Reading 1

Flow-chart completion

1. You are going to read about a traveller and explorer called Patrick Malone. Look at the
flow chart. What type of information do you think you need for each gap?
1                                      4                  

2 5

3 6
 

Patrick Malone
Born in Switzerland in 1968.

Moved to 1 ……………when he was twelve.

Studied 2 ……………at university.

Got a job as a 3 …………….

Once travelled more than 4 ……………  on foot on a single trip.

Often went walking in places that were quite 5 ……………

Joined an 6 …………… to the Amazon.

2. Use the words in the box to complete the flow chart above and then
check your answers by reading the passage.

Britain                expedition                Human Geography                          

1,400 kilometres                remote                teacher

 
 Patrick Malone (Part 1)
Patrick Malone is a traveller, writer and broadcaster. He was born in 1968 in Basel,
Switzerland, where his British parents were working for a pharmaceutical company. His
family left Switzerland when he was twelve, and returned to their home in Britain. For the
next six years, Malone attended the local secondary school. He then went to Leeds University
to do a course in Human Geography. He wanted to become a town planner. However, the
only work he could find was as a teacher at a local school.
 
During his holidays and free time, he went walking, often covering very long distances very
quickly. On one occasion he walked the entire length of Britain, a distance of over 1,400
kilometres, in less than a month. He enjoyed the experience and the challenge so much that he
started walking in different parts of the world, usually in fairly remote areas away from major
population centres. The people he met and the experiences he had on these trips provided him
with some excellent material for his classes.
 
It was during one trip that he met his old university tutor, Don Perkins. At the time, Perkins
was putting together a team of geographers and biologists for a research trip to the Amazon,
and asked Malone if he would like to go with them. The expedition was for a whole year, and
so he had to give up his job at the school, but Malone did not hesitate to accept Perkins' offer.
He sold his car to make some money, bought an airline ticket for Brazil and set off.

3. Read the next part of the passage, and complete gaps 7-12. Choose NO
MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each one.
 Patrick Malone (Part 2)
The Amazon expedition, which took six months and covered a distance of almost 2,500
kilometres, was a great success. The group discovered some new plant and insect species,
as well as a forest tribe which people had never heard of. Malone enjoyed the trip so much
that he decided to become a full-time explorer. He earned money by writing travel articles
for magazines and newspapers, which he illustrated with his own photographs.
 
In 1996, he married Margaret Logan, an American doctor he had met while travelling
around Africa. In 1998 they had Adam, the first of three children (twins Amelia and
Jennifer were born a year later). Many families at this stage would settle down, but
Margaret and Patrick decided to keep travelling, spending two years walking around India
and another twelve months exploring the islands of Indonesia.
 
When they returned home, they wrote a magazine article about travelling with small
children. It was so popular that they were asked to write several more articles on the same
subject. This was followed by an offer from a television company to present a TV series
about travelling with children. The series ran for 12 years, and won several television
awards. Today they still make the most of every opportunity to travel, and have recently
returned from the South Pacific.

Travelled 2,500 kilometres through the Amazon.

7 …………a tribe that nobody knew existed.

8 …………someone he met on a trip.

They had 9 …………: Adam, Amelia and Jennifer.

Explored the Indonesian islands for 10 ………….

Made a successful 11 …………

Still likes to 12 …………whenever possible.

Reading 2
Short-answer questions; True / False / Not Given
4. Look at this picture and answer the questions below.

    1. What do you think this person does?

       ………………………………………………………………
    2. What are the dangers involved in a job like this?
       ………………………………………………………………
       ………………………………………………………………
       ………………………………………………………………

5. You are going to read a passage about a woman called Sylvia Earle. Before you read the
passage, look at the title and the subheading. What do you think the passage will talk
about?

    a    a woman who has an interesting hobby

    b    a scientist who wants to know more about the sea
    c    a student who wants to become an underwater explorer

6. Read the passage on page 14. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A
NUMBER FROM THE PASSAGE for each answer.

    1. What career did Sylvia decide to follow after her first dive?
    ………………………………………………………………………. 
    2. How far under water did she go in order to break a world record? 
    ……………………………………………………………………….
    3. What was causing harm to everything living in the sea?  
    ……………………………………………………………………….
    4. Where does Sylvia think we should get our fish from? 
    ……………………………………………………………………….

Sylvia Earle, underwater hero

She has spent her working life studying the world's oceans Sylvia Earle is an underwater
explorer and marine biologist who was born in the USA in 1935. She became interested in the
world's oceans from an early age. As a child, she liked to stand on the beach for hours and look
at the sea, wondering what it must be like under the surface.
 
When she was 16, she finally got a chance to make her first dive. It was this dive that inspired
her to become an underwater explorer. Since then, she has spent more than 6,500 hours under
water, and has led more than seventy expeditions worldwide. She has also made the deepest dive
ever, reaching a record-breaking depth of 381 metres.
 
In 1970, she became famous around the world when she became the captain of the first all-
female team to live under water. The team spent two weeks in an underwater 'house'. The
research they carried out showed the damage that pollution was causing to marine life, and
especially to coral reefs. Her team also studied the problem of over-fishing. Fishing methods
meant that people were catching too many fish, Earle warned, and many species were in danger
of becoming extinct.
 
Since then she has written several books and magazine articles in which she suggests ways of
reducing the damage that is being done to the world's oceans. One way, she believes, is to rely
on fish farms for seafood, and reduce the amount of fishing that is done out at sea. Although she
no longer eats seafood herself, she realises the importance it plays in our diets. It would be
wrong to tell people they should stop eating fish from the sea, she says. However, they need to
reduce the impact they are having on the ocean's supplies.

7. Now decide if these statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN

according to the information in the passage.

1 Sylvia Earle lives in the USA. …………

2 Until 1970, nobody had lived underwater before. …………
3 Sylvia Earle was worried about the amount of fish that were being caught. …………
4 Her books offer some solutions to marine problems. …………
5 She thinks people should avoid eating seafood. …………
PRACTICES Practice 1: Read the following text about universities.

Religion was central to the curriculum of early European universities. However, its
role became less significant during the 19th century, and by the end of the 1800s,
the German university model, based on more liberal values, had spread around the
world. Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20th centuries, and
became increasingly accessible to the masses. In Britain, the move from industrial
revolution to modernity saw the arrival of new civic universities with an emphasis
on science and engineering. The funding and organisation of universities vary
widely between different countries around the world. In some countries,
universities are predominantly funded by the state, while in others, funding may
come from donors or from fees which students attending the university must pay.

Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the
passage.

1. The German university model, which became popular in the 19th century,
promoted ______.

2. Over the last 200 years, a university education has become ______ the general
public.

3. Depending on the country, universities may be funded by the state, by donors, or

by feepaying ______.

Practice 3: Read the following text about pedestrian zones in cities.

A large number of European towns and cities have made part of their centres car-
free since the early 1960s. These are often accompanied by car parks on the edge of
the pedestrianised zone, and, in the larger cases, park and ride schemes. Central
Copenhagen is one of the largest and oldest examples: the auto-free zone is centred
on Strøget, a pedestrian shopping street, which is in fact not a single street but a
series of interconnected avenues which create a very large auto-free zone, although
it is crossed in places by streets with vehicular traffic. Most of these zones allow
delivery trucks to service the businesses located there during the early morning,
and street-cleaning vehicles will usually go through these streets after most shops
have closed for the night. In North America, where a more commonly used term is
pedestrian mall, such areas are still in their infancy. Few cities have pedestrian
zones, but some have pedestrianised single streets. Many pedestrian streets are
surfaced with cobblestones, or pavement bricks, which discourage any kind of
wheeled traffic, including wheelchairs. They are rarely completely free of motor
vehicles.

Fill the gaps below with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS from the text.

[Link] some cases, people are encouraged to park ________ of the town or city centre.

[Link] only vehicles permitted in most pedestrian zones are those used for ________ or
________ cleaning.

[Link] types of road surface can be used to ________ traffic

Practice 4: Fill the gaps

The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were two American brothers, inventors,
and aviation pioneers who were credited with inventing and building the world's
first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained
heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. In the two years afterward,
the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing
aircraft. The brothers' fundamental breakthrough was their invention of three-axis
control, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its
equilibrium. This method became standard and remains standard on fixed-wing
aircraft of all kinds. From the beginning of their aeronautical work, the Wright
brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to
solving "the flying problem". This approach differed significantly from other
experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines.
Using a small homebuilt wind tunnel, the Wrights also collected more accurate data
than anyone had before, enabling them to design and build wings and propellers
that were more efficient than rival models. They gained the mechanical skills
essential for their success by working for years in their shop with printing presses,
bicycles, motors, and other machinery. Their work with bicycles in particular
influenced their belief that an unstable vehicle like a flying machine could be
controlled and balanced with practice.

Fill each gap in the summary below with a maximum of 2 words.

In 1903, the Wright brothers completed development of the first airplane that was
capable of sustaining controlled ______. The key to their success was a system that
gave the pilot the means to control and ______ the airplane. This set them apart from
other inventors who had focused on building ______. The brothers had previous
experience with a wide variety of ______, but it was their work with ______ that had the
greatest influence on their ideas.

Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.

It is said that most people have no more than 30 friends at any given time, and 400
over the whole of their lives. However, on social networking sites, most users have
about 150 friends. If these numbers are correct, then friendship means different
things in different situations.

One of the reasons for having more online friends than real friends at a certain point
in time is that online friendships do not require much time and energy: it is easy to
accept friendships and keep them forever. Another possibility is that it is difficult to
say ‘no’ when somebody asks us to be their friend online, even if we feel we don’t
really know them. The fact that they ask us suggests that they do consider us a
friend, which is a nice feeling. Alternatively, they may be ‘collectors’ of online friends
and just want to use us to get a higher number of friends and appear to be popular.

Online friendships are quite easy, but in the real world decisions about friendships
are harder to make. There are no rules about friendship. There are no guidelines
about how to make friends, how to keep friendships going, and how to finish
friendships if we want to move on. People have very different opinions about this:
some people would die for their friends and they value them more than family.
Others say that friends are temporary, only there to help each other until they are
no longer needed. If people with such different views become friends, this can lead
to problems.

Because of these different definitions of friendship, it is easy to be unhappy about

our friendships. We may want them to be deeper or closer, or we may want to have
more friends in our lives. Sometimes we simply do not have the time to develop our
friendships, or we fear we have left it too late in life to start. If we move to another
country or city, we have to find ways to make new friends again.

This dissatisfaction shows us how important friendships are for most of us. We
should not think that it could be too late to build friendships. We also need to
understand that the need to be around other people is one that is shared by many.
Therefore, we should not be too frightened about starting to talk to people who in
the future may become our friends: it is likely that they too would like to get closer
to us. Remember what people say: strangers are friends we have not met yet.

0Câu 46
How many friends do the majority of people probably have?

A. 400 internet friends over the course of their lives

B.a minimum of 30 real friends

C. 150 internet friends

D. 30 real friends or fewer

Câu 47

It is difficult _________

A. to trust what you read on social networking sites.

[Link] believe the numbers about friendship.

C. to keep your friends happy.

D. to give a definition of 'friendship'.

Câu 48

Friendship means __________

A. dying for your friends if you need to

B. different things to different people.

C. helping each other until it is no longer necessary.

D. accepting people with different views.

Câu 49

Sometimes people worry because __________

A. there are no guidelines about friendship.

B. they think they are too old to make friends.

C. they spend too much time with friends.

D. they think that they have too many friends.

Câu 50

Most of us _________

A. are frightened to talk to strangers.

B. need to be with others.

C. build friendships late in life.

D. are dissatisfied with our friends