INSTITUTE OF AVIATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

PREPARATORY YEAR
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
[Link] Elgendy______Eng.Marwa Mohamed Ali
Exercise No. One
1 -Find the force of attraction in Newtons between the charges Q1 and Q2 shown in the Fig. When:
a- r= 1m, b- r= 3m, c- r= 10m.

+ 1μc -2μc

Q1 r Q2

2- Find the force of repulsion in Newtons between Q1 and Q2 when:

a- r= 1km, b- r= 0.1km c- r= 0.01km

+8μc +40 μc

Q1 r Q2

3 Determine the distance between two charges of 20 μc if the force between the two charges
is 3.6*104 N.
4- Two charged bodies Q1 and Q2 when separated by a distance of 2m, experience a force of
repulsion equals to 1.8 N.
a- What will the force of repulsion be when they are 10m apart?
b- If the ratio of Q1/Q2 = 1/2 fond Q1 and Q2 (r=10m).
c-
5- If 0.784 *1018 electrons pass through a wire in 643 ms. Find the current.

6- Will a fuse rated 1A blow if 86 C pass through it in 1.2 min.

7- How many electrons pass through a conductor in 1 min., if the current is 1A?
8- What is the voltage between two points if 96 mJ of energy are required to move 50*1018
electrons between the two points?
9- If the potential difference between two points is 42 v, how much work is required to bring
6 C from one point to the other?
10- Find the charge Q that requires 96 J of energy to be moved through a potential difference
of 16 v.
11- If a conductor with a current of 200 mA passing through it converts 40 J of electrical
energy into heat energy at 30 s, what is the potential drop across the conductor?

12- The potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is 24 v. If 0.4J energy
were dissipated in a period of 5 min., what would the current be between the two points?
13- How much resistance is required to limit the current to 1.5mA if the potential difference
across the resistance is 6v .

14- If the current through a 0.02MΩ resistor is 3.6μA, what is the voltage drop across the
resistor.

15- If a refrigerator draws 2.2A at 120v what is its resistance.

16- If a clock has an internal resistance of 7.5 k Ω find the currrent through the clock if it is
plugged into a 120-v outlet.

17- If 420J of energy are absorbed by a resistor in 7 min. what is the power delivered to the
resistor.

18- How many joules of energy does a 2W night light dissipate in 8h?
How many kilowatt-hours does it dissipate?

19- What are the internal resistance and voltage rating of a 450W automatic washer that
draws 3.75A?

20- A 20-kΩ resistor has a rating of 100 W what are the maximum current and the maximum
voltage that can be applied to the resistor?

21- Plot power versus current for a 100 Ω resistor use a power scale from 0 to 1W and a
current scale from 0 to 100 mA with divitions of 0.1W and 10mA respectively. Is the relation
linear or nonlinear? Using the resulting plot determine the current at a power level of 500
mw.

22- How much energy in kilowatt-hours is required to keep a 230W oil-burner motor running
12h a week for 5months?
23- What is the total cost of using the following at 0.1 LE per kilowatt-hour: an 860-W air
conditioner for 24h, a 4800-W clothes dryer for 30 min, a 400-W washing machine for 1h and
a 1200-W dishwasher for 45min.

24- How long can a 1300-W heater be on before using more than 10Kw of energy.
 INSTITUTE OF AVIATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
PREPARATORY YEAR
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Exercise No. two

1- A rectangular carbon block has dimensions 1.0cmx1.0cmx50cm (i) what is the

resistance measured between the two square ends (ii) between two opposing rectangular
faces. (Resistivity of carbon at 20oC is 3.5x10-5 Ω-m).

2- A current of 5A exists in a 10-Ω resistance for 4min. (i) How many coulombs
and (ii) how many electrons pass through any section of the resistor in this time? (Charge
of electron=1.6x10-19C).

3- The resistance of the wire used for telephone line is 35 Ω per kilometre when the
weight of the wire is 5kg per kilometre. If the specific resistance of the material is
1.95x10-8 Ω-m, what is the cross-sectional area of the wire?. What will be the the
resistance of a loop to a subscriber 8 km from the exchange if the wire of the same
material but weighing 20 kg per kilometre is used?

4- Calculate the resistance of 100m length of a wire having a uniform cross-

sectional area of 0.1 mm2 if the wire is made of manganin having a resistivity of 20x10-8
Ω-m?. If the wire is drawn out to three times its original length, by how many times
would you expect its resistance to be increesed?

5- A cube of a material of side 1 cm has a resistance of 0.001 Ω between its

opposite faces. If the same volume of the material has a length of 8 cm and a uniform
cross-section, what will be the resistance of this length?

6- A lead wire and an iron wire are connected in parallel. Their respective specific
resistances are in the ratio 49:24. The former carries 80% more current than the latter and
the latter is 47% longer than the former. Determine the ratio of their cross-sectional
areas?

7- A coil of copper wire has a resistance of 90 Ω at 200C and is connected to a 230-V

supply. By how much must the voltage be increased in order to maintain the current constant if the
temperature of the coil rises to 600C ? Take the temperature coefficient of resistance of copper as
0.000428 from 00C.

8- The coil of a relay takes a current of 0.12A when it is at the room temperature of 150C and
connected across a 60-V supply. If the minimum operating current of the relay is 0.1A, calculate
 the temperature above which the relay will fail to operate when connected to the same supply.
Resistance-temperature coefficient of the coil is 0.0043 per 1 0C at 0 0C.

9- A semi-circular ring of copper has an inner radius of 6 cm, radial thickness of 3 cm and an
axial thickness 4 cm. Find the resistance of the ring at 600C between its two end-faces. Assume
specific resistance of Cu at 200C = 1.724x10-6 Ω-cm and resistance temperature coefficient of Cu
at 00C = 0.0043 per 10C.

10- A piece of resistance wire 15.6 m long and of cross-sectional area 12 mm2 at a temperature of
0
0 C, passes a current of 7.9A when connected to a d.c. supply at 240V. Calculate (i) resistivity of
the wire, (ii) the current which will flow when the temperature rises to 550C. The temperature
coefficient of the resistance wire is 0.00029 Ω/ Ω/10C.

11- a- Calculate the resistance of 1 km long cable composed of 20 strands of similar copper
conductors, each strand being 1.23 mm in diameter. Allow 5% increase in length for the twist of
each strand in completed cable at temperature 200C . Resistivity of copper may be taken as 1.7*10-
8
Ω-m at 200C.
b- What will be the resistance of that cable when its temperature increases to 450C.
Take the temperature coefficient of the copper to be 0.000393 at 200C.
 INSTITUTE OF AVIATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
PREPARATORY YEAR
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Exercise No. three
1- Calculate the values of two resistances which when connected in series give 50Ω and 8 Ω
when in parallel.
2- Calculate the battery current and equivalent resistance of the network shown in Fig. 1
8Ω 6Ω

24v 4Ω 6Ω 12v 4Ω

12 Ω Fig.1 Fig.2 24 Ω
3- Compute the value of the battery current in Fig.2.
4- An electrical lamp whose resistance when in use is 2 Ω is connected to the terminals of
dry cell whose e.m.f. is 1.6 v. If the current through the lamp is 0.5A, calculate the internal
resistance of the cell and the potential difference between the terminals of the lamp. If two
such cells are connected in parallel find the resistance which must be connected in series with
the arrangment to keep the current the same as before.
5- A resistance of 10 Ω is connected in series with two resistances each of 15 Ω arranged in
parallel. What resistance must be shunted across the parallel combination so that the total
current taken shall be 1.5A with 20 V supply.
6- Determine the voltages Va and V1 for the network:

R1 =2K Ω R2 = 3K Ω + - 47 V +

A
20V + R3 4K Ω

V1
 7- Find the value of the resistor R1 in the shown network:

Ω 120 Ω

RT = 10 Ω R1 24 Ω

8- The network shown in the Fig. represents the equivalent circuit of a digital-to-analog
(D/A) converter. What is the value of the output voltage V0.

8 kΩ 2 kΩ

12 v

V0
2 kΩ 1 kΩ

9- Which of the following statement is true both for a series and a parallel circuit?
Powers are additive
Voltages are additive
Currents are additive
Elements have individual currents

10- You have to replace a 1500 Ω resistor in a radio. You have no 1500 Ω resistor but have several
1000Ω ones which you would connect
Three in parallel
Three in series
Two in parallel
Two in parallel and one in series
11- Deduce the current I in the circuit of the Fig. All resistors are in ohms.

I 3Ω 2Ω 2Ω

100v 2Ω 6Ω 6Ω 12Ω 4Ω
 INSTITUTE OF AVIATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
PREPARATORY YEAR
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Exercise No. four
1. Find a complete solution for the circuits shown in Fig.1-4
5kΩ 6.8kΩ 47 kΩ

22 kΩ
3 kΩ 6 kΩ 24v 3.9 kΩ

10 kΩ
12 kΩ 4 kΩ 10 kΩ 50v

5 kΩ 22 kΩ
Fig.1 Fig.2
15 kΩ
1 kΩ 4 kΩ
15 kΩ

36v 15 kΩ 20v 11 kΩ 3 kΩ

27 kΩ 27 kΩ

Fig.3 Fig.4
2- What current would flow through a 200 Ω resistor connected between nodes A and B in
Fig.5.
5 kΩ

10 kΩ A 200 Ω B

15v 2 kΩ 1 kΩ
 Fig.5

3- A voltage divider is shown in Fig.6. How must the potentiometer be set to provide an output voltage
of 30v (what is the resistance above and below the slider?).

100v potentiometer 1 kΩ

VL
 INSTITUTE OF AVIATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
PREPARATORY YEAR
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Exercise No. (5)
(1) For the configuration of the Fig.1 Find:
a- the currents I2 , I6 , I8
b- the voltages V4 , V8
V4
R1 R3 R4 I6 R6

10Ω I2 10 Ω 6Ω 6Ω I8
100 V R5 R7 R8
R2 30Ω V8
6Ω 3Ω 10Ω

Fig.1

(2) For the network of Fig.2:

a- determine the currents Is , I1 , I3 and I4
b- calculate Va and Vbc Va

I4 14 Ω 6Ω

c b
I3
R1 10 Ω 20 Ω 20v 5Ω

I1

Fig.1
(3) For the networks shown in figures from 3 to 7 write the mesh equations and then find the
currents through all the branches of the networks:

4V 5.6K Ω

1Ω 6Ω 2 2Ω 6Ω
2.3KΩ 1.2KΩ 0.22K Ω

5V 10V 6V 4Ω 3V 2mA
 9V

Fig.3 Fig.4 Fig.5

6Ω 2Ω

8Ω 2Ω 7Ω 1Ω 4V 2V

2V 1Ω 3Ω 4Ω
4V 9V

Fig.6 Fig.7

(4) Write the nodal equations for the networks shown in the Figures 8 and 9 and then find the
nodal voltages for the networks:

3Ω 12Ω

2A 6Ω 3A
6Ω 4Ω 2Ω 6Ω 2A

4A

Fig.8 Fig.9

(5) Use the node analysis to find the branch currents Ia ,Ib ,Ic ,Id and Ie in the circuit shown in
the Figure. Calculate the power supplied by each source and the total power dissipated in the
shown circuit 4A

60 Ω Ic 100 Ω

Ia Ib Id
120V 125 Ω 200 Ω 1A

200 Ω

Ie
 INSTITUTE OF AVIATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
PREPARATORY YEAR
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Exercise No. (6)
1- Determine Thevenin's equivalent circuits for terminal pair AB for the networks shown in
Fig.1-2. 4A
15Ω 6Ω A 2Ω 1Ω A

30V 10 Ω 12V
6Ω 6Ω

4Ω B 1Ω 1Ω B

Fig.1 Fig.2
2- Using Thevenin's theorem determines the current in the 1- Ω resistor in the network
shown in Fig.3.

7Ω 1.2 Ω A

21V 7Ω 2Ω 1Ω

5Ω 18 Ω B

Fig.3

3- Find Norton's equivalent for terminal pair AB for the networks shown in Fig.1-2.
4- Using Norton's theorem determines the current in the 1- Ω resistor in the network shown
in Fig.3.
5- The Thevenin equivalent circuit of a certain circuit consists of a 6v-dc source in series
with a resistance of 3 Ω. The Norton equivalent of another circuit is a 3-A current source in
parallel with a resistance of 6 Ω. The two circuits are connected in parallel like polarity to
like. For this combination determine: (i) Norton equivalent. (ii) Thevenin equivalent.
6- Apply Norton's theorem to find the current flowing through the 3.6- Ω resistor of the
circuit shown in Fig.4
6- Ω 15v
 4 Ω 10v

Fig.4 3.6- Ω
7 -Using superposition theorem compute the power dissipated in the 5 -Ω resistor in the circuit
shown in Fig.5
3Ω

6Ω 2Ω 4A 5Ω

12v

Fig.5
5 8- Use Thevenin's theorem to find the current I that will flow through the switch S
in fig.6 when it is closed. Specify the direction as well as magnitude of I.

Ω 4Ω

21 Ω 40V 16 Ω

I
S 6Ω
Fig.6
9 -Using Millman's theorem, find the current through and the voltage across the resistor RL in
the circuit of Fig.7
R1 5 Ω

R2 2Ω R3 4 Ω RL 3 Ω
E1 10V

E2 8V E3 16V

Fig.7
10 -Find the voltage across the 3 -Ω in the circuit shown in Fig.8.
2Ω 6Ω 10 Ω

8v 4Ω 3Ω 1v

Fig.8
11- Find the Norton equivalent external to R for the shown circuit. Find the current
that will flow and the power dissipated in R if its value is 1Ω?

1 Ω a
R
4Ω 4Ω b

12v 4Ω 4v

12- Using Millman's theorem, find the current through and the voltage across the resistor RL
of the network shown in the Figure and find the power dissipated in it.
(10 Marks)

R3 10 KΩ

R1 200Ω
V2 20 v V3 10 v

RL 200Ω
V1 400 v R2 100Ω
 INSTITUTE OF AVIATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
PREPARATORY YEAR
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Exercise No. (7)
_________________________________________________________________________
1- Using superposition find the current in the 4-Ω resistance in the circuit shown in
Fig.1.

2Ω 1Ω 3Ω

2v 12 Ω 4Ω 4v

Fig.1
2. Using superposition theorem determine the voltage across the 4- Ω resistor in the
network shown in Fig.2

2 Ω 8Ω

100 v 4Ω 2Ω 5A

Fig.2
 3. Compute the power dissipated in the 9 -Ω resistance in the circuit shown in Fig.3
by applying the superposition principle.

6Ω

12 Ω 4Ω 4A 9Ω

22v

Fig.3

4. Apply the superposition principle to compute the current in the 2- Ω resistor in the circuit
shown in Fig.4 2Ω

24A 4Ω 6Ω 6A

Fig.4
5. With help of superposition compute the current Iab in the circuit shown in Fig.5

10 Ω a 5Ω b

30v 10 Ω 5Ω 12A

Fig.5

6. Use superposition to find the current Iab in the circuit shown in Fig.6

a 30v b

60A 50 Ω 150 Ω 20A

 Fig.6

7. Use superposition to find the current in the 10 Ω resistor in the circuit shown in Fig.7

25 Ω 1Ω

50v 25v 10 Ω

Fig.7

8. Using the principle of superposition find the current I2 through the 12-k Ω resistor.
I2
R1 R2
6 6 KΩ 12K Ω

I 6mA
9 V

R3
4 14KΩ 35KΩ
 INSTITUTE OF AVIATION ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
PREPARATORY YEAR
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Exercise No. (8)
1- A circular iron ring 20-cm in diameter has an air-gap 1mm wide cut in it.
The area of cross-section of the iron is 3.6cm2. Estimate the number of ampere-
turns needed to send a flux of 0.5 mWb through the air-gap. Assume the
permeability of iron to be 650.

2- An iron ring of mean length of 50cm has an air-gap of 1mm and a winding of
200 turns. If the permeability of the iron is 400 when a current of 1.25 Amperes
flows through the coil, find the flux density.

3- A ring shaped electromagnet has an air-gap 6-mm long and 20 cm2 in area
the mean length of the core being 50 cm and its cross-section 10 cm2. Calculate
the Ampere-turns required to produce a flux density of 0.5 mWb per m2 in the
air-gap. Assume the permeability of the iron is 1800.

4- If a coil of 150 turns is linked with a flux of 0.01 Wb when carrying current
of 10 Amperes. Calculate the inductance of the coil. If this current is uniformly
reversed in 0.01 sec. Calculate the induced electromotive force.

5- Discuss the magnetic hysteresis of the magnetic materials with the help of
the relation between the magnetizing force H=NI/l and the flux density B.

6- Prove that the inductance of a solenoid is given by:

L( = μ N2 A)/ l.
where:
L is the inductance in Henry
N is the number of turns
A is the cross section area of its core
l is the length of its core
μ is the permeability of the core. (μ= μr μ0 and μ0 = 4π*10-7)

7- A circular iron ring having a cross-sectional area of 10 cm2 and a length of

4π cm. The relative permeability of iron is 1000 and permeability of free space
 is 4πx10-7 H/m. The ring is wound with a coil of 2000 turns and carries 2mA
current. Determine the reluctance of the ring, then find the magnetic flux density
through the ring.

8- An inductor with iron core of length 15 cm and diameter of 4 cm has 300

turns. Find its inductance given that the relative permeability of the iron μr =
2000. If this inductor is connected in parallel with another similar one, what will
be the total inductance of them if the coefficient of coupling between them
equals zero(k = 0).

9- Calculate the inductance of a solenoid of 25cm length, cross-sectional area of

2.5cm2 and wound with 2000 turns. The core is made of iron whose μr = 1000.
If three of such coil are connected in parallel, what will be their equivalent
inductance?

10- An inductor with iron core of length 50 cm and diameter of 5 cm has 500
turns. Find its inductance given that the relative permeability of the iron μr =
2000. If this inductor is connected in series with another similar one, what will
be the total inductance of them if the coefficient of coupling between them
equals zero(k = 0).

11- A solenoid inductor with iron core of length 20 cm and diameter of 2 cm has
350 turns. Find its inductance given that the relative permeability of the iron μr
= 2500. If this inductor is connected in parallel with another similar one, what
will be the total inductance of them if the coefficient of coupling between them
equals zero(k = 0).