MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MAKILALA , NORTH COTABATO

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEPARTMENT

Social Science and Philosophy

Course Number: SSP1
Instructor: Myrachelle Joyce C. Estrada,
RPm
Course Title or Description:
Social Science and Philosophy
09630700097
Credit Units: 3 LEC
estradamyrachellejc@[Link]

Myrachelle Joyce Estrada

Module No.4
Duration: 1 week/ March 15-
19,2021
I. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
: differentiate the four main fields of Anthropology;
: identify the distinction of the five epochs;
: determine and classify the characteristics of the human race.
II. TOPICS/SUBJECT MATTER
• Anthropology
• Four Main Fields of Anthropology
• Five Epochs
• The Class Mammalia
• The Classification of human race

III. REFERENCE

Benton, T., & Craib, I. (2011). Philosophy of Social Science. London: Saffron House, 6-10
Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS.

Coloma, T. M., Llenas, M. P., Meer, T. C., & Villamil, A. T. (2012). Essentials of Sociology
and Anthropology . Quezon City: C & E publishing.

Gordon, S. (2003). The history and philosophy of social science. USA, and Canada: Taylor &
Francis e-Library.

Jonathan Veran Macayan, J. P. (2018). Understanding the Self. Quezon City, Philippines: C
& E publishing , Inc.

IV. COURSE CONTENT

Anthropology was coined from two Greek words – Anthropos which mean “man” or “ human
being”, and logos which means “ knowledge”. Man is the central concern of anthropology –
his physical, social and cultural development across time and space.

Four main Fields of Anthropology

Anthropology combines qualitative and quantitative methods of inquiry. It has four main
fields which are as follows:

1. Physical Anthropology or Biological Anthropology

Was developed in the 19th century, studies human beings through genetics,
inherited traits, evolution, and adaptation. It is called physical anthropology
because the data that it uses are mainly physical (e.g., the use of fossils,
especially human bones) to gather information on the evolutionally development
of man. Some of its subfields are population genetics, primatology, osteology, and
anthropometrics.
 2. Cultural Anthropology
Main concern are human society and culture. It examines the diversity of human
culture of the present and even of the recent past. Cultural anthropologist
investigate the culture and social organization of a particular group of people,
including their language, political organization, kinship, socialization, traditions,
and even gender relations.
3. Linguistic Anthropology
Is the science of language. Linguistic anthropology studies human
communication, i.e., the variation of language across time. It examines the
relationship between language and other aspects of culture like ethnicity, social
status and even socialization.
4. Archeology

Is the field of anthropology that examines the distribution and form of artifacts,
and the cultural patterns or movement of ancient life. It aims to reconstruct
man’s past behavior by studying fossils ( plant and animals remains and artifacts,
Data gathered from these remains are interpreted to define and explain the socio-
cultural changes in the past.

In 1962, when Robert

Fox and Alfredo
Evangelista
discovered the fossil
remains of the Tabon
man named after the
Tabon Cave in
Palawan

The Origin of Man and Society

One of the most fundamental beliefs of evolutionism is that man has evolved from beasts through
time , chance and natural selection. The interests of scientist in the origin and evolution of man have
been evident since 1930. Their ideas culminated upon the publication of organism is based on the
findings of paleontology and the study of man with other living animals.. His theory further argues
that man descended from the apes ( Palispis, 2007).
The modern human being had evolved through natural mutation , normal variation, and natural
selection. This evolution is characterized by developments which occurred six million years or more
ago, during the successive divisions of the tertiary period. This period had five epochs:

• Paleocene – This epoch, also known as “early recent”, lasted around 65 million years ago. It is
remarked by the demise of dinosaur , as well the existence of pre-primates like the femur in
Madagascar, Africa and Indonesia.
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 • Eocene – This epoch lasted 30 to 45 milllion years ago. It is marked by warm tropical climates,
along with the appearance of the order of mammals and prosimian – like primates. Anthropoids
appeared during this period.
• Oligocene – This epoch, which lasted around 30 million years ago,. During this time span,
major changes occurred like the appearance of elephants with trunks and early horses. The
landscape also experiences growth of vast tracts of grasslands.
• Miocene- This epoch lasted around 23 million years ago. Its landscape is marked by the
development of two major ecosystems: kelp forest and grasslands.
• Pliocene – This epoch lasted approximately five million years ago. It is characterized by the
cooling and drying of the global environment. The changes led to the further spread of
grasslands and growth of savannas. Life forms include those of A. robust, A. africanus, A.
anamensis, and Ardipithecus.

According to Palispis(2007) , the Class Mammalia to which also man belongs is divided into:
1. Monotremes. These are warm-blooded
mammals with high metabolic rate. They
typically have hair on their bodies and
produce milk through their mammary
glands. Monotremes lay eggs, hatch them,
and nurse the young.

Platypus

2. Marsupials. These animals have relatively

short gestation span making them give birth to their young
alive and in a premature state. Mother marsupials carry
their young for a time inside a pocket called marsupium,
located on the belly of the mother. These mammals possess
four pairs of molars in each jaw.

Kangaroo

3. Eutheria. Eutheria are placental mammals whose young are nourished prenatally through the
placenta, like the carabao, monkey, cat, dog, ape, and man.

Classification of Human Races

Since the beginning of human civilization, there have been numerous migration and mingling of
people during periods of relative stability. Anthropologist usually classify human race into three basic
types:
1. Mongoloid (also called Oriental or Mongolic) is a historical and racial category used to describe
the people form East and Southeast Asia. The term “ mongoloid” comes from the Mongol people
of East Adia , who invaded most of Eurasia in the 13 th century and established what came to
be known as the Mongol Empire. They have mixed color of skin, yellowish and light brown on
the average. Hairy types and color also vary but are usually black and straight ( Palispis, 2007)
2. Caucasoid or Caucasian is commonly used to refer to the Europeans and other light skinned
population within these areas. It is also used to denote the indigenous population of Europe ;
North Africa; and West, Central, and South Asia. They have variable skin color from the lightest
color to dark brown. They are commonly referred to as the white race (Palispis, 2007).

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 3. Negroid is a term that has its etymological roots in the Latin word niger meaning “ black”. In
modern use, this race refers to the indigenous population of Central and South Africa . Their
skin varies from yellowish brown and dark brown to black. They also have curly to frizzy hair
, wide nose, small ears and thick lips.

V. ACTIVITY/EXERCISES

Activity 4:

OFFLINE SUBMISSION : Write your activity in the answer sheet provided and submit it at the
office as soon as you accomplished it.

ONLINE SUBMISSION: Send your activity directly as a WPS or WORD format to the instructor’s
messenger.

Instructions: Look for your family picture. Observe the characteristics of your family.
describe the distinctive characteristic of your family and determine what class of human race from
the descriptions above do your family members belong. Follow the format in the answer sheet
provided.

VI. ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION

OFFLINE SUBMISSION: Write your name legibly and answer the following items. Write your
answers in the answer sheet provided after the quiz. Submit your papers at the office after
completion. PASS THE ANSWER SHEET ONLY. DO NOT INCLUDE THE MODULE.
ONLINE SUBMISSION: A link will be provided on the google classroom platform given by the
instructor. You may answer via GOOGLE FORMS. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN CAPITAL LETTERS
ONLY.
Identification: Identify the term described in each item below. Write your answers in the answer
sheet.

1. It is the study of human biological development and growth across time and space.
2. It uses artifacts and fossils to reconstruct and explain past human behavior.
3. It is the field of anthropology that studies the processes of human communication which are
relevant to social patterns.
4. It refers to the study of human society and culture.
5. It is remarked as the age where dinosaur exist.
6. It is the era that experienced a cold and dry climate that pave a way for grasslands and
savannas.
7. The appearance of elephants with their trunks and early horses were discovered in this
epoch.
8. In this timeline, it was declared to have a warm tropical climate and the order of mammals
and prosimian exists.
9. The class of the human race is characterized with wide nose with thick lips and has yellowish
brown skin color.
10. The class that is commonly known as the white race because of their skin color.

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 Answer Sheet for SSP
Name:________________________________________Sec:__________________________

Score:_____________ Module No:___________________

Activity 2

Mongoloid Caucasian Negroid

Paste Picture here Paste Picture here Paste picture here

CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS

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Quiz I.
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