HOSTEL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
 INTRODUTION

Hostel management gives on idea about how the students details, room allocation,

mess expenditure are maintained in the particular concern. The hostel management

system also includes some special features. The administration has the unique

identity for each members as well as students details. The stock management has

also held by mess expenditure, the mess expenditure that used to calculate the mess

bills of each of the students. The modules of this project are student details, room

details, mess modules.

Problem definition

We have got four hostels in our university, which consist of two boy’s hostel

and two girl’s hostel. All these hostels at present are managed manually by the

hostel office. The Registration form verification to the different data processing are

done manually.

Thus there are a lot of repetitions which can be easily avoided. And hence there

is a lot of strain on the person who are running the hostel and software’s are not

usually used in this context. This particular project deals with the problems on

managing a hostel and avoids the problems which occur when carried manually
 Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of

computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the

system which is more users friendly and more GUI oriented. We can improve the

efficiency of the system, thus overcome the drawbacks of the existing system.
Project Overview

The hostel management system is web based software to provide university

students accommodation to the university hostel more efficiently. This project also

keeps details of the hostellers and applied students. It is headed by Provost. He

will be the administrator. For accommodate a large number of students into hostel.

This document is intended to minimize human works and make hostel allocation is

an easier job for cu students and hostel authorities by providing online application

for hostel, automatically select the students from the waiting list and mess

calculation, complaint registration, notice board etc. etc. Students will get approval

notification in their mails. Hostellers can view notice board, hostel fee, mess menu

by login into the online system.

Objectives

The objectives of this project are:-

1. To develop an integrated system for hostel management system.

2. Providing online student application for student to apply the hostel.

3. To compare the efficiency of system design for a small IT project.

4. Maintain the students as hostellers and waiting list students separately

Process allotment list.

5. Admin can send the approval notification to every approved student via

email.
 6. Automatically insert student’s details to the hosteller’s record when the

allotment is confirmed by the admin and deleted when vacation is

conformed or after the course end date.

7. Students can register their complaints.

8. Admin can edit notice board and each student can view it.

9. Hostel secretary can calculate hostel fee including mess fee and can edit

mess menu

[Link] can check the status of every month’s hostel fee

User Panel

User Login

Home

1. This consist of the different pop-up menus showing the details of the different

hostels

[Link] contain a link to the CU official web-site.

[Link] allows the different users to access the registration forms.

 4. He can view the Student administration division of the different hostels and

also view the notice boards.

Registration Form

This section provides an online form to the students which can be filled by

them, and a copy of the filled page can be taken in the printed form. This is later

submitted to the Hostel authorities which can be verified by them before allotting

them to the respective hostels.

Notice Board

All the 4 hostels have their Notice boards. Any change in the Hostel fee, mess

fee will be shown in this. It can be also used for different notifications.

Admin Panel

Administrator Login

Home
 The Administrator can:

1. Allot different students to the different hostels.

2. Vacate the students for the hostels.

[Link] the status of the fee payment.

[Link] the details of the students & modify the student records.

Allotment of the hostels

Their will be pre-defined criteria’s for the admission to the hostels. He

checks the attested application forms of the students obtained from the internet and

verify it with the student database. If the students are found eligible then they are

allotted to the hostel.

Vacating the rooms

As the student’s course is over they will vacate their rooms. So it is required
for the administrator to remove their records from the database tables. This section

includes the option for the room vacation and the deletion of the particular record

from the database.

Registration Form

This section provides an online form to the students which can be filled by

them, and a copy of the filled page can be taken in the printed form. This is later

submitted to the Hostel authorities which can be verified by them before allotting

them to the respective hostel

 Requirement Specification

Hardware Configuration

The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software

application is the physical computer resources, also known as hardware.

Processor : Intel Processor Core I3

RAM : 4 GB RAM

Hard Disk : 40GB HDD

Monitor : 1024 * 768 Resolution Color Monitor

Software Configuration

Software Requirements deal with defining software resource requirements and pre-

requisites that need to be installed on a computer to provide optimal functioning of an

application

Operating System : Windows7

Front End : PHP

Server Side Script : XAMAP

Back End : MySQL

IDE : Notepad++

Software Features

PHP TRIAD

PHPTriad installs a complete working PHP/MySQL server environment on

Windows platforms (9x/ NT). Installs PHP, MySQL, Apache, and PHPMyAdmin.
PHP

PHP is a scripting language originally designed for producing dynamic web

pages. It has evolved to include a command line interface capability and can be used in

standalone graphical applications. While PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf

in 1995, the main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and

serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification. PHP is free

software released under the PHP License, however it is incompatible with the GNU

General Public License

(GPL), due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP. It is a widely-used general-

purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be

embedded into HTML. It generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input

and creating web pages as output. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost

every operating system and platform free of charge. PHP is installed on more than 20

million websites and 1 million web servers.

PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page. It began in 1994 as a set of

Common Gateway Interface binaries written in the C programming language by the

Danish/Greenlandic programmer Rasmus Lerdorf. Lerdorf initially created these

Personal Home Page Tools to replace a small set of Perl scripts he had been using to

maintain his personal homepage. The tools were used to perform tasks such as

displaying his résumé and recording how much traffic his page was receiving. He

combined these binaries with his Form Interpreter to create PHP/FI, which had more

functionality. PHP/FI included a larger implementation for the C programming language

and could communicate with databases, enabling the building of simple, dynamic web

applications. Lerdorf released PHP publicly on June 8, 1995 to accelerate bug location

and improve the code. This release was named PHP version 2 and already had the basic

functionality that PHP has today. This included Perl-like variables, form handling, and

the ability to embed HTML. The syntax was similar to Perl but was more limited,

simpler, and less consistent. Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans, two Israeli developers
at the Technion IIT, rewrote the parser in 1997 and formed the base of PHP 3, changing

the language’s name to the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. The

development team officially released PHP/FI 2 in November 1997 after months of beta

testing. Afterwards, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the official launch came in June

1998. Suraski and Gutmans then started a new rewrite of PHP’s core, producing the

Zend

Engine in 1999. They also founded Zend Technologies in Ramat Gan, Israel.

On May 22, 2000, PHP 4, powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was released. On

July 13, 2004, PHP 5 was released, powered by the new Zend Engine II. PHP 5

included new features such as improved support for object-oriented programming, the

PHP Data Objects extension (which defines a lightweight and consistent interface for

accessing databases), and numerous performance enhancements. The most recent update

released by The PHP Group is for the older PHP version 4 code branch.

In 2008, PHP 5 became the only stable version under development. Late static

binding has been missing from PHP and will be added in version 5.3. PHP 6 is under

development alongside PHP 5. Major changes include the removal of register_globals,

magic quotes, and safe mode. The reason for the removals was because register_globals

had given way to security holes, and magic quotes had an unpredictable nature, and was

best avoided. Instead, to escape characters, Magic quotes may be substituted with the

addslashes() function, or more appropriately an escape mechanism specific to the

database vendor itself like mysql_real_escape_string() for MySQL.

PHP does not have complete native support for Unicode or multibyte strings;

Unicode support will be included in PHP 6. Many high profile open source projects

ceased to support PHP 4 in new code as of February 5, 2008, due to the GoPHP5

initiative, provided by a consortium of PHP developers promoting the transition from

PHP 4 to PHP 5. It runs in both 32-bit and 64-bit environments, but on Windows the

only official distribution is 32-bit, requiring Windows 32-bit compatibility mode to be

enabled while using IIS in a 64-bit Windows environment. There is a third-party

distribution available for 64-bit Windows.

Usage

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web

development. PHP generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and

creating web pages as output. It can also be used for command-line scripting and client-

side GUI applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers, many operating

systems and platforms, and can be used with many relational database management

systems. It is available free of charge, and the PHP Group provides the complete source

code for users to build, customize and extend for their own use.

PHP primarily acts as a filter, taking input from a file or stream containing text

and/or PHP instructions and outputs another stream of data; most commonly the output
will be HTML. It can automatically detect the language of the user. From PHP 4, the

PHP parser compiles input to produce bytecode for processing by the Zend Engine,

giving improved performance over its interpreter predecessor. Originally designed to

create dynamic web pages, PHP’s principal focus is server-side scripting,and it is similar

to other server-side scripting

 languages that provide dynamic content from a web server to a client, such as

Microsoft’s Active Server Pages, Sun Microsystems’ JavaServer Pages, and mod_perl.

PHP has also attracted the development of many frameworks that provide building blocks

and a design structure to promote rapid application develo- pment (RAD). Some of these

include CakePHP, Symfony, CodeIgniter, and Zend Framework, offering features similar

to other web application frameworks.

The LAMP architecture has become popular in the web industry as a way of

deploying web applic- ations. PHP is commonly used as the P in this bundle alongside

Linux, Apache and MySQL, although the P may also refer to Python or Perl.

As of April 2007, over 20 million Internet domains were hosted on servers with

PHP installed, and PHP was recorded as the most popular Apache module. Significant

websites are written in PHP including the user- facing portion of Facebook, Wikipedia

(MediaWiki), Yahoo!, MyYearbook, , Digg, Wordpress and Tagged. In addition to

server-side scripting, PHP can be used to create stand-alone, compiled applications and

libraries, it can be used for shell scripting, and the PHP binaries can be called from the

command line.

Speed optimization

As with many scripting languages, PHP scripts are normally kept as human-

readable source code, even on production web servers. In this case, PHP scripts will be
compiled at runtime by the PHP engine, which increases their execution time. PHP

scripts are able to be compiled before runtime using PHP compilers as with other

programming languages such as C (the language PHP and its extensions are written in).

Code optimizers aim to reduce the computational complexity of the compiled code by

reducing its size and making other changes that can reduce the execution time with the

overall goal of improving performance. The nature of the PHP compiler is such that

there are often opportunities for code optimization, and an example of a code

optimizer is the Zend Optimizer PHP extension.

Another approach for reducing overhead for high load PHP servers is using PHP

accelerators. These can offer significant performance gains by caching the compiled

form of a PHP script in shared memory to avoid the overhead of parsing and compiling

the code every time the script runs.

Security

The National Vulnerability Database stores all vulnerabities found in computer

software. The overall proportion of PHP-related vulnerabilities on the database

amounted to: 12% in 2003, 20% in 2004, 28% in 2005, 43% in 2006, 36% in 2007,

and 35% in 2008. Most of these PHP-related vulnerabilities can be exploited

remotely: they allow hackers to steal or destroy data from data sources linked to the

webserver (such as an SQL database), send spam or contribute to DOS attacks using
malware, which itself can be installed on the vulnerable servers.

These vulnerabilities are caused mostly by not following best practice

programming rules: technical security flaws of the language itself or of its core libraries

are not frequent. Recognizing that programmers cannot be trusted, some languages

include taint checking to detect automatically the lack of input validation which induces

many issues. However, such a feature is being developed for PHP

Hosting PHP applications on a server requires a careful and constant attention

to deal with these security risks. There are advanced protection patches such as Suhosin

and Hardening-Patch, especially designed for web hosting environments. Installing PHP as

a CGI binary rather than as an Apache module is the preferred method for added

security. With respect to securing the code itself, PHP code can be obfuscated to make

it difficult to read while remaining functional.

Syntax

<html>

<head>

<title>PHP Test </title>

</head>
<body>

<?php echo “<p> Hello World </p>”; ?>

</body></html>

Note : - Code in bold letters shows the PHP code embedded within HTML
 PHP only parses code within its delimiters. Anything outside its delimiters is sent

directly to the output and is not parsed by PHP. The most common delimiters are <?php

and ?>, which are open and close delimiters respectively. <script language=”php”> and

</script> delimiters are also available. Short tags can be used to start PHP code, <? or

<?= (which is used to echo back a string or variable) and the tag to end PHP code, ?>.

These tags are commonly used, but like ASP-style tags (<% or <%= and %>), they are

less portable as they can be disabled in the PHP configuration. For this reason, the use of

short tags and ASP-style tags is discouraged. The purpose of these delimiters is to

separate PHP code from non-PHP code, including HTML.

Variables are prefixed with a dollar symbol and a type does not need to be

specified in advance. Unlike function and class names, variable names are case

sensitive. Both double-quoted (“”) and heredoc strings allow the ability to embed a

variable’s value into the string. PHP treats newlines as whitespace in the manner of a

free-form language (except when inside string quotes), and statements are terminated by a

semicolon. PHP has three types of comment syntax: /* */ serves as block comments, and

// as well as # are used for inline comments. The echo statement is one of several

facilities PHP provides to output text (e.g. to a web browser).

In terms of keywords and language syntax, PHP is similar to most high level

languages that follow the C style syntax. If conditions, for and while loops, and function

returns are similar in syntax to languages such as C, C++, Java and Perl.
Data types

PHP stores whole numbers in a platform-dependent range. This range is typically

that of 32-bit signed integers. Unsigned integers are converted to signed values in certain

situations; this behavior is different from other programming languages. Integer variables

can be assigned using decimal (positive and negative), octal, and hexadecimal notations.

Floating point numbers are also stored in a platform-specific range. They can be

specified using floating point notation, or two forms of scientific notation. PHP has a

native Boolean type that is similar to the native Boolean types in Java and C++. Using

the Boolean type conversion rules, non-zero values are interpreted as true and zero as

false, as in Perl and C++. The null data type represents a variable that has no value.
 The only value in the null data type is NULL. Variables of the “resource” type

represent references to resources from external sources. These are typically created by

functions from a particular extension, and can only be processed by functions from the

same extension; examples include file, image, and database resources. Arrays can contain

elements of any type that PHP can handle, including resources, objects, and even other

arrays. Order is preserved in lists of values and in hashes with both keys and values,

and the two can be intermingled. PHP also supports strings, which can be used with

single quotes, double quotes, or heredoc syntax. The Standard PHP Library (SPL)

attempts to solve standard problems and implements efficient data access interfaces and

classes.

Functions

PHP has hundreds of base functions and thousands more from extensions. These

functions are well documented on the PHP site, but unfortunately, the built-in library has

a wide variety of naming conventions and inconsistencies. PHP currently has no

functions for thread programming.

Version 5.2 and earlier

Functions are not first-class functions and can only be referenced by their name—

directly or dynamically by a variable containing the name of the function. User-defined

functions can be created at any time without being prototyped. Functions can be defined

inside code blocks, permitting a run-time decision as to whether or not a function should

be defined. Function calls must use parentheses, with the exception of zero argument

class constructor functions called with the PHP new operator, where parentheses are

optional. PHP supports quasi-anonymous functions through the create_function() function,

although they are not true anonymous functions because anonymous functions are

nameless, but functions can only be referenced by name, or indirectly through a variable

$function_name();, in PHP.

Version 5.3 and newer

PHP gained support for first-class functions and closures. True anonymous functions

are supported function getAdder($x) using the following syntax :

 function getAdder($x)

return function ($y) use

($x) { return $x + $y;

};

$adder = getAdder(8);

echo $adder(2); // prints “10”

Here, getAdder() function creates a closure using parameter $x (keyword “use”

forces getting variable from context), which takes additional argument $y and returns it

to the caller. Such a function can be stored, given as the parameter to another functions,

etc. For more details see Lambda functions and closures RFC.

Objects

Basic object-oriented programming functionality was added in PHP 3. Object

handling was completely rewritten for PHP 5, expanding the feature set and enhancing

performance. In previous versions of PHP, objects were handled like primitive types.
The drawback of this method was that the whole object was copied when a variable was

assigned or passed as a parameter to a method. In the new approach, objects are

referenced by handle, and not by value. PHP 5 introduced private and protected

member variables and methods, along with abstract classes and final classes as well as

abstract methods and final methods. It also introduced a standard way of declaring

constructors and destructors, similar to that of other object-oriented languages such as

C++, and a standard exception handling model.

Furthermore, PHP 5 added interfaces and allowed for multiple interfaces to be

implemented. There are special interfaces that allow objects to interact with the runtime

system. Objects implementing ArrayAccess can be used with array syntax and objects

implementing Iterator or IteratorAggregate can be used with the foreach language

construct. There is no virtual table feature in the engine, so static variables are bound

with a name instead of a reference at compile time.

If the developer creates a copy of an object using the reserved word clone, the

Zend engine will check if a clone() method has been defined or not. If not, it will call

a default clone() which will copy the object’s properties. If a clone() method is

defined, then it will be responsible for setting the necessary properties in the created

object. For convenience, the engine will supply a function that imports the properties of

the source object, so that the programmer can start with a by-value replica of the

source object and only override properties that need to be changed.

Resources

PHP includes free and open source libraries with the core build. PHP is a

fundamentally Internet- aware system with modules built in for accessing FTP servers,

many database servers, embedded SQL libraries such as embedded PostgreSQL, MySQL

and SQLite, LDAP servers, and others. Many functions familiar to C programmers such

as those in the stdio family are available in the standard PHP build. PHP has traditionally

used features such as “magic_quotes_gpc” and “magic_quotes_runtime” which attempt to

escape apostrophes (‘) and quotes (“) in strings in the assumption that they will be used

in databases, to prevent SQL injection attacks. This leads to confusion over which data

is escaped and which is not, and to problems when data is not in fact used as input to a

database and when the escaping used is not completely correct. To make code portable

between servers which do and do not use magic quotes, developers can preface their

code with a script to reverse the effect of magic quotes when it is applied.

PHP allows developers to write extensions in C to add functionality to the PHP

language. These can then be compiled into PHP or loaded dynamically at runtime.

Extensions have been written to add support for the Windows API, process management

on Unix-like operating systems, multibyte strings (Unicode), cURL, and several popular

compression formats. Some more unusual features include integration with Internet Relay

Chat, dynamic generation of images and Adobe Flash content, and even speech

synthesis. The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL) project is a repository for
extensions to the PHP language. Zend provides a certification exam for programmers to

become certified PHP developers.

MY SQL

What is a database? Quite simply, it’s an organized collection of data. A database

management system (DBMS) such as Access, FileMaker Pro, Oracle or SQL Server

provides you with the software tools you need to organize that data in a flexible

manner. It includes facilities to add, modify or delete data from the database, ask

questions (or queries) about the data stored in the database and produce reports

summarizing selected contents.

MySQL is a multithreaded,multi-user SQL database management system(DBMS).

The basic program runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of

[Link] financed in a similar fashion to the JBoss model, MySQL was

owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQLAB

now a subsidiary of Sun Microsystem , which holds the copyright to most of the

codebase. The project’s source code is available under terms of the GNU General Public

Licence, as well as under a variety of proprietory agreements.

MySQL is a [Link] data in MySQL is stored in database objects called

tables.A table is a collections of related data entries and it consists of columns and

[Link] are useful when storing information categorically. A company may have

a database with the following tables: “Employees”, “Products”, “Customers” and

“Orders”.
Database Tables

A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is identified by a

name (e.g. “Customers” or “Orders”). Tables contain records (rows) with data.

Queries

A query is a question or a [Link] MySQL, we can query a database for specific

information and have a recordset returned.

Create a connection to a database

Before you can access data in a database, you must create a connection to the

[Link] PHP, this is done with the mysql_connect() function.

Syntax
 Example

In the following example we store the connection in a variable ($con) for later use in

the script. The “die” part will be executed if the connection fails:

Closing a Connection

The connection will be closed automatically when the script ends. To close the

connection before, use the mysql_close() function:

Create a Database

The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database in MySQL.

Syntax

CREATE DATABASE database_name

To get PHP to execute the statement above we must use the mysql_query()

function. This function is used to send a query or command to a MySQL connection.

Create a Table

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in MySQL

Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name

column_name1

data_type,

column_name2

data_type,

column_name3

data_type,

....

)
MySQL Functions

mysql_affected_rows — Get number of affected rows in previous MySQL

operation mysql_change_user — Change logged in user of the active

connection mysql_client_encoding — Returns the name of the character set

mysql_close — Close MySQL connection

mysql_connect — Open a connection to a MySQL

Server mysql_create_db — Create a MySQL

database mysql_data_seek — Move internal result

pointer mysql_db_name — Get result data

mysql_db_query — Send a MySQL query

mysql_drop_db — Drop (delete) a MySQL

database

mysql_errno — Returns the numerical value of the error message from previous

MySQL operation mysql_error — Returns the text of the error message from previous

MySQL operation mysql_escape_string — Escapes a string for use in a mysql_query

mysql_fetch_array — Fetch a result row as an associative array, a numeric array, or

both mysql_fetch_assoc — Fetch a result row as an associative array

mysql_fetch_field — Get column information from a result and

return as an object mysql_fetch_lengths — Get the length of each

output in a result mysql_fetch_object — Fetch a result row as an

object
 wsmysql_num_rows — Get number of rows in result

mysql_pconnect — Open a persistent connection to a MySQL

server mysql_ping — Ping a server connection or reconnect if

there is no connection mysql_query — Send a MySQL query

mysql_result — Get result data

mysql_select_db — Select a MySQL

database

mysql_set_charset — Sets the client

character set mysql_stat — Get current

system status mysql_tablename — Get table

name of field mysql_thread_id — Return

the current thread ID

mysql_unbuffered_query — Send an SQL query to MySQL, without fetching and

buffering the result (See Appendix 2 for more My_SQL Functions.)

Macromedia Dreamweaver 8

Is a professional HTML editor for designing, coding, and developing websites, web

pages, and web applications. Whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or

prefer to work in a visual editing environment, Dreamweaver provides you with helpful
tools to enhance your web creation experience.

The visual editing features in Dreamweaver let you quickly create pages without

writing a line of code. You can view all your site elements or assets and drag them from

an easy-to-use panel directly into a document. You can streamline your development

workflow by creating and editing images in Macromedia Fireworks or another graphics

application, then importing them directly into Dreamweaver, or by adding

Macromedia Flash objects.

 Dreamweaver also provides a full-featured coding environment that includes code-

editing tools (such as code coloring and tag completion) and language reference material

on Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript, and ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML),

among others. Macromedia Roundtrip HTML technology imports your hand-coded

HTML documents without reformatting the code; you can then reformat code with

your preferred formatting style. Dreamweaver also enables you to build dynamic

database-backed web applications using server technologies such as CFML, [Link],

ASP, JSP, and PHP.

Dreamweaver and accessibility

Accessibility refers to making websites and web products usable for people with

visual, auditory, motor, and other disabilities. Examples of accessibility features for

software products and websites include screen reader support, text equivalents for

graphics, keyboard shortcuts, change of display colors to high contrast, and so on.

Dreamweaver provides tools that make the product accessible and tools that help you

author accessible content:

 Using Dreamweaver accessibility features For Dreamweaver web designers

who need to use accessibility features, Dreamweaver offers screen reader support,

keyboard navigation, and operating system accessibility [Link] more information,

see Using Dreamweaver accessibility features.

Authoring for accessibility For Dreamweaver web designers who need to create

accessible content, Dreamweaver assists you in creating accessible pages that contain

useful content for screen readers and comply with government guidelines.

Dreamweaver provides dialog boxes that prompt you to enter accessibility

attributes when you insert page elements (see Optimizing the workspace for accessible

page design).For example, the accessibility dialog box for images reminds you to add text

equivalents for graphics. Then, when the image appears on a page for a user with visual

disabilities, the screen reader reads the description.

Laying Out Pages with CSS

In Macromedia Dreamweaver 8, you can use CSS styles to lay out your page. You

can either insert div tags manually and apply CSS positioning styles to them, or you can

use Dreamweaver layers to create your layout. A layer in Dreamweaver is an HTML

page element—specifically, a div tag, or any other tag—that has an absolute position

assigned to it. Whether you use CSS, tables, or frames to lay out your pages,

Dreamweaver has rulers and grids for visual guidance in your layout. Dreamweaver also

has a tracing image feature, which you can use to re-create a page design that was

created in a graphics application.

Client-side role of forms

Forms support the client side of the client-server relationship. When a visitor enters

information into a form displayed in a web browser (the client) and clicks the submit

button, the information is sent to the server where a server-side script or application

processes it. Common server-side technologies used for processing form data include

Macromedia ColdFusion, Microsoft Active Server Pages (ASP), and PHP. The server

responds by sending requested information back to the user (or client), or performing

some action based on the form’s contents.

( Note : - See Appendix 1 for more about Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 and

phpMyAdmin)

phpMAdmin

phpMyAdmin is an open source tool written in PHP intended to handle the

administration of MySQL over the World Wide Web. phpMyAdmin supports a wide

range of operations with [Link] it can create and drop databases,

create/drop/alter tables, delete/edit/add fields, execute any SQL statement, manage users

and permissions, and manage keys on fields. while you still have the ability to directly

execute any SQL statement. phpMyAdmin can manage a whole MySQL server (needs a

super-user) as well as a single database. To accomplish the latter you’ll need a properly

set up MySQL user who can read/write only the desired database. It’s up to you to

look up the appropriate part in the MySQL manual.

phpMyAdmin can:

· browse and drop databases, tables, views, fields and indexes

· create, copy, drop, rename and alter databases, tables, fields and indexes

· maintenance server, databases and tables, with proposals on server configuration

· execute, edit and bookmark any SQL-statement, even batch-queries

· load text files into tables

· create and read dumps of tables

· export data to various formats: CSV, XML, PDF, ISO/IEC 26300 - OpenDocument
E
Text and Spreadsheet, Word, Excel and LAT X formats

· administer multiple servers

· manage MySQL users and privileges

· check referential integrity in MyISAM tables

· using Query-by-example (QBE), create complex queries automatically connecting

required tables

· create PDF graphics of your Database layout

· search globally in a database or a subset of it

· transform stored data into any format using a set of predefined functions,

like displaying BLOB- data as image or download-link

· support InnoDB tables and foreign keys

· support mysqli, the improved MySQL extension

 A word about users:

Many people have difficulty understanding the concept of user management with

regards

to phpMyAdmin. When a user logs in to phpMyAdmin, that username and password are

passed directly

to MySQL. phpMyAdmin does no account management on its own (other than

allowing one to manipulate the MySQL user account information); all users must be

valid MySQL users.

1) phpMyAdmin can compress (Zip, GZip -RFC 1952- or Bzip2 formats) dumps

and CSV exports if you use PHP with Zlib support (—with-zlib) and/or Bzip2

support (—with-bz2). Proper support may also need changes in [Link].a

phpMyAdmin screen appears as shown below.

Requirements

o PHP
o You need PHP 5.2.0 or newer, with session support and the Standard

PHP Library (SPL) extension.

o To support uploading of ZIP files, you need the PHP zip extension.

o For proper support of multibyte strings (eg. UTF-8, which is currently

default), you should install mbstring and ctype extensions.

o You need GD2 support in PHP to display inline thumbnails of JPEGs

(“image/jpeg: inline”) with their original aspect ratio

o When using the “cookie” authentication method, the mcrypt extension is

strongly suggested for most users and is required for 64–bit machines.

Not using mcrypt will cause phpMyAdmin to load pages significantly

slower.
Apache Web server

Often referred to as simply Apache, a public-domain open source Web server

developed by a loosely- knit group of programmers. The first version of Apache, based

on the NCSA httpd Web server, was developed in 1995.

Core development of the Apache Web server is performed by a group of about 20

volunteer programmers, called the Apache Group. However, because the source code is

freely available, anyone can adapt the server for specific needs, and there is a large

public library of Apache add-ons. In many respects, development of Apache is similar

to development of the Linux operating system.

The original version of Apache was written for UNIX, but there are now versions

that run under OS/ 2, Windows and other platforms. The name is a tribute to the Native

American Apache Indian tribe, a tribe well known for its endurance and skill in warfare.

A common misunderstanding is that it was called Apache because it was developed from

existing NCSA code plus various patches, hence the name a patchy server, or Apache

server.

Apache consistently rates as the world’s most popular Web server according to
analyst surveys. Apache has attracted so much interest because it is full-featured,

reliable, and free. Originally developed for UNIX™ operating systems, Apache has

been updated to run on Windows, OS/2, and other platforms. One aspect of Apache that

some site administrators find confusing — especially those unfamiliar with UNIX-style

software — is its configuration scheme. Instead of using a point-and-click graphic user

interface (GUI) or Windows Registry keys as most other modern software packages,

Apache generally relies on simple text files for its configuration settings.
Configuration Files

Apache uses a system of three text files for managing its configuration data. All three of

these files (almost always) appear in Apache’s ./conf directory and are designed to be

edited by system administrators:

1. [Link] for general settings

2. [Link] for resource settings

3. [Link] for security settings

When Apache first starts, these files are processed in the order shown above.

Originally, the initial installation of Apache included default entries within each of the

three files. In the most recent versions of Apache, however, the default installation has

changed. Now [Link] is treated as the “master” configuration file and it contains all of

the settings. Both [Link] and [Link] still exist in the installation, but they contain

no settings and are empty except for some comments.

Inside [Link]

Traditionaly [Link] contained general settings such as the ServerName and

Port [Link] entries appear as follows in the file: ServerName

[Link] Port 80 The term “httpd” stands for HTTP Daemon.

Recall that in a UNIX environment, the term daemon refers to a type of process

designed to launch at system boot and continue running for very long periods of time.

This file contains a number of other entries (technically called directives), but for most of

these,modifications are optional. Probably the most useful of these entries is

ServerAdmin.

Access and Security Settings

It is recommended practice now for Apache administrators to manage their

resource and security settings from [Link]. Administrators of older versions of

Apache can simply cut their entries from [Link] and [Link] and paste them into

the master file. If an administrator wants to go one step further and delete the two empty

files, they should also place the following entries in [Link] to prevent Apache from

attempting to access them.

 Feasibility study
Feasibility Study is basically the test of the proposed system in the light of its

workability, meeting user’s requirements, effective use of resources and of course, the

cost effectiveness. As the name implies, feasibility study is an analysis of the viability

of an idea. It ensures that a project is legally and technically feasible and

economically justifiable.

Moreover this study can be used in various ways with focus on the proposed business.

It tells us whether a project is worth doable or not? Feasibility study is a must

because: A feasibility study evaluates the project's potential for success; therefore,

perceived objectivity is an important factor in the credibility of the study for potential

investors and lending institutions

The main goal of feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to achieve the scope.

In the process of feasibility study, the cost and benefits are estimated with greater

accuracy. It has three types:

 Operational Feasibility

 Technical Feasibility

 Economic Feasibility
Economic Feasibility

Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the

effectiveness of a new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit analysis. PHP

using IDE and MySQL database easily available Script Server Side (like XAMAP/

WAMAP) in internet.

This procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a

candidate system and compare them with costs. If benefits outweigh costs, then the

decision is made to design and implement the system. Otherwise, further justification

or alterations in proposed system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of

being approved. This is an ongoing effort that improves in accuracy at each phase of

the system life cycle.

Economic feasibility talks about the benefits that which we get from this project. Here

with the introduction of this online process we are not only reducing the time take for

the registration of the entrants. We even reduce the burden on the administrator. As

this project is not only reducing the time but also the work burden of the user we say

that this product is economically feasible.

Technical Feasibility

The technical feasibility in the proposed system deals with the technology used in the

system. It deals with the hardware and software used in the system whether they are

of latest technology or not. It happens that after a system is prepared a new

technology arises and the user wants the system based on that technology. This

system use windows platform, PHP as front end technology and MySQL server as

backend technology. Thus HOSTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is technically

feasible.

Technical feasibility centers on the existing computer system (hardware, software,

etc.,) and to what extent it can support the proposed addition. If the budget is a serious

constraint, then the project is judged not feasible.

Technical feasibility speaks about the existing hardware and the software that we are

using and the deviations that we have to make from the existing one, as we are

developing the application using java there is no change in the hardware that we are

using. So we a say that this application is technically feasible as there is no change in

the configuration more over it is cost effective.

Operational Feasibility

The project has been developed in such a way that it becomes very easy even for a

person with little computer knowledge to operate it. People are inherently resistant to

change, and computers have been known to facilitate change. It is understandable that

the introduction of a candidate system requires special effort to educate, sell, and train

the staff on new ways of conducting business.

As this project is a user friendly version there is not much training required for the

people to use. This product is not only making the task of the administrator easy but it
is reducing the time that is taken otherwise. So we say that this product is

operationally feasible.

System Analysis

Existing System

The existing system is manual based and need lot of efforts and consume enough

time. In the existing system we can apply for the hostels online but the allotment

processes are done manually. It may lead to corruptions in the allocation process as

well as hostel fee calculation. The existing system does not deals with mess

calculation and complaint registration.

For the past few years the number of educational institutions are increasing rapidly.

Thereby the number of hostels are also increasing for the accommodation of the

students studying in this institution. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person

who are running the hostel and software’s are not usually used in this context. This

particular project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the

problems which occur when carried manually

Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of

computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system

which is more user friendly and more GUI oriented. We can improve the efficiency
of the system, thus overcome the following drawbacks of the existing system.

Disadvantages of Existing System

 More human Power.

 More strength and strain of manual labor needed

 Repetition of the same procedures.

 Low security

 Data redundancy

 Difficult to handle

 Difficult to update data

 Record keeping is difficult

 Backup data can be easily generated.

Proposed System:

Hostel Management System (HMS) is web-based system for managing various

activities in the hostel thought online. It helps in avoiding the problems which
occur when carried out manually

It improves the efficiency of the system. Ability to manage application, admission,

Allotting room and mess bill & hostel bill, student vacation and report generation

 Less human error

 Strength and strain of manual labour can be reduced

 High security

 Data redundancy can be avoided to some extent

 Data consistency

 Easy to handle

 Easy data updating

 Easy record keeping

 Backup data can be easily generated

 System Design

The system design is divided into two portions. The Administrator section and student

section.

Administrator (Provost)

1. The Administrator can allot different students to the different hostels.

2. He can vacate the students for the hostels.

3. He can control the status of the fee payment.

4. He can edit the details of the students. He can change their rooms, edit and

delete the student records.

5. Make the Mess menu

6. Make the mess bill & hostel bill

7. Give notifications in Notice Board

Students

1. Can edit information before submit

2. After getting conformation can’t access any information

3. Meal Order and View Meal Cost Report

4. Change Password
. In input data design, we design the source document that capture the data and then

select the media used to enter them into the computer. There are two major

approaches for entering data in to the computer. They are

· Menus.

· Dialog Boxes.

Menus

A menu is a selection list that simplifies computer data access or entry. Instead of

remembering what to enter, the user chooses from a list of options. A menu limits a

user choice of response but reduce the chances for error in data entry.

Dialog Box

Dialog boxes are windows and these windows are mainly popup, which appear in

response to certain conditions that occur when a program is run. It allows the display

of bitmaps and pictures. It can have various controls like buttons, text boxes, list

boxes and combo boxes. Using these controls we can make a ‘dialog’ with the

program. The proposed system has three major inputs. They are Machine

Registration, Machine Scheduling and Request Form.

Process Design

Process design plays an important role in project development. In order to understand

the working procedure, process design is necessary. Data Flow Diagram and System

Flow chart are the tools used for process design.

System Flow Chart is a graphical representation of the system showing the overall

flow of control in processing at the job level; specifies what activities must be done to

convert from a physical to logical model.

Data Flow Diagram is the logical representation of the data flow of the project. The

DFD is drawn using various symbols. It has a source and a destination. The process is

represented using circles and source and destination are represented using squares.

The data flow is represented using arrows.

One reader can easily get the idea about the project through Data Flow Diagram.

SYMBOLS USED IN DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

- source rectangle, which defines or destination

-Arrow, which shows dataflow.

-Circle, which represent a process that transforms
incoming data
into outgoing flow.

-Open rectangle, which shows a data store.

DATAFLOW DIADRAMS

Data Flow Diagram

Context level DFD

Fig: DFD for allotment process

Student Module

Fig: DFD for student module

Registration process

Fig: DFD for Student Registration

Admin module

Fig : DFD for Admin module

Allotment process
Vacating process

Fig: DFD for Vacation Process

Overall Diagram:
USE CASE DIAGRAM: Use case diagram is a diagram that shows the interaction
between user and system to capture the user’s goals.

collect& store the student details

store the availability of hostel&

room details

generate & update the attendance

details

calculate& generate report for

mess expenditure detail for ...
aadministrator
db manager

calculate & generate report for

mess expenditure detail for ...

request for mess bill report

check and verify mess bill report mess bill calculation

update the payment details

display the mess bill report to the

student

payment of mess bill

student
CLASS DIAGRAM:
Class diagram is a collection of static elements such as classes and their
relationships connected as a graph to each other.
Student
Student name Administrator
data base manager
roll no
address enter the students details()
update the student details()
branch enter room details()
update mess item expenditure()
year enter attendance details()
update the attendance details()
room no enter mess item expenditure per month()
calculate mess expenditure()
give details()

calculate
report

total mess expenditure per month()

generate mess bill report()
calculate mess fees for each student()
Activity Diagram:

It describes the sequence of activity it support for the conditional and parallel behavior.

It is a variant of a state diagram in which most of the states are activity states.

start

Login

enter student enter room

details details enter mess
details

calculate mess
expenditure& mess bill

generate
report

Update details

stop
Student Modules:
USE CASE DIAGRAM:
Use case diagram is a diagram that shows the interaction between user and system
to capture the user’s goals.

enter student details

edit details

adminis db manager
delete details

view details

details updated
CLASS DIAGRAM:

Class diagram is a collection of static elements such as classes and their relationships
connected as a graph to each other.

Administrator
db Manager
enter rollno details()
keep the attendance() update the attendance detail()
update details()

Student
name
rollno
address
branch
year
room no
Activity Diagram:
It describes the sequence of activity it support for the conditional and parallel behaviour .

It is a variant of a state diagram in which most of the states are activity states.

start

enter student enter student

details rollno

inv alid
update details

v alid

edit delete v iew

update

stop
Room Modules:
USE CASE DIAGRAM:
Use case diagram is a diagram that shows the interaction between user and system
to capture the user’s goals.

enter room details

update details

view details

enter the hostelno

adminis DBmanager

check free room

check for availability in other hostel

no

enter the other hostelno

allocate room

display free rooms

request room

student
room details displayed
CLASS DIAGRAM:
Class diagram is a collection of static elements such as classes and their relationships connected as
a graph to each other.

administrator
dbmanager
enter room detail()
update details() maintain room details()
view details() display room details()
check room availability()

Activity Diagram:
It describes the sequence of activity it support for the conditional and parallel behaviour . It is a
variant of a state diagram in which most of the states are activity states.
 start

room detai l s

enter room
detai ls request for room
avai l abi li ty
enter room no

UPDAT E check room request room

Detai ls avai l abi li ty detai ls

di spl ay room
vi ew room
avail abi li ty deta il s
detai ls

exi t

stop
Mess Modules:
USE CASE DIAGRAM:
Use case diagram is a diagram that shows the interaction between user and system
to capture the user’s goals.

enter mess expenditure

calculate expenditure for veg

calculate expenditure for non-veg

DBmanager
ADMINISTRATOR
calculate mess expenditure details
per day

mess bill calculation

calculate mess expenditure details
acknowledgement for messbill per month

display mess bill report request for messbill report

student
CLASS DIAGRAM:

Class diagram is a collection of static elements such as classes and their relationships
connected as a graph to each other.

ADministrator
STUDENT DBManager
enter mess item expenditure per day()
pay mess bill() enter mess item expenditure per month() calculate mess item expenditure()
calculate mess expenditure()

calculate
report
total mess expenditure per day()
total mess expenditure per month()
generate mess bill report()
calculate mess fees for each()
calculate mess expenditure for veg or nonveg()
Activity Diagram:
It describes the sequence of activity it support for the conditional and parallel behaviour .
It is a variant of a state diagram in which most of the states are activity states.

start

enter mess item

details(veg,nonveg) enter payment
details

Update
UPdate

calculate mess bill calculate mess bill

expenditure per day expenditure per month

display the mess Display the m ess

expenditure(veg,nonveg) expenditure (veg,non veg)

generate mess bill

& payment report

stop
 System Implementation
Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical design is turned into a

working system and is giving confidence on the new system for the users that it will work efficiently

and effectively. It involves careful planning, investigation of the current system and its constraints

on implementation, design of methods to achieve the change over, an evaluation of change over

methods. Apart from planning major task of preparing the implementation are education and training

of users. The implementation process begins with preparing a plan for the implementation of the

system. According to this plan, the activities are to be carried out, discussions made regarding the

equipment and resources and the additional equipment has to be acquired to implement the new

system. In network backup system no additional resources are needed.

Implementation is the final and the most important phase. The most critical stage in achieving

a successful new system is giving the users confidence that the new system will work and be

effective. The system can be implemented only after thorough testing is done and if it is found to be

working according to the specification. This method also offers the greatest security since the old

system can take over if the errors are found or inability to handle certain type of transactions while

using the new system.

User Training

After the system is implemented successfully, training of the user is one

of the most important subtasks of the developer. For this purpose user manuals are
prepared and handled over to the user to operate the developed system. Thus the users

are trained to operate the developed system. Both the hardware and software securities

are made to run the developed systems successfully in future. In order to put new

application system into use, the following activities were taken care of:

· Preparation of user and system documentation

. Conducting user training with demo and hands on

· Test run for some period to ensure smooth switching over the

system
 The users are trained to use the newly developed functions. User manuals

describing the procedures for using the functions listed on menu are circulated to all

the users. It is confirmed that the system is implemented up to users need and

expectations.

Security and Maintenance

Maintenance involves the software industry captive, typing up system

resources .It means restoring something to its original condition. Maintenance follows

conversion to the extend that changes are necessary to maintain satisfactory operations

relative to changes in the user’s environment. Maintenance often includes minor

enhancements or corrections to problems that surface in the system’s operation.

Maintenance is also done based on fixing the problems reported, changing the

interface with other software or hardware enhancing the software.

Any system developed should be secured and protected against possible hazards. Security

measures are provided to prevent unauthorized access of the database at various levels. An

uninterrupted power supply should be so that the power failure or voltage fluctuations will not erase

the data in the files.

Password protection and simple procedures to prevent the unauthorized access are provided

to the users .The system allows the user to enter the system only through proper user name and
password.
 System Testing
System testing is the stage of implementation, which is aimed at ensuring that the system works

accurately and efficiently before live operation commences. Testing is the process of executing the

program with the intent of finding errors and missing operations and also a complete verification to

determine whether the objectives are met and the user requirements are satisfied. The ultimate aim is

quality assurance.

Tests are carried out and the results are compared with the expected document. In

the case of erroneous results, debugging is done. Using detailed testing strategies a

test plan is carried out on each module. The various tests performed in “Network

Backup System” are unit testing, integration testing and user acceptance testing.

Unit Testing

The software units in a system are modules and routines that are assembled and

integrated to perform a specific function. Unit testing focuses first on modules,

independently of one another, to locate errors. This enables, to detect errors in coding

and logic that are contained within each module. This testing includes entering data

and ascertaining if the value matches to the type and size supported by java. The

various controls are tested to ensure that each performs its action as required.
Integration Testing

Data can be lost across any interface, one module can have an adverse effect on

another, sub functions when combined, may not produce the desired major functions.

Integration testing is a systematic testing to discover errors associated within the

interface. The objective is to take unit tested modules and build a program structure.

All the modules are combined and tested as a whole. Here the Server module and

Client module options are integrated and tested. This testing provides the assurance

that the application is well integrated functional unit with smooth transition of data.

User Acceptance Testing

User acceptance of a system is the key factor for the success of any system. The

system under consideration is tested for user acceptance by constantly keeping in

touch with the system users at time of developing and making changes whenever

required.
Sample Screenshots
 Future work and Conlusion

To conclude the description about the project: The project, developed using PHP

and MySQL is based on the requirement specification of the user and the analysis of the

existing system, with flexibility for future enhancement.

The expanded functionality of today’s software requires an appropriate approach towards

software development. This hostel management software is designed for people who want to manage

various activi-ties in the hostel. For the past few years the number of educational institutions are

increasing rapidly.

Thereby the number of hostels are also increasing for the accommodation of the students

studying in this institution. And hence there is a lot of strain on the person who are

running the hostel and software’s are not usually used in this context. This particular

project deals with the problems on managing a hostel and avoids the problems which

occur when carried manually.

Identification of the drawbacks of the existing system leads to the designing of

computerized system that will be compatible to the existing system with the system which

is more user friendly and more GUI oriented

 References

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]/wiki/PHP

4 . [Link]/category/php/

5. [Link]/

6. [Link]/[Link]?e=35050