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Water Treatment Plant Alum Requirements

Water quality guidelines are required to establish standards for water quality to protect human health and the environment. The document provides details on assignments related to water treatment processes, including calculations for solids removal in a settling tank, determining the optimal coagulant dose, chlorine dosing rates, lime-soda softening reactions, and selecting appropriate treatment methods within a given budget. Students are asked to perform calculations, state purposes and principles of treatment processes, and justify their selection of methods for a new water treatment plant design.

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42 views2 pages

Water Treatment Plant Alum Requirements

Water quality guidelines are required to establish standards for water quality to protect human health and the environment. The document provides details on assignments related to water treatment processes, including calculations for solids removal in a settling tank, determining the optimal coagulant dose, chlorine dosing rates, lime-soda softening reactions, and selecting appropriate treatment methods within a given budget. Students are asked to perform calculations, state purposes and principles of treatment processes, and justify their selection of methods for a new water treatment plant design.

Uploaded by

lice
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY OF NEWFOUNDLAND

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE

CIV 4610 Applied Environmental Science & Engineering


Assignment #2 – Spring 2022

Due Date: June 13, 2022

1. Why is water quality guidelines required? How to established water quality guidelines?

2. For a settling tank in a water treatment plant, if: volume of the tank (not include sludge zone)
is 20,000 m3; water flow is 70,000 m3 per day; cross-section area of the tank is 12,000 m2;
suspended solids (SS) in the tank have a settling velocity of 3 × 10-3 mm/s.
Assume: ideal settling condition in the tank.
Calculate:
(a) proportion of SS removed, and
(b) if SS concentration in the effluent is 8 mg/L, what is the SS concentration in the influent?

3. Alum [Al2(SO4)3•12H2O] is used for coagulation of a waste stream. Results of a jar test to
determine the optimal coagulant dose are provided below. The initial water sample has a pH =
6.5, turbidity of 30 NTU, and alkalinity of 200 mg/L as CaCO3.

Alum dose, mg/L 5 10 15 20 25


Turbidity, NTU 15 5 1 0.9 2

(a) What is the optimal mass of alum you would need to purchase every day to treat 1.5 × 104
m3/day to a turbidity below 1 NTU (assume 100 percent purity of the coagulant)?
(b) Do you have to add alkalinity to the system? If so, how much (in concentration units as mg
CaCO3/L)?

4. A town has a population of 120,000. The average daily water consumption is 750 Lpcd (Liters
per capita per day), which varies from -10% to +10%. The chlorine demand for inflow water to
the water treatment plant is 0.8 mg/L. Assume that sufficient chlorine must be provided to ensure
FAC concentration to be 0.2 mg/L, and that the minimum contact time is 30 minutes. 1)
Calculate the average amount of chlorine needed per day (kg/d); and 2) What is the
recommended capacity (m3) for the contact tank.

5. Describe the softening process by using lime-soda. Main reaction equations are required.

6. Please briefly state the purpose and principles for usage of chlorination. What are the
advantages and disadvantages? If ammonia is further used after chlorination, why and what
reactions will happen.

7. A community is planning to build a new water treatment plant. There is a lake nearby with
acceptable quality for drinking water source. Potential treatment methods and the associated
costs (including capital and operational expenses) are listed in the table below. The total budget
is 130,000 CAD. Please help design this plan to ensure the best water quality and minimum cost.
Please justify your selections.

Method/Equipment Functions Cost (CAD)


Coarse screens Screening (remove large 30,000
particles > 6 mm)
Fine screens Screening (remove particles 50,000
1.5 - 6 mm)
Grinders Screening (remove particles 10,000
6.0 - 19 mm)
Al(III) Coagulation/Flocculation 10,000
(remove rate 70%)
Iron salts Coagulation/Flocculation 20,000
(remove rate 80%)
Polymers Coagulation/Flocculation 40,000
(remove rate 95%)
Horizontal flow tanks Sedimentation 40,000 10-1 10-7
Filtration Filtration 10,000
Chlorination Disinfection 10,000
Ozonation Disinfection 50,000
UV radiation Disinfection 30,000

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