INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
_____________________________________________________________________________________
CHAPTER NO.3 DATA HANDLING
.
DATA: A collection of numerical facts regarding a particular type of information is called data.
Each numerical fact of this type is known as an observation.
The collection, recording and presentation of data help us in organizing our experiences and
draw inferences from them.
Before collecting data, we should know what we would use it for.
The data that is collected needs to be organized in a proper table, so that it becomes easy to
understand and intercept.
REPRESENTATIVE VALUES OF A DATA
Different types of data need different forms of representative or central values to describe it.
Arithmetic Mean
Range
Mode
Median
ARITHMETIC MEAN
The most common representative value of a group of data is the arithmetic mean or the mean. The
arithmetic mean of a set of data is found by taking the sum of the data, and then dividing the sum
by the total number of values in the set. A mean is commonly referred to as an average.
The average or Arithmetic mean (A.M.) or simply mean is defined as follows:
RANGE
The difference between the highest and the lowest observation gives the Range of the observation.
Therefore, Range = Highest observation – Lowest observation
Let us consider an example. In {4, 6, 9, 3, 7} the lowest value is 3, and the highest is 9,
so, the Range is 9-3 =6.
EXERCISE 3.1
[Link] the range of heights of any 10 students of your class.
Sol:-
Let us have the heights of the 10 students as follows: -
131cm,121cm,125cm,130cm,133cm,131cm,121.5cm.129cm.132cm,130cm
Range of heights = Highest observation – Lowest observation
= 133 – 121 =12cm
[Link] the following marks in a class assessment in a tabular form
4,6,7,5,3,5,4,5,2,6,2,5,1,9,6,5,8,4,6,7
(i)Which number is the highest? (ii)Which number is the lowest?
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
(iii) What is the range of the data? (iv)Find the arithmetic mean
Solution: -
(i)Highest number = 9
(ii) Lowest number = 1
(iii) Range = Highest obs. – Lowest obs. = 9 -1 =8
(iv) Arithmetic
= = =5
[Link] the mean of first five whole numbers.
Solution :- First five whole numbers are: 0,1,2,3,4
= = =2
4. A cricketer scores the following runs in eight innings
58,76,40,35,46,45,0,100. Find the mean score.
Solution:- = = = 50
[Link] table shows the points of each player scored in four games:
Now answer the following questions:
(i)Find the mean to determine A’s average number of points scored per game.
(ii)To find the mean number of points per game for C,would you divide the total points by 3 or
by 4 ?why?
(iii)B played in all the four games. How would you find the mean?
(iv)Who is the best performer?
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
Solution:-
(i) = = = 12.5
(ii)To find the mean number of points per game for C,we will divide the total points by 3
Because C played three games.
(iii) = = = 4.5 = B’s mean score
(iv)The best performer should have the greates average among [Link] we observe that the
average of
A is 12.5 which is greater than the average of B and C.
Therefore,A is the best performer among the three.
[Link] marks (out of 100)obtained by a group of students in a science test are
85,76,90,85,39,48,56,95,81,[Link] the
(i)Highest and the lowest marks obtained by the students .
(ii)Range of marks obtained
(iii)Mean marks obtained by the group.
Solution:-
Marks obtained by the students in science test are:85,76,90,85,39,48,56,95,81,75
(i)Highest marks obtained by the students = 95
And lowest mark = 39
(ii) Range of the marks obtained = Highest marks – Lowest marks = 95 – 39 = 56
(iii) =
= = 73
[Link] enrolment in a school during six consecutive years was as follows:
1555,1670,1750,2013,2540,2820
Find the mean enrolment of the school for this period.
Solution:-
= = = 2058
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
8. The rainfall (in mm) in a city on seven days of a certain week was recorded as follows:
(i)Find the range of the rainfall in the above data.
(ii)Find the mean rainfall for the week.
(iii)On how many days was the rainfall less than the mean rainfall.
Solution:-
(i) Range = 20.5-0.0 = 20.5mm
. . . . . . . .
(ii) = = = 5.9mm
(iii)For 5 days([Link], Wednesday,Thursday,Saturday,Sunday),the rainfall was less than the
mean rainfall.
[Link] heights of ten girls were measured in cm and the results are as follows:
135,150,139,128,151,132,146,149,143,141.
(i)What is the height of the tallest girl?
(ii)What is the height of the shortest girls?
(iii)What is the range of the data?
(iv)What is the mean height of the girls?
(v)How many girls have heights more than the mean height?
Solution:-
(i)Height of the tallest girl = 151cm
(ii)Height of the shortest girl = 128cm
(iii)Range of the data = Highest observation – Lowest observation = 151-128 = 23cm
(iv) =
= =141.5cm
MODE
Mode is another form of central tendency or representative value. Mode is the observation that
appears most frequently in a set. A set of numbers may have one mode, more than one mode, or
no mode at all.
E.g. Find the mode of the given set of numbers:1,1,2,4,3,2,1,2,2,4.
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
Solution: For finding the mode, first we will arrange the given data in ascending or descending
order.
Ascending order of the given data: 1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,4,4
In the given data, 2 appears for the maximum number of times (i.e.4 times)
Therefore, 2 is the mode of the given data.
***For large data, arrange the data using frequency distribution table
2nd Try these(page-65)
[Link] the mode of the following data:
12,14,12,16,15,13,14,18,19,12,14,15,16,15,16,16,
15,17,13,16,16,15,15,13,15,17,15,14,15,13,15,14
Let us put the data in a tabular form:
Number Tally marks Frequency
12 ||| 3
13 |||| 4
14 |||| 5
As, the number 15 appears for the maximum
15 |||| |||| 10
number of times (10 times),
16 |||| | 6
17 2 Therefore mode = 15 for the data.
||
18 | 1
19 | 1
[Link] (in cm) of 25 children are given below:
168,165,163,160,163,161,162,164,163,162,164,163,160
163,160,165,163,162,163,164,163,160,165,163,162
What is the mode of their heights?
{Do it yourself}
MEDIAN:
Median is one of the measures of central tendency.
The median of a set of data is the middlemost number in the set. The median is also the number
that is halfway into the set. To find the median, the data should first be arranged in the ascending
or descending order.
E.g. Given data: 35, 32, 35, 42, 38, 32, 34.
Ascending order of the data: 32, 32, 34, 35, 35, 38, 42
As, the number of observations in the given data is 7, the 4 th observation lies in the middle of the
data.
Therefore, Median of the given data = 35
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
EXERCISE 3.2
[Link] scores in mathematics test (out of 25) of 15 students is as follows:
19, 25, 23, 20, 9, 20, 15, 10, 5, 16, 25, 20, 24, 12, 20.
Find the mode and median of the data. Are they same?
Solution:
Arranging the scores in ascending order: 5, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 23, 24, 25, 25
The median of a set of data is the middlemost number in the set and mode is the observation that
appears most frequently in a set.
As there are 15 items in the data, the median is the ( ) th observation i.e. the 8th observation
from the data.
Hence, Median = 20
Also, it can be observed that 20 occurs 4 times (i.e. the maximum number of times) in the data.
⸫ Mode of this data = 20
Yes, they are same.
[Link] runs scored in a cricket match by 11 players is as follows:
6, 15, 120,50, 100, 80, 10, 15, 8, 10, 15
Find the mean, median and mode of this data. Are the three same?
Solution:
Ascending order of the data: 6, 8, 10, 10, 15, 15, 15, 50, 80, 100, 120
= = = 39
The median of a set of data is the middlemost number in the set and mode is the observation that
appears most frequently in a set.
As the data has total 11 observations, so the middlemost observation i.e. the 6 th observation is the
median.
Therefore, Median = 15
Also, it can be observed that 15 occurs 3 times (i.e. the maximum number of times) in the data.
⸫ Mode of this data = 15
No, these three are not same.
[Link] weights (in kg) of 15 students of a class are:
38, 42, 35, 37, 45, 50, 32, 43, 43, 40, 36, 38, 43, 38, 47
(i)Find the mode and median of this data/
(ii)Is there more than one mode?
Solution:
Ascending order of the data: 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 38, 38, 40, 42, 43, 43, 43, 45, 47, 50
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
The median of a set of data is the middlemost number in the set and mode is the observation that
appears most frequently in a set.
(i) As the data has total 15 observations, so the middlemost observation i.e. the 8 th observation is
the median.
Therefore, Median = 40
Also, it can be observed that 38 and 43 both occurs 3 times (i.e. the maximum number of times)
in the data.
⸫ Mode of this data = 38 and 43
(ii0 Yes, there are two modes in the data.
[Link] the mode and the median of the data: 13, 16, 12, 14, 19, 12, 14, 13, 14
Solution:
Ascending order of the data: 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 16, 19
The median of a set of data is the middlemost number in the set and mode is the observation that
appears most frequently in a set.
As the data has total 9 observations, so the middlemost observation i.e. the 5 th observation is the
median.
Therefore, Median = 14
Also, it can be observed that 14 occurs 3 times (i.e. the maximum number of times) in the data.
⸫ Mode of this data = 14
[Link] whether the statement is true or false:
(i) The mode is always one of the numbers in the data.
Solution: TRUE
Mode of the given data is that value of the observation that appears most frequently in the data.
Therefore, mode is always one of the numbers in the data.
(ii) The mean is one of the numbers in the data.
Solution: False
Mean may or may not be one of the numbers in the data.
(iii) The median is always one of the numbers in the data.
Solution: True
The median of the given data is the middle observation when the data is arranged in ascending or
descending order.
(iv)The data 6, 4, 3, 8, 9, 12, 13, 9 has mean 9.
Solution: False
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
= = =8
BAR GRAPH
A bar graph is a representation of numbers using bars of uniform width and the lengths of the
bars depend upon the frequency and scale we have chosen.
Rules for drawing a bar graph:
[Link] your data. The first thing you must do is to collect all your data. Remember that a bar
graph should show a comparison among categories.
[Link] an x and a y-axis. This will look like a large "L" shape.
[Link] the x-axis (horizontal) and the y-axis (vertical).
[Link] the point of intersection of x and y axis as 0 (zero).
[Link] a proper scale and write scale on the top right corner of the bar graph.
[Link] equal divisions on y-axis using the scale chosen.
[Link] bars of uniform width with uniform spacing from x-axis.
[Link] what each bar represents.
EXERCISE 3.3
[Link] the bar graph, to answer the following questions:
a) Which is the most popular pet? b) How many students have dog as a pet?
Solution:
a) Since the bar representing cat is the tallest, cat is the most
popular pet.
b) The number of children having dog as the pet are 8.
2. Read the bar graph which shows the number of
books sold by a bookstore during five consecutive
years and answer the following questions:
i) About how many books were sold in 1989?1990?
1992?
ii) In which year were about 475 books sold? About
225 books sold?
iii) In which year were fewer than 250 books sold?
iv) Can you explain how you would estimate the
number of books sold in 1989?
Solution:
(i) In 1989, 175 books were sold. In 1990, 475 books were sold. In 1992, 225 books were sold.
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
(ii) 475 books were sold in the year 1990 and 225 books were sold in the year 1992.
(iii) In the year 1989 and 1992 fewer than 250 books were sold.
(iv) From the graph, the number of books sold in the year 1989 is 1 and ¾ th of the unit.
Also, 1unit = 100 books
Therefore, 1 and 3/4 unit = 100 + ¾×100 = 100+75 = 175 books.
3. Number of children in six different classes are given below. Represent the data on a bar graph.
a) How would you choose a scale?
b) Answer the following questions:
i) Which class has the maximum number of children? And the minimum?
ii)Find the ratio of students of class 6th to class 7th?
Solution:
a) We will choose a scale, 1unit = 10 children because
we can represent a clearer difference between the
number of students using this scale.
b) (i) Class 5 th has the maximum number of children
and Class 10 th has the minimum.
(ii) Number of Students in class 6 th = 120 and
Number of Students in class 7 th = 100
⸫ Ratio of students of class 6 th to class 7th = 120 :100
= 6: 5
[Link] performance of students in 1st term and 2nd term is given. Draw a double bar graph
choosing appropriate scale and answer the following questions:
i) In which subject, has the child improve his performance the most?
ii) In which subject is the improvement the least?
iii) Has the performance gone down in any subject?
Solution:
A double bar graph for the given data is as follows:
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
(i)There was a maximum increase in marks obtained in Maths. Therefore, the child has improved
his performance in Maths.
(ii)From the graph it is concluded that the improvement was the least in S.S.
(iii) From the graph it is observed that the performance in Hindi has gone done.
[Link] the data collected from a survey of a colony:
i) Draw a double bar graph choosing an appropriate scale. What do you infer from the bar graph?
ii) Which sport is most popular?
iii) Which is more preferred, watching or participating in sports?
Solution:
A double bar graph for the given data is as follows:
(i)The double bar graph represents the number of
people who like watching and participating in
different sports.
(ii) From the bar graph it can be observed that
bar representing the number of people who like
watching and participating in cricket is the tallest
among all the bars. Hence, cricket is the most
popular sport.
(iii)The bars representing watching sports are
longer than the bars representing participating in
sports. Hence, watching different types of sports
is more preferred than participating in sports.
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
[Link] the data giving the minimum and the maximum temperature of various cities. Plot a
double bar graph using the data and answer the following questions:
i) Which city has the largest difference in the minimum and
the maximum temperature on the given date?
ii) Which is the hottest city, and which is the coldest city?
iii) Name two cities where maximum temperature of one
was less than the minimum temperature of the other.
iv) Name the city which has the least difference between its
minimum and the maximum temperature.
Solution: -
A double bar graph for the given data is as follows:
(i) From the graph it can be concluded that Jammu
has the largest difference in the minimum and
the maximum temperature on the given date.
(ii) From the graph it can be concluded that
Jammu is the hottest city and Bangalore is the
coldest city.
(iii) Two cities where maximum temperature of one
was less than the minimum temperature of the other are
Bangalore and Ahmedabad
Bangalore and Jaipur.
(Iv) From the graph it can be concluded that the
city which has the least difference between its
minimum and the maximum temperature is
Mumbai.
PROBABILITY
**Probability is a measure of the likelihood of an event to occur.
**Many events cannot be predicted with total certainty. We can predict only the chance of an
event to occur i.e. how likely they are to happen, using it.
**Probability can range in between 0 to 1, where 0 means the event to be an impossible one
and 1 indicates a certain event.
Probability of an event to happen =
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL DAMMAM
GIRLS MIDDLE SECTION
E-LEARNING NOTES 2021-22
CLASS: VII SUBJECT: - MATHS PREPARED BY :-
SHABANA I KHAN
EXERCISE 3.4
[Link] whether the following is certain to happen, impossible, can happen but not certain:
(i) You are older today than yesterday.
(ii) A tossed coin will land heads up.
(iii) A die when tossed shall land up with 8 on top.
(iv) The next traffic light seen will be green.
(v) Tomorrow will be a cloudy day.
Solution:
(i) Certain
(ii) Can happen but not certain.
(iii) Impossible as there are only six faces on a dice marked as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 on it.
(iv) Can happen but not certain.
(v) Can happen but not certain.
[Link] are six marbles in a box with numbers from 1 to 6 marked on each of them.
(i) What is the probability of drawing a marble with number 2?
(ii) What is the probability of drawing a marble with number 5?
Solution: -
Probability of an event to happen =
(i) Probability of drawing a marble with number 2 =
(ii) Probability of drawing a marble with number 5 =
3. A coin is flipped to decide which team starts the game. What is the probability that
your team will start?
Solution: -
A coin has two faces – Head and Tail. One team can opt either Head or Tail.
Probability of an event to happen =
Probability that our team will start =
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