the mixture of solution I.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……....…
(b) Calculate the number of moles of:
(i) Oxalic acid used to neutralize sodium hydroxide in the first titration.
(1½mks)

(ii) Mass of oxalic acid in one litre of the mixture (H=1.0, C= 12.0, O=16.0)
(1½ mks)

(c) Calculate the number of moles of;

(i) Oxalate ions that react with acidified potassium Manganate (VII) in the titration.
(1½mks)

(ii) The number of oxalate ions in sodium oxalate in the 25cm3 of the mixture.
(1mk)

(iii) The mass of sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4) in one titre of the mixture.
(Na= 23.0, C =12.0, O=16.0)
(2mks)
 (d) Use your answer in b(ii) to calculate the percentage of;
(i) Oxalate acid in the mixture.
(1mk)

(ii) Sodium oxalate in the mixture.

(1mk)

1. Volume of pipette 25.0 otherwise penalize fully.

table I
complete table (1mk)
three titration done
penalize to a maximum of ½mk for ;
(i) Arithmetic error
(ii) Unrealistic values
(b)Use decimal (½mk)
- Use of one decimal in the 1st and 2nd rows ½ OR
- Use of two decimals in the 1st and 2nd rows but the 2nd decimals must be ‘0’ or ‘5’
otherwise penalize fully
(c) Accuracy (1mk)
 0.1 the school value
0.2 the school value
(d) Principles of averaging (1mk)
= I + II + III
3
= correct answer ½mk ([Link])
Penalize fully if averaged values are outside 0.2 of each other
Penalize ½mk for wrong units

(e) Final answer (1mk)

-  0.1 the school value √1mk
- 0.2 the school value √½mk

(a) 2NaOH(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) NaC2O4(aq) + CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) (balanced, state

symbols)
- penalize fully if not balanced
(b) (i) Moles of acid = ½ moles of base form the equation
 moles of acid = ½ x 0.1 x Av. Titre
1000
= correct answer √
- penalize 1/2mk for wrong nits
- -Ignore missing units
- Penalize 1 for answer outside 2 units the fourth decimal place

(ii) Answer in b(i) above x 1000

25
= correct answer
Correct answer x 126
= correct answer (penalize ½mk for missing or wrong units)
(c) (i) Moles of MnO4 = 0.02 x 25
1000
= 5.0 x 10-4 ( ½mk)
Moles of oxialate = 5.0 x 10-4 x 5/2
= 1.25 x 10-3

(ii) Answer in C(i) above – Answer in b(i) above

= correct answer

(iii) Answer in c(ii) above x 1000

Average titre (table II)
= correct answer
Mass = correct answer x 134
= correct answer (1mk) (penalize ½mk for wrong or missing units)

(d) (i) Answer in b(ii) X 100

Ans. in b(ii) + Ans. c(iii)
= correct answer (1mk) penalize ½ for missing or wrong units)
(ii) 100 - answer d(i)
= correct answer (1mk) (penalize ½mk for missing or wrong units)