MODULE FACILITATING AND ASSESSING LEARNING

CHAPTER IV: Student Diversity

Objectives:

 Explain the student diversity.

 Differentiate the individual differences, learning, thinking styles and

exceptionalities of the students.

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE

1. Visual-Spatial Intelligence

Strengths: Visual and spatial judgment

People who are strong in visual-spatial intelligence are good at

visualizing things. These individuals are often good with directions
as well as maps, charts, videos, and pictures.

2. Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence

Strengths: Words, language, and writing

People who are strong in linguistic-verbal intelligence are able to use

words well, both when writing and speaking. These individuals are
typically very good at writing stories, memorizing information, and
reading.

3. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence

Strengths: Analyzing problems and mathematical operations

People who are strong in logical-mathematical intelligence are good

at reasoning, recognizing patterns, and logically analyzing
problems. These individuals tend to think conceptually about
numbers, relationships, and patterns.

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4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence

Strengths: Physical movement, motor control

Those who have high bodily-kinesthetic intelligence are said to be

good at body movement, performing actions, and physical control.
People who are strong in this area tend to have excellent hand-eye
coordination and dexterity.

5. Musical Intelligence

Strengths: Rhythm and music

People who have strong musical intelligence are good at thinking in

patterns, rhythms, and sounds. They have a strong appreciation for
music and are often good at musical composition and performance.

6. Interpersonal Intelligence

Strengths: Understanding and relating to other people

Those who have strong interpersonal intelligence are good at

understanding and interacting with other people. These individuals
are skilled at assessing the emotions, motivations, desires, and
intentions of those around them.

7. Intrapersonal Intelligence

Strengths: Introspection and self-reflection

Individuals who are strong in intrapersonal intelligence are good at

being aware of their own emotional states, feelings, and motivations.
They tend to enjoy self-reflection and analysis, including
daydreaming, exploring relationships with others, and assessing
their personal strengths.

8. Naturalistic Intelligence

Strengths: Finding patterns and relationships to nature

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Naturalistic is the most recent addition to Gardner’s theory and has been met with
more resistance than his original seven intelligences. According to Gardner,
individuals who are high in this type of intelligence are more in tune with nature
and are often interested in nurturing, exploring the environment, and learning about
other species. These individuals are said to be highly aware of even subtle
changes to their environments.

Five Thinking Styles ( Bramson )

1. Synthesists - are creative thinkers who perceives the world in terms of. When
you say black, they think white, when you say long, they opposites think short.”
To connect with Synthesists,“listen appreciatively to their speculation and don’t
confuse their arguing nature with resistance.”
2. Idealists - believe in lofty goals and standards. “To connect with Idealists,
associate what you want to do with these goals of quality, service, and community
good.”
3. Pragmatic Thinkers - are flexible, resourceful folk who look for immediate payoff
rather than for a grand plan that will change the world. “To connect with
Pragmatists, “emphasize short-term objectives on which you can get started with
resources at hand.”

4. Analyst Thinkers - equate accuracy, thoroughness, and attention to detail with

completeness. They are likely to gather data, measure it, categorize it, and
rationally and methodically calculate the right answer to any problem you come up
with.
To connect to Analysts, provide a logical plan replete with back-up data and
specifications.”

5. Realist Thinkers - are fast moving doers who know that reality is what their senses
– sight, sound, taste, smell, and touch – tell them it is, and not that dry stuff that
one finds in accounting ledgers, or the insipid pages of manual of operations.”

4 Types of learning styles

1. Visual learners - Someone with a preference for visual learning is partial to seeing
and observing things, including pictures, diagrams, written directions and more.
This is also referred to as the “spatial” learning style. These are your doodling
students, your list makers and your students who take notes

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2. Auditory learners - Auditory learners tend to learn better when the subject matter
is reinforced by sound. These students would much rather listen to a lecture than
read written notes, and they often use their own voices to reinforce new concepts
and ideas. These are the students who like to read out loud to themselves, aren’t
afraid to speak up in class and are great at verbally explaining things. Additionally,
they may be slower at reading and may repeat things a teacher tells them.

3. Kinesthetic learners - Kinesthetic learners or “tactile” learners learn through

experiencing or doing things. They like to get right in the thick of things by acting
out events or using their hands to touch and handle in order to understand
concepts. These are the students who might struggle to sit still, might be good at
sports or like to dance, need to take breaks when studying and might not have
great handwriting.

4. Reading/writing learners - According to the VARK Modalities theory developed

by Fleming and Mills in 1992, reading/writing learners prefer to learn through
written words. While there is some overlap with visual learning, these types of
learners are drawn to expression through writing, reading articles on the internet,
writing in diaries, looking up words in the dictionary and searching the internet for
just about everything.

Learners with exceptionalities

MENTAL
RETARDATON
LEARNING SENSORY
DISABILITIES IMPAIRMENT

EXEPTIONALITIES

EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL DISABILITIES &

BEHAVIORAL HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS
DISORDER

AUTISM

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DISABILITY - measurable impairment or limitation that interferes with a person’s ability.

It may refer to a physical, sensory, or mental condition.( schiefelbusch)

HANDICAP - A disadvantage that occurs as a result of disability or impairment.

CATEGORIES OF EXCEPTIONALITIES
a. SPECIFIC COGNITIVE OR ACADEMIC DIFFICULTIES
 Learning Disabilities – involves difficulties in specific cognitive process. Like
dyslexia (reading), dyscalculia (number operations), and dysgraphia
(writing).
 Attention – deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) – difficulty in focusing and
maintain attention. Recurrent hyperactive and impulsive behaviour.
 Speech Communication Disorder – difficulties in spoken language like voice
disorders, inability to produce the sounds correctly, shuttering.

b. SOCIAL/EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIORAL DIFFICULTIES

 Autism – It is a condition manifested by different levels of impaired
social interaction and communication, repetitive behaviours and limited
interest.
 Mental Retardation – It refers to significant sub-average intelligence
and deficits in adaptive behaviour.
 Emotional/Conduct disorder – This involves the presence of
emotional states.

c. PHYSICAL DISABILITIES AND HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS

 Physical and Health Impairments – This involves physical or medical
conditions including one or more of ff.
a. Limited energy and strength
b. Reduced mental alertness
c. Little muscle control
 Severe and Multiple Disabilities – This refers to the presence of two or more
different types of disability, at times at a profound level.
 Sensory Impairments
a. Visual impairments
b. Hearing impairments
 Giftedness – significantly high level of cognitive development

For More Knowledge:

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