Question 1: Access your state or territory legislation and then answer the following

questions:

a. When, where and how hazards must be identified?

Hazards can be identified;

 While initiating a task

o examination equipment or follow processes
o Checking surroundings ahead of each shift
 As the tasks are in progression stage
o Be conscious of changes, abnormal circumstances, or unexpected emission
 After incident
o Near miss or trivial events
o injury
 During planning and execution
o Making a new procedure or system
o Buying and installment of latest machinery
 During inspection
o Informal inspections, formal inspections, supervision, health and safety team

b. When, where and how risk assessments must be conducted?

According to the Health and Safety Executive risks should be assessed “each time, a new
machinery is operated, products or procedures followed, which might lead to any hazard.”

An in-charge can carry out risk assessment,

 Whenever there is a new employee or there is more probability of high staff turnover, so
the way new staff handles protocols should be checked and training should be provided
 If some event results to alert the employees presence during a hazard
 If an employee is breast feeding or is pregnant her work might impact the unborn child’s
health and safety

When the risk is assessed it is to be determined that;

 What type of risk analysis measures can be used

 Which resources might be required (e.g., a trained team to carry out assessment, types of
information sources etc.)
 The stake holders involved (e.g., supervisors, workers, worker representatives, suppliers,
managers etc.)
 The relevant laws, codes, regulations, conducts must be applied in your jurisdiction as
well as company’s procedures and codes
c. Explain consultation requirements in relation to the hazard identification and risk
assessment process.
In relation to hazard identification and risk assessment it is necessary to research about what
might be a hazard and the extent of damage it may cause. Different sources of information may
include:
 A manual sheet, operational instructions by manufacturer
 Examination or trial for exposure
 Case study of experiences by other organizations similar to yours
 Safety association
 Access to publications, alerts, information by other regarded organizations
 Government agencies, labor union
 Working on safety data sheets
d. Explain the purpose of WHS committees and their importance in regards to
consultation.
The main purpose of WHS committee is to address work health and safety issues that affect the
employees. This may involve workplace hazards, implementation of new inspection procedures,
reviewing the training requirements. They aim to create a joint committee that includes the
management personals and workers that will work to improve safety procedures and reduce
possibility of any hazard.
It is very important to consult with WHS committee regarding work place hazard protocols as
their primary purpose is to assist cooperation among departments, workers, to address, identify
and resolve concerns regarding health and safety. They develop plans and procedures to resolve
the identified issue.

e. Explain the purpose of WHS representatives and their importance in regards to

consultation.
The health and safety representatives are also known as HSRs. They are workers who are
selected to signify the health and safety of individuals in a work group. They are designated to
work on health and safety issues, concerns and interests. These representatives facilitate the
consultation and communication and embody crucial link among employees and employers.
They also monitors that the person conducting business is meeting all standards of health and
safety during his designed tasks. The representative always works within group and aware the
managers about hazards and safety issues and health and safety matters.

f. Outline two record keeping requirements relating to hazards and risks.

For an effective health and safety management system keeping record is the most important
thing. It helps to maintain a balance and keep employees safe from mishaps. Record keeping
requirements involve,

 A statement of risk management and safe work methods

 Reports of incident
  Modifications and inspections to registered plant
 Health monitoring results
 Record keeping for training and licenses

Question 2: Identify an organization of your choice within the hospitality industry. This
can be one you are familiar with and can access information about (e.g. through the
Internet) or a workplace where you are completing or have already completed your work
placement.

a. What group risk assessment mechanisms does the organization commonly use?
Describe at least two.

The risk assessment is the most important part to ensure safety of every member in group. In
order to achieve that the organization I worked with also had protocols. The procedure
involved following steps,
1. Establishing the context: which involves key stake holders, activities and
procedures designed to train employees, conducting SWOT analysis
2. Identification of risk: any natural or other disaster, economic crisis, health
related incidents, terrorism, political issues, COVID 19 related policies
3. Analyzing and evaluating risk: determining likelihood of the crisis to
occur and its precautions, Can the risk be treated on spot by group
members or it requires external help etc.
4. Treat risk
b. Describe the format of hazard identification and risk assessment templates that the
organisation uses and how they are used.
To access the risk consequences of safety hazard a risk matrix is used. They first measure
severity of injury and probability of person getting injured.
c. What commonly used methods does the organisation use for identifying hazards in the
workplace?

Organizations usually start with discussions, encourage workers to recognize hazards,

carry out safety inspections and audit, conduct job safety analysis, evaluate working
environment, they conduct hazard surveys, review information, research data on risks,
look up past incidents reports.

d. What commonly used methods does the organisation use for assessing risks to safety?
For risk assessment there are five steps which includes, identifying hazard, list controls,
access risk level, determine risk acceptability and taking action.
 Question 3: Thinking about the hospitality industry and typical hazards and the
systematic methods used to assess risk, answer the following questions:

a. List each of the four steps for in the risk management process.

The procedure involved following steps,

1. Establishing the context: which involves key stake holders, activities and
procedures designed to train employees, conducting SWOT analysis
2. Identification of risk: any natural or other disaster, economic crisis, health
related incidents, terrorism, political issues, COVID 19 related policies
3. Analyzing and evaluating risk: determining likelihood of the crisis to
occur and its precautions, Can the risk be treated on spot by group
members or it requires external help etc.
4. Treat risk
b. Describe two typical hazards.
In a hospitality environment the use of chemicals is found in cleaning products. While
dispensing drinks there can occur any accident in mixing of these chemicals and its
consumption may result in a hazardous situation.

Similarly, Kitchen is at a great risk of fire, reason being gas leaks, naked flames, and
flammable substances. It is important to ensure the staff understands how to tackle the
emergency procedure and how fire spreads.

c. List two injuries/illnesses/consequences that could result from the hazards?

1. Fire burn/ skin burns
2. Diarrhea or vomiting due to accidental chemical consumption

d. What are the overall consequences of a worker being exposed to the hazards identified?
If a worker is being exposed to any hazard in a workplace it can result in injury,
illness or may even cause adverse health effects
e. For the hazards you have identified, estimate the probability that an incident or injury
will occur. Think about this in terms of a risk assessment legend.
To estimate the probability of any incident to occur depends in the extent to which
people are in contact with the potential hazard. For example in a kitchen cooking is
always done in presence of fire and cleaning is always done after cooking so both
situations pose maximum level of risk of a hazard to occur.

f. For the hazards you have identified, what would you say is the overall risk level for
the identified hazards? Think about this in terms of a risk assessment legend
 Once the hazard is identified the other step is risk assessment which aims to estimate
the risk associated with identified hazard. A wide variety of analytical tools are used
for this purpose which include qualitative, semi qualitative methods of an event to
occur

Question 4: Thinking about the hospitality industry and the hierarchy of control, answer
the following questions:

a. Explain the hierarchy of control.

The hierarchy of control involves eliminate hazards and risks (highest level and
protection), reduce the risk (substitution, isolation engineering), administrative
control (low level of protection) and personal protective equipments
b. Identify a typical hazard for which substituting a safe system of work would be a
suitable control. Describe the hazard and the isolating measure.
Substituting a chemical or substance with less hazardous substance can create a safe
working system. This can involve substituting a poisonous or harmful chemical
compound used in cleaning to be substituted with a mild agent that can be dry or
volatizing and would be less harmful.
c. Identify a typical hazard for which isolating the hazard would be a suitable control.
Describe the hazard and the isolating measure.
Implementing a process to avoid the way a hazard can occur is a suitable control and
as an example a typical hazard like gas leak or fire can be removed and replaced with
an electric stove or microwaves is a suitable control.
d. Identify a typical hazard for which engineering controls a suitable control. Describe the
hazard and the engineering control.
Engineering controls are effective when the design of a machine is modified that is
causing problem. The changing or modifications in exhaust fan might be an example.
e. Identify a typical hazard for which administrative controls would be a suitable control.
Describe the hazard and the administrative control.
Administrative control limits the workers exposure to hazard. It can be done by
restricting task to only competent people, using job rotation, rescheduling, reducing
length of working hours
f. Identify a typical hazard for which personal protective equipment would be a suitable
control. Describe the hazard and the PPE.
PPE or personal protective equipments include items like respirators, gloves, eye
shield, foot ware that becomes barrier between chemical and wearer. It is effective in
hazards with chemical exposures
g. Identify a hazard for which combined controls would be appropriate. Describe the
hazard and the combined control measures which would be appropriate.
Combined control measures include administrative and engineering control. An
example is control measure to reduce exposures of toxic chemicals at source or at the
receiver.
Question 5: Thinking about the hospitality industry and measures to eliminate or control
health and safety risks, answer the following questions:

a. Describe two typical risks and a measure that can be used to control each risk.
1. Excessive wiring can lead to electric current or short circuit
2. Excessive load in wires can cause damage to machinery

Measure: usage of cordless equipments to get rid of all wires and fluctuation in load
b. If you were responsible for the risks, above, describe how would you make sure the
controls are implemented.
I would make sure that the written statement by managers is in order in which the clear
instructions of replacement of wirings with cordless is written. Then I will make sure that
the budget is approved and the supplies are provided.
c. Explain why suggestions for ways of eliminating or controlling risks are useful.
They are useful to prevent severity of injuries at workplace, illnesses and the costs
associated to improve the wellbeing and health capacity of workers to work in a safe
environment that will improve their productivity and quality
d. Explain why sometimes it can be important to refer to a senior staff member regarding a
decision on implementing controls.
It is important because they can evaluate, estimate and measure the extent of damage a
hazard can cause. They are also the ones who can implement effect SOP to control any risk
at hand. They can develop immediate protocols and procedures according to their
experiences to avoid any hazard with effective decisions.
Question 6: Describe each of the following methods for identifying hazards.
a. Conducting site safety audits
Auditors are trained professionals who can easily identify a hazard that can take place in a
work place before a worker gets hurt. They are safety managers who inspect, do walk
through, make lists of tasks, repair, replace and restore.
b. Completing safety checklists
Safety checklists are documents or protocols that are used during inspections for
identification of hazards. OSHA provides safety checklist for industries that involve
explosion safety, radiation safety, fall protection, fixed stair and ladders, occupational injury
and illness reporting etc.
c. Inspecting workplace
Work place inspections are designed to help and prevent fatal incidents, injuries and illness.
These inspections are necessary to overview the workplace environment to be safe and secure
d. Observing daily activities
Observation in a workplace is usually done by managers that can gain insight on performance
of employees and safety observations. They also do that to have effective proactive
e. Investigating accidents and incidents
Heath and safety investigations are a crucial part of monitoring process that is required to
carry out. These investigations also provide essential information to insurers in event of
claim. They provide a true snapshot of what actually happened, improve management risk,
 and help other parts of organization to learn, demonstrate the effective health and security
safety measure
f. Reviewing injury or illness registers
They keep record to identify unhealthy behaviors or hazardous conditions by tracking work
related injuries and illnesses. The information is used to target occupational safety education
activities to reduce future employee work related illnesses.
g. Monitoring workplace environment
The general purpose of monitoring is to make sure that the employees are not exposed to
hazardous chemicals and to ensure their health and safety. Based on monitoring data
employers decide to expose the employees to certain level of chemicals.
h. Investigating staff complaints or reports of safety concerns
Whenever an employee reports a complaint it is crucial for staff member to take it seriously
and make sure to investigate either the compliant is true or false or what protocol is required
to overcome the safety concern.
i. Review of staff feedback via consultative processes including meetings, surveys and
suggestion box submissions
Taking reviews or feedback from staff is a strategy to ensure all staff members are at same
level. These engagement procedures are important ways to collect large amount of
employee’s feedback at same time. These surveys are also used to track feedback of key
initiative.
Question 7: Consider the list of people below and describe a role they may have in the
assessment of risk within an organization.

a. Contractors
A contractor is a person who conducts assessment of checking risk to health and safety. He
ensures cooperation with employers. He supplies necessary health and safety information to
employers or visiting staff members. He informs visiting faculty of skills necessary to carry
out their work safely. He informs employment agencies if required qualifications and skills
necessary for employment staff to carry out work safely in accordance to health and safety
features.
b. Managers
Managers have very important position. They have the responsibility to identify any possible
hazard that can occur in company in future. They are the ones who can determine the
probability of any hazard to actually happen. They also can pinpoint the potential losses and
risks to occur in future which may impact the company.
c. WHS committee members
The main purpose of WHS committee is to address work health and safety issues that
affect the employees. This may involve workplace hazards, implementation of new
inspection procedures, reviewing the training requirements. They aim to create a joint
committee that includes the management personals and workers that will work to
improve safety procedures and reduce possibility of any hazard.
d. WHS representatives
The health and safety representatives are also known as HSRs. They are workers who are
selected to signify the health and safety of individuals in a work group. They are
designated to work on health and safety issues, concerns and interests. These
 representatives facilitate the consultation and communication and embody crucial link
among employees and employers. They also monitors that the person conducting
business is meeting all standards of health and safety during his designed tasks. The
representative always works within group and aware the managers about hazards and
safety issues and health and safety matters.

e. Peers and colleagues

Peers and colleagues are the people that are in the most immediate vicinity to access
about any impeding risk or hazard to occur within a work environment. They can play a
very important role to overcome any disaster before or during the time of its occurrence.
Peers can also be helpful in overcoming any problem or risk before it may occur. They
may involve the supervisor or other senior to reduce the level of hazard which might
occur due to negligence.
f. Staff under supervision
The staff or employees under supervision are the main people that are most susceptible to
risk in the work environment. They have to stay alert and work on the protocols and
procedures to overcome the risk or hazard which might impede due to any cause. They
are bound to listen to the supervisor and work effectively according to the instructions
given so the health and safety measures are kept intact and everyone is safe.
g. Supervisors
Supervisors are the leaders of action. They are the managers who work to effectively
control the health and safety risks. They have the awareness of injury management and
return to work processes. They have limited role in integration with broader safety
systems. It is supervisors job to inform about any known workplace hazard, he must
involve workers in process of hazard identification and control, he is responsible for
proper training and equipments for the job to be provided, he must communicate workers
health and safety rights and responsibilities.
h. Tourism suppliers.
Risk and safety in the tourism is continuous process and the process focus to ensure the
safety of clients. The service providers are well acquainted with the potential risks and
therefore play influential role in establishing strategies. For risk assessment there are five
steps which includes, identifying hazard, list controls, access risk level, determine risk
acceptability and taking action.